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Adopting an institutional view of entrepreneurship, this study aims to explore the potential mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) in the relationship between subjective norms and the entrepreneurial intentions of Malaysian students. Additionally, social role theory (SRT) was used to examine whether gender acts as a boundary condition in the proposed relationship.

Empirical evidence was based on responses from 220 final-year students registered from a final-year entrepreneurship module at a private university in Malaysia. The hypothesised relationships were tested using Model 7 of the PROCESS macro.

The findings indicated that subjective norms had a weak but positive effect on the entrepreneurial intentions of Malaysian students. Moreover, ESE was found to mediate the relationship between subjective norms and entrepreneurial intentions. However, contrary to theoretical expectations, gender did not act as a boundary condition in the proposed mediation relationship.

By incorporating SRT with institutional theory, this study sought to address a knowledge gap in the existing literature by investigating and empirically exploring the moderating influence of gender on the mediating effect of ESE in the relationship between subjective norms and entrepreneurial intentions.

Women’s involvement in business is growing and positively impacting the national economy, especially in developing countries. Women entrepreneurs’ success has shown women’s abilities to empower and support national policies and agendas. Efforts and tenacity in a consecutive e-commerce business require innumerable tactics since the business ecosystem has become more challenging and complex. Therefore, this study aims to identify the multiple mediation influence of the need for achievement and locus of control towards the relationship between entrepreneurial knowledge and women entrepreneurs’ e-commerce ventures. The theory of planned behaviour provides excellent opportunities for understanding and envisaging entrepreneurial actions. The study pre-supposes that the interaction of these variables ultimately defines women entrepreneurs’ e-commerce ventures.

This study used a cross-sectional design, and the survey data were collected from 259 valid women entrepreneurs. The study population covers the Klang Valley area, composed of the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, Malaysia. The instrument used in this study was adapted from previous studies. Structural equation modelling was used to establish the measurement model and examine the direct and causal path models.

Firstly, results show a positive relationship between entrepreneurial knowledge and women entrepreneurs’ e-commerce ventures. Secondly, the results show that the need for achievement and locus of control plays an intermediate role in the relationship between entrepreneurial knowledge and women entrepreneurs’ e-commerce ventures.

There are some limitations to this study. Firstly, the main limitation is that it is impossible to generalise the study’s findings since it only examines the sample in the Klang Valley area. Therefore, it would be better for future research to conduct similar studies in other areas. Next, the data were collected cross-sectional, and considering the changes in time that might influence human behaviour, future studies might consider a longitudinal research technique. Thirdly, this study model is limited; hence, future studies can advance and develop the current research model by including more variables, such as moderating and mediating variables.

Education is one of the driving factors that help increase entrepreneurs’ knowledge and skills. Lifelong learning programs must be implemented for women entrepreneurs to increase their knowledge. The relevant parties, including the government, entrepreneurial bodies, training institutions and universities, must provide and develop a more affordable, flexible and inclusive short-course training program and activities for women entrepreneurs.

Empirical studies have proposed reconsidering the effect of entrepreneurial personalities for a better understanding of entrepreneurship engagement. These unique characteristics could act as an enabler for a capable entrepreneur. Many studies have examined the direct relationship between predictor and intention or between predictor and behaviour. Nevertheless, only a few studies have identified the influence of mediating variables in the theory-based framework. By adding the role of personality traits (i.e. need for achievement and locus of control), this study delivers fascinating insights into the current entrepreneurship research and literature. This study also makes a meaningful contribution to entrepreneurship literature, especially in Malaysia’s context of entrepreneurship ecosystems, considering there are still few studies on women entrepreneurship. This study also provides exposure and explanation of the function of the need for achievement and locus of control as the mediators for the relationship between entrepreneurial knowledge and women entrepreneurs’ e-commerce ventures.

To encourage entrepreneurship, which accelerates economic growth by increasing employment opportunities and competitiveness, stakeholders must conduct studies and develop policies that consider both the current situation and future expectations. This study aims to examine the environmental and personal factors that influence students’ entrepreneurial intentions (EIs), using a model based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and social cognitive theories (SCT).

This study proposed an institutional framework demonstrating contextual features to achieve this objective. This theoretical framework is evaluated using a sample of 375 university students in Türkiye.

The empirical findings can help policymakers develop effective policies to encourage entrepreneurship.

The study focuses on EIs; it is possible that even if a participant indicated a high EI in the survey, they will ultimately pursue a completely different career path.

The study also contributes to entrepreneurship literature studies investigating the relationships between the TPB and SCT.

By testing specific hypotheses for Türkiye, this study contributes to the demand for entrepreneurship research in countries that are major global players but have vastly different sociocultural contexts than Western countries.

The study draws a theoretical model that explains the factors affecting the EIs of university students and attempts to explain the EIs of university students with and without business education within this model.

This study aims to understand the relationship between entrepreneurial competencies (self-efficacy and social capital) and sustainable entrepreneurship and its incidence through entrepreneurial motivations (opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship).

The authors adopt a quantitative approach and use ordinary least squares regressions and bootstrapping analysis to test the hypotheses about the relationship between entrepreneurial competencies and sustainable entrepreneurship mediated by entrepreneurial motivations using a cross-sectional sample of 2,356 nascent entrepreneurs from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2021–2022 report.

Evidence suggests that sustainable entrepreneurship is positively influenced by both opportunity- and necessity-driven entrepreneurship. Additionally, the results show that both entrepreneurial motivations positively mediate the relationship between self-efficacy and sustainable entrepreneurship.

The approach departs from the traditional unidimensional perspective on entrepreneurial motivations, recognizing that an entrepreneur can simultaneously embody varying degrees of both motivations. By integrating the study of entrepreneurial competencies and motivations into sustainable entrepreneurship, we can gain a holistic understanding of the dynamics at play.

El objetivo de este estudio es comprender la relación entre las competencias emprendedoras (autoeficacia y capital social) con el emprendimiento sostenible y su incidencia a través de las motivaciones emprendedoras (emprendimiento por oportunidad y por necesidad).

Adoptamos un enfoque cuantitativo y utilizamos regresiones de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios (MCO) y análisis de bootstrapping para probar nuestras hipótesis sobre la relación entre las competencias emprendedoras y el emprendimiento sostenible mediado por las motivaciones emprendedoras utilizando una muestra transversal de 2.356 emprendedores nacientes del informe Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2021–2022.

La evidencia sugiere que tanto el emprendimiento de oportunidad como el de necesidad tienen un impacto positivo en el emprendimiento sostenible. Además, encontramos que ambas motivaciones emprendedoras median positivamente la relación entre la autoeficacia y el emprendimiento sostenible.

Nuestro enfoque se aleja de la tradicional perspectiva unidimensional de las motivaciones emprendedoras, reconociendo que un emprendedor puede encarnar simultáneamente diversos grados de ambas motivaciones. Al integrar el estudio de las competencias y motivaciones emprendedoras en el emprendimiento sostenible, obtenemos una comprensión holística de la dinámica en juego.

Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender a relação entre as competências empreendedoras (autoeficácia e capital social), e o empreendedorismo sustentável e sua incidência por meio de motivações empreendedoras (empreendedorismo de oportunidade e necessidade).

Adotamos uma abordagem quantitativa e usamos regressões de mínimos quadrados ordinários (OLS) e análise de bootstrapping para testar nossas hipóteses sobre a relação entre competências empresariais e empreendedorismo sustentável mediada por motivações empresariais usando uma amostra transversal de 2.356 empreendedores nascentes do relatório Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2021–2022.

As evidências sugerem que o empreendedorismo sustentável é influenciado positivamente pelo empreendedorismo orientado pela oportunidade e pela necessidade. Além disso, os resultados mostram que ambas as motivações empresariais mediam positivamente a relação entre a autoeficácia e o empreendedorismo sustentável.

Nossa abordagem se afasta da perspectiva unidimensional tradicional sobre as motivações empresariais, reconhecendo que um empreendedor pode incorporar simultaneamente vários graus de ambos os ases motivações. Ao integrar o estudo das competências e motivações empresariais ao empreendedorismo sustentável, obtemos uma compreensão holística da dinâmica em jogo.

The purpose of this study is to explore the current state of knowledge of sustainable entrepreneurship (SE) and to gain more insights from the articles originated from the emerging economies. This paper also sets an agenda for future research in this knowledge domain.

The authors perform a systematic literature review by analyzing the primary studies related to SE originating from emerging economies from Asia, Africa and the Middle East. This review scrutinizes a total number of 45 studies to explore the current state of research in this knowledge domain from such economies.

Overall, this review finds that SE research is still at the nascent stage, especially in the context of emerging economies. The authors elicit a few sub-themes, within the SE research, such as individual-level factors, organizational-level factors, institutional-level factors and cultural and social factors.

The authors present a few limitations of this study. Firstly, this study uses articles from the Scopus and Web of Science only. Secondly, this systematic review is limited to the articles originated from emerging economies of Asia, Africa and the Middle East. Thirdly, this review gives overall picture of the SE research in emerging economies and the same in other economies is not in the scope of this study.

The findings of this study will be helpful to the researchers to locate avenues for future course of research in SE field. This study helps the policymakers and educational institutions of emerging economies understand and ingrain sustainability element in entrepreneurship, and thereby helps them to fulfill sustainable economy and sustainable development goals.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first of its kind in the field of SE in emerging economies. This review gives more insights on the state of SE in the emerging economies, as these economies can significantly contribute to the realization of Sustainable Development Goals.

This study aims to emphasize the youth community’s importance in sustaining green entrepreneurial efforts. The study used the stimulus organism response framework as the theoretical base using two separate studies.

Study 1 commences the development of the student green engagement construct through a focus group, panel discussion and exploratory factor analysis, which supported five items. Study 2 measures the relationship of student green engagement with green entrepreneurial intention by mediating university entrepreneurial support and entrepreneurial motivation. Data from 448 students were gathered from five Malaysian private institutions using a purposive sampling technique.

Findings indicate a robust association of student green engagement (stimuli) with green entrepreneurial intention (organism). Furthermore, mediation analysis shows strong mediating effects of university entrepreneurial support and entrepreneurial motivation on green entrepreneurship behavior (response).

The study’s findings can help the universities and concerned governmental departments instill a sense of sustainable entrepreneurship in university students.

The growing demand for halal products has attracted small and large companies looking to secure their market share in the lucrative global halal market. However, it is difficult for resource-constrained firms, such as small and medium enterprises (SMEs), to compete internationally. Therefore, drawing from a resource-based view, this paper aims to examine how intangible resources affect the export performance of Malaysian SMEs exporting halal food and beverages (F&B) products.

This study used a purposive sampling technique, and respondents were reached out by mail. Out of 517 local SMEs exporting halal-certified F&Bs contacted, 193 firms responded, and only 188 responses were eligible to be used for data analysis. The partial least squares structural equation modelling technique was used to conduct the analysis. The data underwent measurement and structural model evaluation to confirm the hypotheses postulated.

Based on the data analysis conducted, it was discovered that intangible resources, namely, international orientation and marketing capability, significantly influence the export performance of Malaysian SMEs exporting halal F&B. However, the influence of cultural intelligence on export performance could not be demonstrated.

This paper fills the gap of the need for more attention to SMEs in developing countries, especially in the halal industry. This research paper also contributes to international business and halal studies by promoting an understanding of intangible resources as strategic resources for SMEs to create competitive advantages and elevate their export performance in the emerging global halal market.

This study aims to conceptualize and investigate the relationships between halal entrepreneurial success, innovation capability and sustainable innovation in the halal industry.

Both integrative and generative approaches are combined to move forward from the literature to a theoretical contribution. The paper presents a model that relates halal entrepreneurial success to innovation capability and sustainable innovation. A purposive sample of 340 Malaysian halal entrepreneurs is used to test the conceptualized model. The partial least square technique was then used to assess the structural model.

The results disclosed that halal entrepreneurial success is positively related to both innovation capability and sustainable innovation. Also, the innovation capability mediates the relationship between halal entrepreneurial success and sustainable innovation.

This research conceptualized and examined a novel model that assesses the relationships between halal entrepreneurial success, innovation capability and sustainable innovation in the halal industry.

The present study aims to examine which aspects of human resource management (HRM) practices and organizational learning capability (OLC) are crucial for corporate entrepreneurship (CE) of retail small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

A cross-sectional design was adopted, where data were collected from a sample of 271 managerial staff of retail SMEs, utilizing a survey questionnaire. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling.

The results reveal that both HRM practices and OLC are crucial in influencing CE, albeit partially.

The study advances knowledge on entrepreneurship of retail SMEs by proposing aspects of HRM practices and OLC that enhance each dimension of CE.

This study aims to investigate the Malaysian Mah Meri Indigenous tourism entrepreneur’s personality, experience, sense of community traits and current challenges in community-based tourism (CBT)-related businesses.

Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather data from 10 Indigenous tourism entrepreneurs. Data were analysed using the NVivo 11 software.

The qualitative content analysis found three broad themes. Firstly, the authors found that the Mah Meri community possesses unique self-efficacy personality characteristics, significantly predicting their unsustainable entrepreneurial behaviours. Secondly, they are willing to share their values, beliefs and interests in their business offerings, which reflect their sense of community. Even with considerable entrepreneurial experience through learning from local wisdom and upskilling efforts by the government, the authors found that the community limitation mainly concerns the lack of early education, uninventive entrepreneurship practices and financial assistance.

This study provides an improved understanding of the Indigenous business environment for policymakers and Indigenous entrepreneurs. We found entrepreneurial personality, experience, sense of community determine and structure their CBT entrepreneurial activities.

This study provides a new perspective on Indigenous tourism entrepreneurs’ personalities, experiences, sense of community traits and challenges. The study also suggests encouraging sustainable Indigenous entrepreneurship practices for economic development, self-determination and community sustainability.