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This study aims to explore and evaluate how sociodemographic, psychographic and situational factors jointly determine the satisfaction and expenditure of sports tourists, two key variables for the sustainability and development of sport tourism.

To meet the objective of the study, structural equation modelling was applied to data collected through a face-to-face survey of 520 sports tourists practising outdoor sports in the Valle del Jerte region (Cáceres, Spain) during the months of March and April 2024.

The findings revealed that older and higher income tourists experienced higher levels of satisfaction with sporting activities. Specifically, young women with a high educational and economic level were found to have the highest expenditure in the sports destination. Furthermore, it was confirmed that authenticity, distance and water sports activities had a positive impact on visitor satisfaction, and that tourist expenditure was influenced by local connection and all sociodemographic and situational factors considered.

This analysis contributes to the sport tourism literature by combining factors of different typologies into a single model and by incorporating expenditure behaviour as a dependent variable and the type of sport activity variable as a situational factor affecting expenditure. This approach expands existing knowledge by providing a more comprehensive view of the effect of sociodemographic, psychographic and situational factors on sport tourism, allowing destination managers to design effective strategies that optimise the satisfaction and expenditure of sports tourists.

本研究旨在探讨和评估社会人口、心理和情境因素如何共同决定体育游客的满意度和消费, 这是体育旅游可持续发展的两个关键变量。

为实现研究目标, 我们采用结构方程模型（SEM）对 2024 年 3 月至 4 月期间在 Valle del Jerte 地区（西班牙卡塞雷斯）从事户外运动的 520 名体育游客进行了面对面调查。

结果显示, 收入较高的老年游客对体育活动的满意度较高。特别是, 教育和经济水平较高的年轻女性在体育目的地的消费最高。此外, 研究还证实, 真实性、距离和水上运动活动对游客满意度有积极影响, 而游客消费则受当地关联性以及所有社会人口和情景因素的影响。

这项分析将不同类型的因素整合到一个模型中, 并将消费行为作为因变量, 将体育活动类型作为影响消费的情景因素, 从而为体育旅游文献做出了贡献。这种方法能更全面地了解社会人口、心理和情境因素对体育旅游的影响, 从而扩展现有知识, 使目的地管理者能够设计有效的战略, 优化体育游客的满意度和消费。

Este estudio busca explorar y evaluar cómo los factores sociodemográficos, psicográficos y situacionales determinan conjuntamente la satisfacción y el gasto de los turistas deportivos, dos variables clave para la sostenibilidad y el desarrollo del turismo deportivo.

Para cumplir con el objetivo del estudio, se aplicó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) a los datos recabados a través de una encuesta presencial a 520 turistas deportivos que practicaban deportes al aire libre en la comarca del Valle del Jerte (Cáceres, España) durante los meses de marzo y abril de 2024.

Los resultados revelaron que los turistas de mayor edad y con ingresos más elevados experimentaban mayores niveles de satisfacción con las actividades deportivas. En concreto, se observó que las mujeres jóvenes con un nivel educativo y económico alto eran las que más gastaban en el destino deportivo. Además, se confirmó que la autenticidad, la distancia y las actividades deportivas acuáticas influían positivamente en la satisfacción de los visitantes y que el gasto de los turistas estaba influenciado por la conexión local y por todos los factores sociodemográficos y situacionales considerados.

Este análisis contribuye a la literatura sobre turismo deportivo al combinar factores de diferentes tipologías en un único modelo y al incorporar el comportamiento de gasto como variable dependiente y la variable tipo de actividad deportiva como factor situacional que incide en el gasto. Este enfoque amplía el conocimiento existente al ofrecer una visión más completa del efecto de los factores sociodemográficos, psicográficos y situacionales en el turismo deportivo, lo que permite a los gestores de destinos diseñar estrategias eficaces que optimicen la satisfacción y el gasto de los turistas deportivos.

The paper seeks to bridge the already familiar benefits of 3D printing (3DP) to the rehabilitation of cultural heritage, still based on the use of complex and expensive handcrafted techniques and scarce materials.

A compilation of different information on frequent anomalies in cultural heritage buildings and commonly used materials is conducted; subsequently, some innovative techniques used in the construction sector (3DP and 3D scanning) are addressed, as well as some case studies related to the rehabilitation of cultural heritage building elements, leading to a reflection on the opportunities and challenges of this application within these types of buildings.

The compilation of information summarised in the paper provided a clear reflection on the great potential of 3DP for cultural heritage rehabilitation, requiring the development of new mixtures (lime mortars, for example) compatible with the existing surface and, eventually, incorporating some residues that may improve interesting properties; the design of different extruders, compatible with the new mixtures developed and the articulation of 3D printers with the available mapping tools (photogrammetry and laser scanning) to reproduce the component as accurately as possible.

This paper sets the path for a new application of 3DP in construction, namely in the field of cultural heritage rehabilitation, by identifying some key opportunities, challenges and for designing the process flow associated with the different technologies involved.

This paper aims to explore the antecedents and performance outcomes of supply chain integration in the agri-food industry in Latin America, a context that the literature on supply chain management has not extensively addressed. The quinoa supply chain, an industry that has encountered a boost in market demand in the past year, is selected as the unit of analysis. Supply chain integration dynamics are analyzed to provide recommendations about integration strategies and benefits in the agricultural sector.

A conceptual model was designed in this study, which includes the drivers (i.e. trust and commitment) and outcomes (i.e. operational and economic performance) of supply chain integration. The relationships were verified through a unique survey, the data of which were collected from 79 respondents operating at different levels of the Peruvian quinoa supply chain (i.e. suppliers, producers and customers). The proposed hypotheses were tested through the partial least squares (PLS) regression.

The results underscore the relevance of trust and commitment as enablers of supply chain integration initiatives in the agri-food industry. These factors are particularly essential for involving the farmers who are the most upstream actors in the supply chain and characterized by unstructured organizations. A high level of integration in these types of supply chain enhances the capacity to improve operational performance, which in turns positively affects the main economic indicators.

This study contributes to the discussion of supply chain integration in the agri-food industry, which remains unexplored thus far. It relies on a multitier collection of responses, which is extended to all the levels of the quinoa supply chain, thereby providing the study with a unique depth of analysis. Furthermore, this work contributes to the ongoing discourse on the performance impact of supply chain integration, which several SCM scholars have recently questioned.

The purpose of this paper is the development of a CFD methodology based on LES computations to analyze the rotor–stator interaction in an axial fan stage.

A wall-modeled large eddy simulation (WMLES) has been performed for a spanwise 3D extrusion of the central section of the fan stage. Computations were performed for three different operating conditions, from nominal (Q_N) to off-design (85 per cent Q_N and 70 per cent Q_N) working points. Circumferential periodic conditions were introduced to reduce the extent of the computational domain. The post-processing procedure enabled the segregation of unsteady deterministic features and turbulent scales. The simulations were experimentally validated using wake profiles and turbulent scales obtained from hot-wire measurements.

The transport of rotor wakes and both wake–vane and wake–wake interactions in the stator flow field have been analyzed. The description of flow separation, particularly at off-design conditions, is fully benefited from the LES performance. Rotor wakes impinging on the stator vanes generate a coherent large-scale vortex shedding at reduced frequencies. Large pressure fluctuations in the stagnation region on the leading edge of the vanes have been found.

LES simulations have shown to be appropriate for the assessment of the design of an axial fan, especially for specific operating conditions for which a URANS model presents a lower performance for turbulence description.

This paper describes the development of an LES-based simulation to understand the flow mechanisms related to the rotor–stator interaction in axial fan stages.

This study aims to shed light on the lack of understanding and previous mixed results regarding why and how some internationalised firms take advantage of host-home country similarity (HHS) while others do not.

Direct and mediating hypotheses are examined through an empirical investigation of 156 CEOs in internationalised Spanish companies, using structural equation modelling validated by factor analysis.

The results suggest that exploitation (EI) and exploration (ER) constitute important learning mechanisms that impact on the liability of foreignness when internationalising a business. In particular, the positive influence that HHS has in international firm performance (IP) depends on both exploitative and exploratory learning.

This research adds insights into the importance of two of the main components of organisational learning (i.e. ER and EI) as mediators of the HHS and IP relationship, which can help senior managers or business owners make consistent decisions by matching potential international market locations with firm learning factors.

This study clarifies contradictory theoretical assertions and mixed empirical results about how HHS impacts on international performance. In particular, by responding to recent calls for research, this study has shown that organisational learning is a key component in the aforementioned link where ER and EI positively mediate this relevant relationship.

The purpose of the paper is to quantify the impact of the non-uniform flow generated by the upstream stator on the generation and convection of the tip leakage flow (TLF) structures in the passages of the rotor blades in a low-speed axial fan.

A full three dimensional (3D)-viscous unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-stokes (RANS) (URANS) simulation of the flow within a periodic domain of the axial stage has been performed at three different flow rate coefficients (φ = 0.38, 0.32, 0.27) using ReNormalization Group k-ε turbulence modelling. A typical tip clearance of 2.3 per cent of the blade span has been modelled on a reduced domain comprising a three-vaned stator and a two-bladed rotor with circumferential periodicity. A non-conformal grid with hybrid meshing, locally refined O-meshes on both blades and vanes walls with (100 × 25 × 80) elements, a 15-node meshed tip gap and circumferential interfaces for sliding mesh computations were also implemented. The unsteady motion of the rotor has been covered with 60 time steps per blade event. The simulations were validated with experimental measurements of the static pressure in the shroud of the blade tip region.

It has been observed that both TLF and intensities of the tip leakage vortex (TLV) are significantly influenced by upstream stator wakes, especially at nominal and partial load conditions. In particular, the leakage flow, which represents 12.4 per cent and 11.3 per cent of the working flow rate, respectively, has shown a clear periodic fluctuation clocked with the vane passing period in the relative domain. The periodic fluctuation of the TLF is in the range of 2.8-3.4 per cent of the mean value. In addition, the trajectory of the tip vortex is also notably perturbed, with root-mean squared fluctuations reaching up to 18 per cent and 6 per cent in the regions of maximum interaction at 50 per cent and 25 per cent of the blade chord for nominal and partial load conditions, respectively. On the contrary, the massive flow separation observed in the tip region of the blades for near-stall conditions prevents the formation of TLV structures and neglects any further interaction with the upstream vanes.

Despite the increasing use of large eddy simulation modelling in turbomachinery environments, which requires extremely high computational costs, URANS modelling is still revealed as a useful technique to describe highly complex viscous mechanisms in 3D swirl flows, such as unsteady tip flow structures, with reasonable accuracy.

The paper presents a validated numerical model that simulates the unsteady response of the TLF to upstream perturbations in an axial fan stage. It also provides levels of instabilities in the TLV derived from the deterministic non-uniformities associated to the vane wakes.

The purpose of this paper is to identify a useful taxonomy of frugal innovation (FI) applied to women-led family businesses in rural communities in Oaxaca, Mexico when confronted with disruptive situations such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic, thus achieving a greater understanding of FI in this context to provide these businesses with strategies that allow them to face crises more effectively.

The study was cross-sectional and quantitative. A scale was developed and applied to 160 family businesses run by women and located in four rural communities in Oaxaca, Mexico. A review of the literature from the period of 2018–2024 made it possible to identify the essential characteristics of FI.

Through an exploratory factorial analysis, four types of FIs were identified: new production and marketing models, new methods of operation, new financing methods and new organizational methods. Using a discriminant analysis to establish the functionality of the identified FIs, the authors found that shifting to new financing and organizational methods was more important for the survival of family businesses in times of crisis.

This study highlights the forms of FI that develop in small family businesses led by women; this is important for the survival of the family and the business. The research highlights innovation challenges and opportunities for women entrepreneurs in the global south.