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Attempts to determine the main economic principles that should underline the policies towards safety of ships, cargoes and persons. They applied a model from welfare economics through which they established an “acceptable” or “optimum” level of marine accidents at a point where marginal cost of preventing marine accidents equals the marginal costs of fewer marine accidents. Using mainly graphical analysis they tested whether the Oil Pollution Act is a policy measure in the right direction or not. Similar insights were made for the International Safety Code of IMO which tries to establish quality in shipping through reducing marine accidents (and preventing pollution). This application, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, was performed for the first time.

This research aims to deal with the analysis of the concept of balance scorecard (BSC) integrated maritime process management in a marine course.

Several research studies found that managers lacked a basic understanding of a BSC approach to evaluate a maritime course. This paper analyzes the theoretical and practical approach of strategic BSC tool, analyzing the risks and threats regarding marine accidents.

The conclusion is that the BSC can be applied as a maritime process management to course design. Students were assigned a BSC project in a foundational course and completed a survey to establish if the BSC enhanced their knowledge and understanding of maritime process within a maritime safety process.

Future research would be advised to include a more geographically and randomly selected maritime accident sample.

Based on the application of BSC, it was concluded that a better understanding of how maritime safety process management operates holistically was attained.

This research sheds light on a phase of the maritime safety process that has been neglected so far in the maritime education training and generates insights for maritime industry how they can formalize this process and how they can deal with it more systematically.

Over the past several decades, the need for safety on offshore oil platforms has attracted significant attention from all its stakeholders. This paper seeks to present a mathematical model that could be used to control unsafe conditions on oil platforms.

The model is based on the intuitive notion of safety underlying practices on an offshore platform. The theory of control system combines the human/operator factor gain, maintenance function effectiveness, the component safety quality assurance system, and the safety measurement system in a holistic manner to attain a controlled status of the oil platform.

It is observed that these components relate in a mutually interlinked system that guarantees maximum safety control if all the components are holistically managed.

Practically, the control of an offshore oil platform guarantees the lives and properties of those who utilize the oil platform.

The work is perhaps the first to advance a model of safety on oil platforms with the use of control systems. The work would be of value to safety managers, employees of oil companies and researchers interested in the control of accidents on oil platforms.

The aim of this special issue is to better understand the strategy and change interface, in particular, the (sub)processes and cognitions that enable strategies to be successfully implemented and organizations effectively changed. The ten papers selected for this special issue reflect a range of scholarly traditions and, thus, as our review and integration of the relevant literatures, and our introductions to the ten papers demonstrate, they shed light on the strategy and change interface in starkly different ways. Collectively, the papers give us more insight into the recursive activities, and structural, organizational learning and cognitive mechanisms that are encouraged or deliberately established at organizations to allow their people to successfully implement a strategy and effect change, including achieve greater levels of horizontal alignment. Moreover, they demonstrate the benefits associated with establishing platforms and/or routines designed to overcome decision-makers’ cognitive shortcomings while implementing a strategy or making timely adjustments to it. We conclude our editorial by identifying some yet unanswered questions.

The purpose of this paper is to show the link between human error and marine accidents.

The authors carried out field research and also used empirical evidence.

Until 1998, the human side has been neglected, for centuries, in favor of the technical side. Even after 1998 improper focus did not eliminate marine accidents.

Lack of data between human error and marine accidents.

The paper is addressed to the maritime community and its safety administration in the EU and IMO, to eliminate human error.

There is potential for reduction of human injuries, deaths and marine pollution.

The paper is of value as no prior research, in depth, has been done to see what is behind the standard etiquette “human error” in marine accidents.

The purpose of this paper is to review maintenance practices, tools and parameters for marine mechanical systems that can be classified as plant, machinery and equipment (PME). It provides an insight for the maintenance crew on which maintenance parameters and practices are critical for a given PME systems.

The review paper characterizes the various maintenance parameters and maintenance practices used onshore and offshore for PME and identifies the possible gaps.

A variety of maintenance techniques are being used in the marine industry such as corrective maintenance, preventive maintenance and condition-based maintenance. As marine vehicles (MV) get older, the most important maintenance parameters become maintenance costs, reliability and safety. Maintenance models that have been developed in line with marine mechanical systems have been validated using a single system, whose outcome could be different if another PME system is used for validation.

There is a limited literature on MV maintenance parameters and maintenance characterization regarding mechanical systems. The maintenance practices or strategies of marine mechanical systems should be based on maintenance parameters that suit the marine industry for a given PME.

Based on the available literature, the paper provides a variety of maintenance framework, parameters and practices for marine mechanical systems. The paper further gives an insight on what maintenance parameters, strategies and platforms are given preference in the shipping industry.

Implementation of a sustainability paradigm demands new choices and innovative ways of thinking. The main objective of this paper is to provide a meaningful sustainability assessment tool for make informed decisions, which is applied to higher education institutions (HEIs).

The objective is achieved by developing a quantitative tool for sustainability assessment using a driving force‐pressure‐state‐exposure‐effect‐action (DPSEEA) framework. The DPSEEA framework considers environmental, social, economic, and educational performance as main dimensions of sustainability. The proposed model is called DPSEEA‐Sustainability index Model (D‐SiM). The D‐SiM is a causality‐based model in which the sustainability index (SI) is an outcome of nonlinear effects of sustainability indicators in various stages of DPSEEA. To have an improved understanding of input factors (driving forces) and their impact on sustainability, a simplified empirical model is developed and applied to HEIs to determine the percent contribution of various driving forces on sustainability.

The study reveals that economic development, social equity, and education in sustainability are the major drivers for achieving sustainability in HEI, while health and safety issues, energy requirements, institutional enhancement, and international research and development trends are the less significant driving forces.

The indicators connected in DPSEEA framework through causal relationships lead to the quantitative assessment of sustainability, which provides a unique approach for informed decision making.

Following the marine accident of Erika off the French coast in 1999 shipping administration (and especially the European Union) – in its familiar reactive way – is ready to legislate against tankers of more than 15 years of age, against negligent classification societies and against single‐hull tankers. The positive fact is the initiative of the European Parliament and the Council to set up a community framework for cooperation in the field of accidental or deliberate marine pollution. Moreover, the EU fears that all sub‐standard tankers will eventually be banned from the USA – due to the gradual enforcement of the Oil Pollution Act 1990 – and will come to European waters to continue their polluting habits. So, Europe is about to legislate its own Oil Pollution Act, on even stricter terms than the USA. Provides a survey of the issues involved by setting down the correct – in the author’s opinion – facts about marine accidents, the misunderstanding of which has negated the effectiveness of all measures taken so far against marine accidents.

The focus of this paper is the UN’s agency for the maritime affairs, the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) and more precisely its approach to maritime safety. Being the only international rule‐maker, the sole setter of maritime safety standards that apply universally, the IMO exhibits increased interest especially with regard to its organisational culture, the safety culture that constitutes its core mission. An examination of the evolution of IMO’s safety culture is in essence an examination of the international approach to disaster prevention and risk management in shipping and it is in fact the subject of our present study. Our investigation will reveal the various safety issues that have been treated by IMO as high agenda items in recent years, as well as the factors that can be regarded as instrumental in cultural change and, thus, in the evolution of IMO’s safety philosophy.

The focus of this paper is on the role of the United Nation’s Agency for the maritime affairs, i.e. the International Maritime Organisation, in the setting of quality and safety standards in shipping and the difficulties in establishing and implementing them. Being the only international rule‐maker, the sole setter of maritime safety standards that apply universally, the IMO exhibits increased interest with respect to its approach to safety and the promotion of quality in the shipping sector. The present paper examines the steps taken in the 1990s by the IMO for enhanced quality and safety standards and undertakes a critical review of the most important hindrances in their establishment and implementation. The investigation reveals the various safety issues that have been treated by IMO as high agenda items in recent years as well as a number of limitations for the IMO and problems with regard to the implementation process.