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In the affluent 1960s and 1970s, consumers tended to be price insensitive. Business consequently placed a low priority on pricing, and marketing educators in the USA responded by stressing the non‐price elements of the marketing mix. As a result, when consumers became more price sensitive in the 1980s and 1990s, and business became more concerned about pricing, marketing was not involved. Now, however, marketing educators are beginning to respond to the renewed emphasis on price as a key component in consumers’ perceived value. A new study shows an increase from 4 to 13 percent of US marketing education programs now including a course in pricing; another 22 percent are interested in adding one within two years.

Customer location is a market‐limiting factor for the great majority of manufacturers. Under any full‐cost pricing system, companies are at their most competitive on their own doorstep and their appeal to the consumer diminishes as both the buyer's distance from the plant and the delivered price of products increase. For heavy industrial goods with a low value to weight ratio this is particularly true. The geography of actual and potential markets determines to a great extent the delivered price at which a firm is able to offer its products for sale and, as a consequence, the degree to which any particular market is exploitable.

In this paper the main objectives of transfer pricing are discussed as well as methods that have been suggested for each objective to be achieved. Also investigated are the interrelationships among transfer pricing objectives, methods, and circumstances under which companies operate

This study systematically reviewed pricing research published in leading marketing and hospitality and tourism (H&T) journals between 2010 and 2019. It attempts to concretize the understanding of the evolving patterns of pricing research in both fields and suggests an agenda for future research in H&T.

This study performed keyword co-occurrence analyses and co-citation analyses on the bibliographic data of 575 articles from marketing and H&T journals. Content analysis was applied to investigate the emerged topics in H&T.

The marketing discipline showed a persistent focus on research themes including price promotion, reference price, price fairness and pricing strategy. The H&T domain experienced a significant content enrichment of preexistent research topics. H&T scholars showed a growing interest in studying pricing for sharing economy accommodations and the interplay between pricing and electronic word-of-mouth. While marketing research applied theories from multiple disciplines as the theoretical foundations, H&T studies adopted the hedonic pricing model as an overarching theory.

Future pricing research in H&T may incorporate theories from other disciplines such as psychology, sociology and anthropology to broaden the scope of the study. Besides, innovative study designs and complex data analysis techniques should be encouraged. Topicwise, H&T scholars can dive deeper into price promotion and distribution channel price management.

This is the first study consolidating the pricing literature in H&T and marketing. It also suggests the potential research directions for researchers.

The purpose of this research paper is to examine the impact of a number of variables on the adoption of strategic pricing by industrial service firms, and the effect of this adoption on company performance.

Data were collected from 301 industrial service firms operating in seven different service sectors through a mail survey. Moreover, qualitative research through 35 in-depth interviews was conducted.

The findings reveal that market orientation and market growth boost the development of strategic pricing. On the other hand, technological and market turbulence hinder this development, while the overall impact of turbulence is reduced in market-oriented firms. Finally, strategic pricing has a positive impact on company performance in both quantitative and qualitative terms.

The adoption of strategic pricing requires attention to a variety of company- and market-related factors, while this adoption can improve various aspects of company performance. The addition of other moderating and mediating effects could certainly provide additional insights.

The current study represents one of the first attempts to empirically examine the above topics in an industrial service context.

Examines the shift in priorities of US industrial firms from those of securing market share by means of product innovation and aggressive pricing strategy to that of the achievement of short‐term objectives such as the satisfaction of financial markets and shareholders. Describes an eight‐year study tracking the use of pricing strategy by industrial firms in the 1980s, situating them in the wider context of Japanese‐led changes to the US market during that period. Concludes that instead of reacting defensively, abandoning pricing as a market strategy or using it for short‐term profitability, US business should concentrate on product innovation/development and the pursuit of long‐term profit goals via marketing and pricing strategies appropriate to the external marketplace.

An attempt is made in this paper to discriminate among four groups of transfer pricing methods namely: market price, cost, negotiation, and other methods, according to the transfer pricing objectives and other environmental issues (i.e. transfer pricing determinants). Discrimination is attempted on the data collected in the study of UK companies described in the earlier paper “A Survey of UK Transfer Pricing Practice — Some Preliminary Findings”. The aim of the discrimination is to evaluate the relationship between the transfer pricing method and transfer pricing determinants. This evaluation enables the prediction of transfer pricing method for new cases according to the company's perception of the relative importance of the transfer pricing determinants.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the pricing objectives (e.g. customer-related objectives, sales-related objectives, profit-related objectives) that service companies pursue to set their prices and to examine the impact of market structure on these objectives.

To achieve the research objectives, data were collected from 184 companies operating in four different service industries, namely, logistics companies, financial services providers, information technology companies and airlines.

The findings indicate that the companies that were investigated in the current study seem to follow a hierarchy of pricing objectives, in which their main focus is on the maintenance of the existing customers and the attraction of new ones to ensure their long-term survival in their market without, however, disregarding financial issues and objectives. The study also revealed that the market structure, along with the sector of operation, has an impact on the pricing objectives pursued, as different market conditions were found to lead to different pricing objectives.

The above findings indicate that managers responsible for setting prices within their firms should be guided by the unique characteristics of their markets.

Given the lack of similar studies within the existing services sector literature, the originality/value of the paper lies in the fact that it presents one of the first attempts to empirically examine this issue from a marketing point of view.

This study aims to explore optimal pricing strategies for innovations with direct network externalities – the effect that the number of adopters of an innovation has on the utility of the innovation to other potential adopters. Examples of such innovations are fax machines, e‐mail, cellular phones, and software programs such as word processors. The success of these innovations requires a minimum number of adopters.

The paper uses agent‐based modeling and simulation.

The relationship between price and net present value (NPV) of revenue resembles an asymmetric inverse U‐shape. A low‐pricing strategy outperforms high‐pricing, while a moderate‐pricing strategy outperforms both low‐ and high‐pricing strategies. Moreover, heterogeneity of consumer price sensitivity positively affects the NPV of sales.

Pricing durable new products with network externalities is more challenging than other types of innovations. The results indicate that firms can maximize their NPV by adopting a moderate pricing strategy. Moreover, firms must consider heterogeneity of consumer price sensitivity along with the market price elasticity when making pricing decisions. Detailed strategic implications and recommendations are discussed.

Several recent studies have called for examining pricing strategies for new products with network externalities. The study findings challenge the common wisdom that a penetration pricing strategy is an optimal approach for durable products with network externalities. Moreover, while other studies have highlighted the importance of market price elasticity, extensive simulation experiments conducted in this study show that heterogeneity of consumer price sensitivity is an important factor that must be considered. Finally, the study presents an agent‐based modeling approach for exploring optimal pricing of innovations with network externalities.

Preface The functions of business divide into several areas and the general focus of this book is on one of the most important although least understood of these—DISTRIBUTION. The particular focus is on reviewing current practice in distribution costing and on attempting to push the frontiers back a little by suggesting some new approaches to overcome previously defined shortcomings.