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Purpose – Despite an abundance of literature on the effects of copyright infringement on music consumption, empirical evidence remains ambiguous. The aim of this chapter is to quantify the effect of copyright infringement on recorded music purchases and live music attendance for Spanish frequent music consumers, and to measure its effect on participation for all music consumers.

Design/methodology approach – We rely on survey data for the Spanish population as our main information source and use propensity score matching to estimate the average effect of copyright infringement on music consumption. In order to do so, the methodology aims at estimating the difference between actual outcomes (record purchases or attendance to live concerts) for copyright infringers and the (counterfactual) outcome would they had not been infringers.

Findings – Two findings stand out. First, and with regards to recorded music consumption, we find a net positive effect of copyright infringement on full album purchases although a nonsignificant one for tracks. Second, there is a positive and significant effect on live attendance, which is consistent with an indirect appropriation effect across products. These results are robust when participation is considered, but some interesting differences arise between recorded music purchasers and live concerts attenders.

Originality/value – First, the use of a counterfactual control group provides an additional approach to the assessment of copyright infringement. Second, within the same framework we investigate the effects of copyright infringement on recorded and live music, an approach that sheds some light on the degree of complementarity between both markets.

In recent years, ports have experienced a period of significant growth and development along with intense inter‐port rivalry as a consequence of intermodality and hinterland development. It is therefore vital that port management bodies define and implement suitable strategies. This paper aims to adapt the benchmarking technique to the sphere of ports. Compares the activity of a port with that of its competitors, which is considered to be excellent. This is a strategic approach where consideration of the needs of the client, shipping lines and export‐import companies is the axis of the benchmarking process.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the use of virtual learning environments in multicultural higher education of two different subjects: foreign language and marketing.

The paper describes the aims, development and results of an interdisciplinary collaboration project was held between two European universities through a webCT system, where students had to work on linguistic aspects and economic and management topics.

Univariate analysis shows students to have a great interest in the project. Different multivariate techniques determine a strong positive relationship between students' participation, implication and motivation in the project and their individual final grades in the course. Regression also proved that the more exciting and challenging the class activities, and the higher the student's active participation, the better the results obtained by the student.

Even if it is an exploratory research that should be replicated in other contexts, both the qualitative and quantitative results seem to confirm the positive contribution of this interdisciplinary e‐learning activity to the multicultural teaching‐learning process.

Results support the positive influence of interdisciplinary activities in the students' performance and the use of learning methods that facilitate active and cooperative learning through audiovisual pedagogical resources in multicultural contexts.

This research aims to study the effects of information (on salary, salary reductions and the pandemic's impact on the organization) on the salary satisfaction of workers whose salary had been cut during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, analyzing the mediating role of salary equity in this relationship.

Information was acquired with a structured questionnaire sent by email in May 2021 from 251 employees in Spain during the “third wave” of COVID-19. The model was estimated using the weighted least squares mean and variance adjusted (WLSMV).

Results collected reveal that workers' perceptions of equity fully mediated the relationship between salary information, information on salary cuts and salary satisfaction.

Learning more about the effects of information on salary satisfaction can contribute to communication policies that reduce the negative impact of sensitive salary decisions, practical implications for employees, organizations and policymakers.

This study examines the central role of organizational information as a mechanism for managing problems arising from the pandemic-induced unfavorable working conditions. This study analyzes how this information affects workers' attitudes, highlighting the role of equity as a mediator in this process.

Esta investigación pretende estudiar los efectos de la información (sobre el salario, las reducciones salariales y el impacto de la pandemia en la organización) en la satisfacción salarial de los trabajadores que sufrieron reducciones salariales durante la pandemia de COVID-19, analizando el papel mediador de la equidad salarial en esta relación.

La información se obtuvo mediante un cuestionario estructurado enviado por correo electrónico en mayo de 2021 a 251 empleados en Espa durante la “tercera ola” de COVID-19. El modelo se estimó utilizando la media ponderada de mínimos cuadrados, y varianza ajustada (WLSMV).

Los resultados recogidos revelan que la percepción de equidad de los trabajadores media totalmente la relación entre la información salarial y la información de recortes salariales sobre la satisfacción salarial.

Aprender más sobre los efectos de la información en la satisfacción salarial puede contribuir a políticas de comunicación que reduzcan el impacto negativo de decisiones salariales delicadas, implicaciones prácticas para empleados, organizaciones y responsables políticos.

Este estudio examina el papel central de la información organizativa como mecanismo de gestión de los problemas derivados de las condiciones laborales desfavorables inducidas por la pandemia. Analiza cómo esta información afecta a las actitudes de los trabajadores, destacando el papel de la equidad como mediador en este proceso.

This study aims to explore demographic market segments’ effect on the relationships between memorable tourism experiences (MTEs), perceived value dimensions and tourists’ behavioral intentions.

The data were collected with an online survey that gathered information on MTEs, economic value, quality value, emotional value, social value and intentions to recommend and revisit. Based on a sample of 1,003 Portuguese tourists, the research model was estimated using partial least squares path modeling.

The results reveal that MTEs have a positive impact on all four perceived value dimensions. Emotional and social value have a positive effect on recommendation intentions. Tourists from different demographic segments exhibit heterogeneous patterns regarding perceived value dimensions’ influence on these individuals’ behavioral intentions. Emotional value has the strongest impact for females, but males are influenced more by social value. Economic value significantly contributes to younger tourists’ recommendation intention, while quality value has the same effect on the 36–45 age group.

This study extended the existing knowledge by confirming heterogeneity among different tourist segments defined by age and gender regarding the relationships between MTEs, perceived value dimensions and behavioral intentions.

本研究旨在探讨人口统计细分市场对难忘旅游体验 (MTE)、感知价值维度和游客行为意愿之间关系的影响。

数据通过在线调查收集。该调查收集了有关 MTE、经济价值、质量价值、情感价值、社会价值以及推荐和重访意愿的信息。研究模型根据 1,003 名葡萄牙游客的样本使用偏最小二乘路径模型进行分析验证。

分析结果表明, MTE 对所有四个感知价值维度都有积极影响。情感价值和社会价值对推荐意愿有正向影响。在游客的感知价值维度对他们行为意愿的影响方面, 不同人口统计背景的群体表现出不同的模式。情感价值对女性的行为意愿影响最大, 而社会价值对男性行为意愿影响最大。对于年轻群体, 经济价值影响其推荐意愿, 而对于 36–45 年龄组的群体, 则是质量价值影响其推荐意愿。

本研究证明按年龄和性别定义的不同旅游群体对于 MTE、感知价值维度和行为意愿之间关系的异质性, 从而扩展了现有文献。

Este estudio buscó explorar el efecto de los segmentos demográficos en la relación entre las experiencias turísticas memorables (MTE, por sus siglas en inglés memorable tourism experiences), las dimensiones del valor percibido y las intenciones de comportamiento de los turistas.

Los datos se recogieron mediante una encuesta online que recopiló información sobre MTEs, valor económico, valor de calidad, valor emocional, valor social, intención de recomendar y de revisita. El modelo de investigación se estimó en base a una muestra de 1.003 turistas portugueses aplicando la metodología de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS).

Los resultados revelan que las MTE tienen un impacto positivo en las cuatro dimensiones del valor percibido. El valor emocional y social tiene un efecto positivo en las intenciones de recomendación. Los turistas de diferentes segmentos demográficos exhiben patrones heterogéneos en cuanto a la influencia de las dimensiones del valor percibido en las intenciones de comportamiento. El valor emocional tiene el impacto más fuerte para las mujeres y el valor social para los hombres. El valor económico es relevante para explicar las intenciones de recomendación para el grupo más joven y el valor de calidad para el grupo de edad de 36 a 45 años.

Este estudio amplía el conocimiento existente al confirmar la heterogeneidad entre los diferentes segmentos turísticos definidos por edad y género con respecto a las relaciones entre los MTE, las dimensiones del valor percibido y las intenciones de comportamiento.

In view of the increased impact of social media, non-profit organizations (NPOs) should review their management model for stakeholder relationships. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of factors on the use of Twitter by NPOs as a mechanism for disclosing information and dialogue with their stakeholders, and in particular: “donor dependence,” “fundraising expenses,” “organizational age,” “organizational size,” “online community size,” “network activity” and “board size.”

A content analysis of Twitter use as a strategic communication tool was conducted and a multivariable linear regression analysis was performed.

Smaller organizations and those with a larger online community are the most interested in implementing Twitter as a one or two-way communication strategy. Likewise, the NPOs with the highest degree of donor dependence strive most in the use of contents of Twitter as one-way communication mechanism.

This study contributes to a better understanding of social media implementation in the NPO sector and advances the identification of the main causes that motivate NPOs to improve their accountability through social media.

The paper’s subject is relatively innovative due to the scarce studies focussing on social media used by NPOs. In spite of the advantages offered by Twitter, few studies have specifically addressed NPOs’ current use of this platform, and fewer still have analyzed the factors that motivate them to use this tool.

This paper aims to examine the extent of mandatory non-financial information disclosed by Spanish state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and barriers to and/or drivers of such disclosures.

To accomplish this task, three data sources were used. To study the extent of non-financial information disclosed and the influence exerted by some variables of such disclosures, the authors performed a content analysis of website disclosures of all Spanish SOEs identified by the General Intervention Board of the State Administration. Likewise, reports published by such companies on their web pages were also examined. To investigate the barriers to the disclosure of non-financial information by Spanish SOEs, the data were collected through interviews with key personnel.

Results showed that the disclosure of mandatory non-financial information by Spanish SOEs is lagging behind when compared to private companies. The key personnel revealed different reasons for the low level of disclosures such as the lack of an accountability awareness in Spain. The institutional size was the variable that most significantly affects the disclosure of mandatory non-financial information by Spanish SOEs.

The main contribution of this research was to examine the influence of some variables on the amount of mandatory non-financial information disclosed by Spanish SOEs. Previous studies have been focused on exploring the level of non-financial information disclosed voluntarily by these companies.

The purpose of this paper is to examine how different variables can affect the amount of information reported by Spanish enterprises owned by the central state as well as by local and regional governments, all categorized as state-owned enterprises (SOEs).

Using, as a reference, the obligations of information disclosure contained in the Spanish Law 19/2013 on Transparency and Good Governance, the authors performed a web-content analysis of web pages of all Spanish SOEs and the authors examined a sample of Spanish enterprises owned by regional and local governments.

The results show that the amount of information reported by Spanish SOEs is quite reduced and limited. Among the variables examined, the most influential ones for explaining the amount of information reported are the nature of public ownership and the institutional size.

This study contributes to the literature by exploring the potential determinants of the online disclosure of mandatory information reported by enterprises whose ownership is shared by private and public organizations. Thus, this research could help public managers make decisions and improve public confidence.