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The influence of different factors including emotional states on loyalty has been previously discussed in the literature. However, the influence of post-visit emotions evoked by emotional stimuli on tourist loyalty lacks empirical attention. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of post-visit emotional stimuli on destination loyalty.

The study applied an online scenario-based experimental design to identify the impact of positive and negative affective pictorial stimuli on destination loyalty. A sample of 500 adult US residents who visited Orlando within the past 12 months was recruited to take part in the experiment. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the loyalty of three groups, two of which were manipulated with emotional stimuli, positive pictures and negative pictures and one control group with no pictures.

Results show that it is possible to influence visitor loyalty after visitation. Post-visit exposure to positive emotional stimuli generates higher levels of destination loyalty, while negative emotional stimuli generate lower levels of destination loyalty, in comparison with no stimuli scenario.

The study adds to the literature by providing support for the influence of post-visit emotional stimuli on destination loyalty, which lacked empirical attention, thus, far. As visitor experience lasts much longer than the visit itself, the study results are significant for increasing destination loyalty after the trip.

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the concept of perceived risks, identify the main antecedents and outcomes of health risk perceptions and propose a conceptual model of health risk perceptions in tourism.

This paper provides a review of the literature on customer risk perceptions, along with their antecedents and outcomes, and proposes a conceptual model of health risk perceptions in tourism.

Key findings reveal that the main factors of health risk perceptions can be broadly classified into cognitive, affective, individual and contextual components. The proposed conceptual model of health risk perceptions provides a theoretically integrated overview of relationships between all groups of factors, tourists’ risk perceptions and travel intentions.

The paper contributes to theory by offering a new approach to health risk perceptions in tourism, which remain underexplored in previous studies. The literature review adds to the body of knowledge by introducing four main groups of factors affecting tourists’ health risk perceptions, while the conceptual model proposes relationships between these factors, tourists’ risk perceptions and travel intentions.

本文的目的是阐明可感知风险的概念, 确定健康风险感知的主要前提和結果, 并提出旅遊业健康风险感知的概念模型。

本文提供了一份关于顾客风险认知的文献综述, 连同他们的前提和结果, 并提出了一个旅遊业健康风险感知的概念模型。

主要发现揭示了健康风险感知的主要因素可以大致分为认知, 情感, 个体和情境成分。所提出的健康风险感知概念模型提供了一个理论上的关于各个成分之间, 游客风险感知, 和出游意向之间综合关系的概况。

本文通过提供一种在以前研究中未被探索的新的旅遊业健康风险感知方法, 为理论发展做出了贡献。文献综述通过介绍影响遊客健康风险感知的四个主要因素丰富了相关知识体系, 所提概念模型则建议了这些因素, 遊客风险感知以及出游意向之间的关系。

Antecedentes y resultados de las percepciones de riesgos para la salud en el turismo: Un modelo conceptual

El propósito de este artículo es clarificar el concepto de riesgos percibidos, identificar los principales antecedentes y resultados de las percepciones de riesgos para la salud, y proponer un modelo conceptual de las percepciones de riesgo para la salud en el turismo.

Este artículo provee una revisión de la literatura sobre las percepciones de riesgo de los clientes, junto con sus antecedentes y resultados, y propone un modelo conceptual de las percepciones de riesgo para la salud en el turismo.

Los resultados clave revelan que los principales factores de las percepciones de riesgos para la salud pueden clasificarse generalmente en componentes cognitivos, afectivos, individuales, y contextuales. El modelo conceptual propuesto de las percepciones de riesgos para la salud provee una perspectiva teoréticamente integrada de la relación entre todos los grupos de factores, las percepciones de riesgo de los turistas, y las intenciones de viaje.

El artículo contribuye teoréticamente al ofrecer un nuevo enfoque sobre las percepciones de riesgos para la salud en el turismo, que siguen sin ser exploradas en estudios anteriores. La revisión de literatura contribuye al cuerpo de conocimiento al introducir los cuatro principales grupos de factores que afectan las percepciones de riesgo para la salud de los turistas, mientras que el modelo conceptual propone la relación entre estos factores, las percepciones de riesgo de los turistas, y las intenciones de viaje.

This study aims to explore the influence of different types of cleanliness information provided on the Airbnb platform (hosts’ sanitation labels, Airbnb cleaning protocol and previous guests’ reviews) on guests’ trust and behavioral intentions.

This study uses an online scenario-based experimental design. A two-step approach was applied to discover the proposed relationships by assessing the measurement model fit and validity of the constructs with confirmatory factor analysis and testing study hypotheses with structural equation modeling.

The results demonstrate that three types of cleanliness information (i.e. provided by Airbnb’s hosts, platform and customer reviews) had statistically significant effects on customers’ trust and behavioral intentions.

The research results provide practical recommendations for Airbnb hosts and peer-to-peer accommodation platforms on using several types of textual and visual cleanliness information to influence guests’ attitudes and behavioral intentions.

This study advances knowledge by introducing new factors affecting guests’ trust and behavioral intentions in peer-to-peer accommodation settings and differentiating the effects of different sources of cleanliness information and different types of guests’ trust.

The most commonly described components of customer experience include cognitive and affective aspects. However, the subjective self-reported methods traditionally applied in tourism research cannot fully represent the instant, dynamic, and affective nature of customer experience. Therefore, there is a need for moment-based approaches and longitudinal methods in tourism research. The chapter provides a selective review of measures that can be used to assess the affective aspects of customer experience. Taking into account the advantages and limitations of each method, the integration of self-reported scales, moment-based psychophysiological techniques, and longitudinal methods should be considered as the best approach to measuring affective components of customer experience in tourism. This holistic interdisciplinary approach will help researchers and tourism practitioners understand the relationship between affective and cognitive components of tourists' pre-visit, onsite, and post-visit experience, as well as evaluate the effectiveness of marketing campaigns, identify weak points of tourists' customer journey, and maximize total travel experience.