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This article has been withdrawn as it was published elsewhere and accidentally duplicated. The original article can be seen here: 10.1108/EUM0000000003765. When citing the…
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn as it was published elsewhere and accidentally duplicated. The original article can be seen here: 10.1108/EUM0000000003765. When citing the article, please cite: Martin Dillon Erik Jul Mark Burge Carol Hickey, (1993), “Assessing Information on the Internet: Toward Providing Library Services for Computer-Mediated Communication”, Internet Research, Vol. 3 Iss 1.
Martin Dillon, Erik Jul, Mark Burge and Carol Hickey
Reports on a project to: first, provide an empirical analysis oftextual information on the Internet; second, to test the suitability ofcataloguing rules and record formats…
Abstract
Reports on a project to: first, provide an empirical analysis of textual information on the Internet; second, to test the suitability of cataloguing rules and record formats governing the creation of machine‐readable cataloguing records; and third, develop recommendations that would assist the efforts of standards bodies and others interested in systematically cataloguing or otherwise describing and providing access to electronic information objects available through remote network access. Provides summary tables regarding the growth of the Internet and its traffic, together with file types. Concludes: first, that machine readable cataloguing records should be created; second, the effectiveness of records created for providing description and access information should be monitored; and third, cataloguing rules and formats should be extended to include interactive network systems and services.
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In a debate in the House of Commons on February 2nd, the following Motion was proposed and agreed : – “That this House is of opinion that further steps should be taken by His…
Abstract
In a debate in the House of Commons on February 2nd, the following Motion was proposed and agreed : – “That this House is of opinion that further steps should be taken by His Majesty’s Government to encourage cleanliness in the preparation and serving of food in retail shops and catering establishments.”
Sarath Chandra Kanth Pedapalli, Bharti Gupta and Prachi Mahajan
The purpose of this paper is to examine how the changing pattern of climatic conditions is likely to impact tourism in Small island developing states (SIDS). Further, the study…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine how the changing pattern of climatic conditions is likely to impact tourism in Small island developing states (SIDS). Further, the study suggests appropriate management practices that could help in tackling the consequences of climate change on the tourism sector in SIDS.
Design/methodology/approach
Recently published articles and reports are analysed in relation to the effects of climate change on the tourism sector, and approaches to improve the resilience of tourism in SIDS.
Findings
The study has discovered the likely effects of climate change on the tourism business and found a high possibility of a decline in the tourism-based economy as an outcome. Furthermore, the study found that the absence of institutional alliances, government backing, resilient policy and advanced technological mechanisms are driving the associated risks of climate change in tourism.
Practical implications
The framework presented can assist tourism stakeholders to plan, prepare, mitigate and build resilience against the effects of climate variability on the tourism business in SIDS.
Originality/value
This study presents some practical measures for tourism stakeholders to enable them to reduce the effects of climate change on tourism activities in Small island developing states (SIDS).
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Many changes in the law have occurred since the Sale of Food and Drugs Act, 1875, was placed on the statute book in an effort to regulate in some degree the supply of food. The…
Abstract
Many changes in the law have occurred since the Sale of Food and Drugs Act, 1875, was placed on the statute book in an effort to regulate in some degree the supply of food. The battle to ensure that food should be of good quality, pure, wholesome and free from disease still continues, though the weapons used have changed somewhat from those early days, and the hands that wield them have been considerably strengthened by Acts which cover the ramifications of the public food supply in a more efficient manner than their predecessors. Despite all the experience gained over these many years of trial and error, the fact remains that the administration of the Food and Drugs Act, 1938, is still beset with problems, and the adulteration of food, either wilfully or through sheer ignorance, still continues. The maintenance of good health is brought about not only by a food supply of quantity, but also one of quality. The cost of providing and maintaining an efficient service for checking the purity of the nation's food is heavy, when one takes into account the money spent in maintaining and equipping departments for this purpose. This raises the question as to whether the effort is worth while and the results have justified the means in time and money expended. The answer is of course obvious. It is rather alarming to contemplate what would happen if no control existed and the zealous watch on food were relaxed. Especially is this so to‐day, when food is in short supply and buyers are not so particular with regard to quality as long as there is quantity. Does the average man‐in‐the‐street realise the steps taken by local authorities to protect his health and his pocket? He might occasionally see a report in the Press of a prosecution for food adulteration, but his mind travels no further than the immediate case in question. The work of officials in connection with food and drugs cannot be overestimated and it is to be hoped that new legislation which undoubtedly will be introduced in the years to come to meet the changing conditions will add strength to their activities in preserving the quality and standard of the people's food.
S B Kotsiantis and P E Pintelas
Machine Learning algorithms fed with data sets which include information such as attendance data, test scores and other student information can provide tutors with powerful tools…
Abstract
Machine Learning algorithms fed with data sets which include information such as attendance data, test scores and other student information can provide tutors with powerful tools for decision‐making. Until now, much of the research has been limited to the relation between single variables and student performance. Combining multiple variables as possible predictors of dropout has generally been overlooked. The aim of this work is to present a high level architecture and a case study for a prototype machine learning tool which can automatically recognize dropout‐prone students in university level distance learning classes. Tracking student progress is a time‐consuming job which can be handled automatically by such a tool. While the tutors will still have an essential role in monitoring and evaluating student progress, the tool can compile the data required for reasonable and efficient monitoring. What is more, the application of the tool is not restricted to predicting drop‐out prone students: it can be also used for the prediction of students’ marks, for the prediction of how many students will submit a written assignment, etc. It can also help tutors explore data and build models for prediction, forecasting and classification. Finally, the underlying architecture is independent of the data set and as such it can be used to develop other similar tools
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Lawton Robert Burns, Jeff C. Goldsmith and Aditi Sen
Researchers recommend a reorganization of the medical profession into larger groups with a multispecialty mix. We analyze whether there is evidence for the superiority of these…
Abstract
Purpose
Researchers recommend a reorganization of the medical profession into larger groups with a multispecialty mix. We analyze whether there is evidence for the superiority of these models and if this organizational transformation is underway.
Design/Methodology Approach
We summarize the evidence on scale and scope economies in physician group practice, and then review the trends in physician group size and specialty mix to conduct survivorship tests of the most efficient models.
Findings
The distribution of physician groups exhibits two interesting tails. In the lower tail, a large percentage of physicians continue to practice in small, physician-owned practices. In the upper tail, there is a small but rapidly growing percentage of large groups that have been organized primarily by non-physician owners.
Research Limitations
While our analysis includes no original data, it does collate all known surveys of physician practice characteristics and group practice formation to provide a consistent picture of physician organization.
Research Implications
Our review suggests that scale and scope economies in physician practice are limited. This may explain why most physicians have retained their small practices.
Practical Implications
Larger, multispecialty groups have been primarily organized by non-physician owners in vertically integrated arrangements. There is little evidence supporting the efficiencies of such models and some concern they may pose anticompetitive threats.
Originality/Value
This is the first comprehensive review of the scale and scope economies of physician practice in nearly two decades. The research results do not appear to have changed much; nor has much changed in physician practice organization.
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The following is an introductory profile of the fastest growing firms over the three-year period of the study listed by corporate reputation ranking order. The business activities…
Abstract
The following is an introductory profile of the fastest growing firms over the three-year period of the study listed by corporate reputation ranking order. The business activities in which the firms are engaged are outlined to provide background information for the reader.
Patrick Wolf, Martin Steinebach and Konstantin Diener
The purpose of this paper is to show how digital watermarking can be applied to assist and improve cryptography‐based digital rights management (DRM) systems by allowing the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to show how digital watermarking can be applied to assist and improve cryptography‐based digital rights management (DRM) systems by allowing the protection of content beyond the domain protected by the DRM system.
Design/methodology/approach
Digital watermarking is a passive technology, not allowing the active prevention of copyright violations. But it allows the irreversible linking of information with multimedia data, ensuring that an embedded watermark can be retrieved even after analogue copies. Therefore watermarking can be used where DRM fails: whenever content needs to be moved out of the protected DRM domain, e.g. when playing back content via analogue output channels it can mark the content with information that would help to identify its origin if it is used for copyright violations. The remaining challenge now is to find the marked content within the channels regularly used for copyright violations. The paper therefore introduces a concept for scanning file sharing networks for marked content.
Findings
The vast number of files present in the file sharing networks prohibits every approach based on completely scanning and analysing each file. Therefore concepts for filtered search queries where only potentially watermarked files are downloaded are discussed.
Originality/value
The paper shows how watermarking can be applied as a technology to allow active content protection beyond the limitations of current DRM systems.
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