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There are a number of organic, inorganic and hybrid inorganic waveguide materials that are currently being used for a wide variety of optical interconnect applications. Depending upon the approach, waveguide formation is performed using a combination of lithographic and/or reactive ion etch techniques. Often the processes involved with waveguide formation require unique processing conditions, hazardous process chemicals and specialized pieces of capital equipment. In addition, many of the materials have been optimized for silicon substrates but are not compatible with printed wire board (PWB) substrates and processes.

The purpose of this case study is to explore how a relatively economically insignificant business can gain and maintain access to a major supermarket chain on the other side of the globe in a world oversupplied with fine wines.

Based on the approach to case studies recommended by Lyons (2005), this case study is built on semi‐structured interviews with key informants, previous experience, observations, documentary and web resources, combined in a process of triangulation to ensure reliability and content validity.

The nature of the problems facing a small wine producer are described, followed by an account of how access to Tesco was achieved and maintained. Personnel with previous Tesco contact were found to be vital to gaining access. Providing exactly what the supermarket wanted, when it wanted it and with reliability to continue supply over time were found to be critical as was the role of the channel coordinator. Supplier/supermarket loyalty was able to survive opposition. Maintaining good relationships in the supply chain was supported at all levels by active participation of the supplier's principals, in all stages of the chain, both personally and in developing solutions to the supermarket's problems.

The case study describes the first successful export of wine from New Zealand to Britain for sale in Bag‐in‐Box containers and how this is far more efficient in “food miles”.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the fragile link between a medium sized New Zealand wine business and a major overseas supermarket chain, and how a smaller business can survive market disappointments such as reduced supply contracts.

This case study is built on semi‐structured interviews with key informants, previous experiences, observations, documentary and web resources, combined in a process of triangulation to optimize reliability and content validity.

Establishing a successful long distance supply chain for a New Zealand wine does not guarantee long term business success. When that success was threatened by the supermarket reducing its order unilaterally the company concerned responded by restructuring its business operations to overcome a performance gap. A further chain has been developed to another UK based supermarket chain, ASDA, to move bulk wine and significant inroads have been made into the US market place through Total Wine & More, a US distributor/retailer. Long term relationships played key parts in all these developments. Establishing and maintaining customer contact and loyalty through regular interpersonal contact and close monitoring of the supply situation has had a central role.

This is only a single case of a Canterbury, New Zealand, enterprise, but it corroborates Beverland and Lindgreen's research, which examined the evolving patterns of relationships over time among New Zealand wineries, importers, retailers and customers.

This paper highlights the value of investing in and maintaining long term business relationships.

Previous articles have described the establishment of the original chain with Tesco. This one reviews how that chain has been rescued and other chains developed as part of a strategy of not “having all one's eggs in one basket”. The major innovation for this exporter has been gaining satisfactory access to the US market. Together with his UK chains this now provides assured markets for the majority of his production of Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc, by far the most important New Zealand varietal wine produced.

MATERIALS are frequently considered as divisible into two classes, primary sources and secondary sources. This view is useful, though not foolproof. In the first class are those sources which yield the very first information on any subject or event. They cannot be ignored. Secondary sources comprise the elaborations of primary sources, the theory and conjecture to which the original testimony gives rise. The value of original sources is obvious. Mr. Winston Churchill's account of Marlborough will, no doubt, be hailed in the future as “authoritative,” and, all things considered, justly so. But at best the author can only give his own interpretation of the Duke's letters and dispatches. That interpretation may be correct, or only very slightly in error; a fact which does not justify the conduct of the next student of Marlborough if he contents himself with accepting Mr. Churchill's conclusions on a few main events without bothering to look at such original testimony as may be extant. True, an examination of the primary sources may convince the student of the justness of Mr. Churchill's reading. On the other hand, a fresh mind may detect some small but significant point which has persistently escaped the other worker. Original sources may often be scrappy and unsatisfactory, apparently of small value, uninspiring even: but, in that they are unique, they cannot be disregarded. I can give no catalogue of what might be regarded as materials of this class, no list, at least, applicable for all topics to be investigated. If indeed that were possible we would be faced with the difficulty of deciding what were the primary sources of each separate investigation. For example, the Acts of Parliament would certainly be an original authority to the research worker who had the Revolution of 1688 as his subject. But would he regard in the same light the Diary of Narcissus Luttrel who lived through the stirring events of that time, and recorded them as they appeared to him?

The Mary Marlborough Disability Service, a specialist NHS unit providing non‐acute support which enables people with physical disabilities to lead independent lives, established an inter‐disciplinary team which addresses any problem of relevance to an individual which might affect their daily existence, social life, work, education or leisure pursuits. Identifies three areas of change: the style of service; its effectiveness; its efficiency. Finds, although the unit perceived itself to be working as a team, there were major operational difficulties which led to lack of cohesion and communication. As the unit was resistant to change, a clinical co‐ordinator experienced in the field of disability was seconded to the unit to guide the necessary changes, and a number of lessons were learned.

As printed wiring boards move to thin laminate structures, there is growing interest in the use of photoimageable coatings to serve as dielectric. Shipley has developed a liquid photoimageable dielectric which combines liquid coating, imaging and plateability. This paper presents work using this material to produce electrolessly plated lines and blind vias, along with initial adhesion data. Some of the interesting properties of this material are: low dielectric constant, low moisture absorption and good compliance to stress. The material can be processed to provide a high Tg and high plated adhesion can be obtained using conventional swell and etch techniques. It can be imaged and processed using conventional printed circuit coating and imaging techniques. This material will offer a relatively low cost alternative to thin clad laminates and may find use for adding one or two layers to a conventional multilayer board or in providing surface topography for surface mount devices. The paper describes recent developments related to this dielectric and its use.

The demand for higher operating speeds and increasing densification in electronic packages is driving designers to reduce feature sizes in order to accommodate increases in I/O counts. Consequently, printed circuit board manufacturers are turning to new manufacturing techniques and new materials in order to meet these demands from their customers. Sequential build‐up is one such technique and a plethora of new materials is available to support these innovative routes to high‐density interconnect circuitry. The basic concept involves the addition of extra layers of dielectric and copper on to a multi‐layered board. The additional circuitry is then connected to the underlying board using suitably formed microvias. Focuses on the metallization of microvias using a straight‐through horizontal metallization process. Particular emphasis is placed on the importance of equipment design, the chemistry of the solutions used and optimization of fluid exchange to ensure good coverage of these small features.

This paper aims to explore the dynamics of communities which decline and die.

The example of the Marlborough Day Hospital in the 1970s is used and analysed as a form of fieldwork.

It was found that the demise of the community can be traced to ambiguities in the attitudes to authority on which the development of the community was based in the first place.

The demise of a therapeutic community is a common occurrence, and often attributed to the unfriendly attentions of some outside agency. But the paper explores the possibility that certain internal dynamics within the community need examination as well as the relations to the outside world, and the hosting organisation.

The findings add to the importance of understanding the dynamics of therapeutic communities, not just for their therapeutic benefit, but for the survival of the community itself.