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While the tournament format is common within organized sports, little is known about the supporting behavior of tournament event fans. The defeat of the supported team and its' subsequent elimination could influence how fans associate themselves with the event. Hence, the present study aims to investigate the fans' responses to the favorite team's elimination at a knockout tournament focusing on whether they are willing to continue following the event and choose another team to support.

In this paper fans' temporal switching behavior was explored in relationships with fans' identification with geographic area, sport itself and teams. The audience watching the Japanese National High School Baseball Championship was targeted for the online survey in March 2020, resulting in the final sample of 502 (287 observations used for reliability and validity tests).

Independent sample t-tests and logistic regression were employed in the study. 80% of respondents intended to continue following the tournament, which was associated with a higher attachment to sports. Place attachment by itself was not associated with the intention to continue. Most of the respondents who chose a certain team to support after the favorite team's elimination have retained their pattern of choosing the team (63.9%). Interestingly, fans with higher place attachment not only choose to continue following the tournament after their prefectural team's elimination but were willing to support another team from the same region.

This is one of the first papers providing evidence of tournament fan behavior and temporal switching.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the vast variety of economists' opinions out there about the recession, the bailout, the bank rescue plan, and prospects for the future.

Opinion column.

This column lays out a wide variety of predictive statements about the economy by economists, in order to show that no matter what sort of strategy you pursue in this economy, you will have a lot of award‐winning economists throwing rocks at you (and some supporting you). So you need to use a framework for decision making that takes all plausible possibilities into account.

A cross‐section of mutually exclusive economic opinion, showing how profound uncertainty truly is, and how people can actually learn to use it to their advantage.

The authors discuss the challenges and successes in implementing a peer reference service model in a community college library.

The authors present a case study about the development of a peer reference service at a community college library. The article includes a chronological overview of the program, a brief literature review, the authors’ own observations, interviews with student employees, comments from librarians working with the students and reference service data. They reviewed local reference service data, conducted a limited review of the literature, interviewed librarians at a university with a peer reference assistance program and incorporated their own observations to create the Pellissippi Ambassadors for Library Success program.

Findings suggest that peer reference services benefit student employees, student researchers and librarians.

The article does not include a comprehensive literature review.

The study discusses peer reference services in a community college library setting and can be of use to librarians implementing peer reference services.

In 2020, Sports Illustrated proclaimed its “Sportsperson of the Year” as something dubbed “the activist athlete,” choosing five athletes – LeBron James, Breanna Stewart, Patrick Mahomes, Naomi Osaka, and Laurent Duvernay-Tardif – that represented the term. Like so many athletes who came before them, these athletes vividly demonstrate the potential of sport to shine a spotlight on critical issues in society, yet again solidifying how sport does not exist merely as some kind of escape, but is a major stakeholder in global campaigns for social justice.

This chapter historicizes the contemporary resurgence of athlete activism, largely connected to the reawakening of Black Lives Matters (BLM) in 2020, within what journalist Howard Bryant has called The Heritage, with athletes who acknowledge and accept the charge to use their spotlights for those who have none. From the turning point of the Mexico City Olympics in 1968, which saw collective movements of African-American athletes culminate in the powerful Black power protest by Tommie Smith and John Carlos, a protest that built upon the legacies of so many, to the ongoing debates that surround the International Olympic Committee's (IOC) Rule 50, athletes have long understood how sport serves not only as an integral part of society but also as an agent for change. Contemporary cries for athletes to “shut up and dribble” echo past claims that sport takes place on a level playing field that transcends politics. The history of sports demonstrates otherwise, as athletes embody every imaginable, intersectional, classification of political actor.

In the 1980s, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) passed several eligibility rules to address concerns about the academic and personal development of its participants (Gaston-Gayles, 2009). Despite garnering publicity, fostering school pride, providing entertainment, and generating billions of dollars in revenue for the Division I-affiliated institutions they attend (Sylwester, M., & Witosky, T. (2004). Athletic spending grows as academic funds dry up. USAToday.com , February 18. Retrieved from http://www.usatoday.com/sports/college/2004-02-18-athletic-spending- cover_x.htm), student-athletes are prevented from receiving compensation beyond athletic scholarships by the NCAA’s amateurism principle. Consequently, the ethical question at the center of college sports is: how do participants benefit from the college experience relative to their non-sport peers? While the NCAA typically reports benefits, research that disaggregates the data by sport, division, race, and sex reveals long-standing and pervasive inequities (Harper, Williams, & Blackman, 2013). Accordingly, this chapter juxtaposes NCAA’s rhetoric, principles, and espoused goals with the lived realities of the most populous demographic group within high revenue-generating collegiate sports, Black male student-athletes.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected all sectors of the global economy but some have been affected more than others. The sport sector has been especially influenced by the COVID-19 crisis in a way that has never been seen before. This has meant an urgent need for most sport enterprises to think about new business models in order to cope with the change. The purpose of this article is to discuss in more detail how the sport sector can utilise entrepreneurship as a way of combatting uncertainty whilst promoting the recognition of new opportunities.

A review of the existing literature on COVID-19 in terms of crisis management, entrepreneurship and sport is undertaken. This helps to understand the linkage between sport and entrepreneurship and how this can be used in times of the COVID-19 crisis.

All sport businesses, athletes, managers, fans and consumers need to utilise entrepreneurial thinking in order to act creatively. This will help combat the unease and uncertainty, associated with the COVID-19 crisis and create more entrepreneurial ecosystems to develop.

This article is the first to explicitly state the need for sport businesses to harness the entrepreneurial potential of the COVID-19 crisis thereby contributing to new practices that will help the sport sector survive this uncertain time period and flourish in the future.

This paper explores organization-level racialized work strategies for maintaining racialized organizations (Ray, 2019). It focuses on intentional actions to maintain dominant racial norms, demonstrating how work strategies are informed by dominant racial structures that maintain racial inequities.

We compiled a chronological case study (Yin, 2012) based on 168 news media articles and various organizational documents to examine responses to athlete protests at the University of Texas at Austin following the death of George Floyd. Gioia et al.’s (2013) method uncovered how dominant racial norms inform organizational behaviors.

The paper challenges institutional theory neutrality and identifies several racialized work strategies that organizations employ to maintain racialized norms and practices. The findings provide a framework for organizations to interrogate their strategies and their role in reproducing dominant racial norms and inequities.

In 2020, the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement was reinvigorated within sporting and corporate domains. However, many organizations engaged in performativity, sparking criticism about meaningful change in organizational contexts. Our case study examines how one organization responded to athlete activists’ BLM-fueled demands, revealing specific racialized work strategies that maintain structures of racism. As organizations worldwide disrupt and discuss oppressive structures such as racism, we demonstrate how organizational leadership, while aware of policies and practices of racism, may choose not to act and actively maintain such structures.

To present highlights of the annual Library Legislative Day hosted by the American Library Association in Washington, DC.

A brief outline of the main events of the day.

The aim of this event is to promote advocacy for library services, literacy, resources with a better understanding of privacy and other related issues were commonly addressed themes. Since this is an annual event, it is critical for elected and federal officials, the press as well as the professional library community to share their agendas of common as well as different interests and figure out how to refine ways to address them. Originality/value ‐ Funding libraries is no easy feat, and getting legislators to provide funds and support for library services and resources is the challenge of this annual meeting and to determine better advocacy and effectiveness. Paper type Viewpoint