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1 – 5 of 5Rika Takahashi, Jin Kenzaki and Makoto Yano
In the real world, developed countries are permitted to impose tariffs only on a small range of imports (partial tariff). For this reason, tariff policies have been replaced in…
Abstract
In the real world, developed countries are permitted to impose tariffs only on a small range of imports (partial tariff). For this reason, tariff policies have been replaced in many countries by other policy devices such as a competition policy. This study compares a competition policy with a partial tariff policy. It demonstrates that if a country can impose a tariff on only a small part of the imports and at sufficiently low tariff rates, optimal partial tariff policy may not create as large a protective effect as optimal competition policy.
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Purpose – This chapter examines whether a small open economy in the presence of a nontraded good produced under a monopolistically competitive market and foreign capital inflow…
Abstract
Purpose – This chapter examines whether a small open economy in the presence of a nontraded good produced under a monopolistically competitive market and foreign capital inflow can raise its national welfare by adopting trade liberalization coupled with foreign economic aid.
Methodology/approach – The chapter employs a general equilibrium, comparative static analysis of a small open economy involving two factors and two industries.
Findings – It is shown that an import tariff can raise the welfare of a country or impoverish it, depending on the production and trade structures and preferences of the country, but foreign economic aid is always welfare enhancing. Thus, even when a tariff reduction reduces national welfare, the government still has an incentive to adopt the policy combination of trade liberalization and foreign economic aid.
Originality/value of paper – The results obtained explain a widely recognized fact that economic aid by developed donor countries, trade liberalization and capital market liberalization typically take place simultaneously in developing recipient countries.
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Ken Kato, Kazunobu Yamauchi, Makoto Miyaji, Nakako Fujiwara, Kimiko Katsuyama, Hiroshi Amano, Santaro Kobayashi, Michio Naito, Yasunori Maki, Hirohisa Kawahara, Mitsuaki Maseki and Yoshio Senoo
This study seeks to investigate doctors' desire to change the hospital where they work to sustain higher quality care.
Abstract
Purpose
This study seeks to investigate doctors' desire to change the hospital where they work to sustain higher quality care.
Design/methodology/approach
Self‐administered questionnaires were sent to doctors in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Data were analyzed using univariate and logistic regression analysis and recursive partitioning.
Findings
Factors related to doctors' desire to change hospitals, according to logistic regression, were interaction between working hours and satisfaction with the hospital, evaluation, local government hospitals versus private ones, small vs large hospitals, ophthalmology versus internal medicine, desire to continue working as a hospital doctor and age. Additionally, working hours were also found to be related, based on recursive partitioning.
Research limitations/implications
The response rate was low and sampling bias was observed – therefore results need careful interpretation. Also, because this was a cross‐sectional study, causal relationships could not be identified. Desire to change hospitals, but not actual behavior, was measured.
Practical implications
Efforts to prevent doctors from changing hospitals should include considering job satisfaction and workload, doctor evaluation methods, support for career progression and organizational management.
Originality/value
As the hospital doctor shortage in rural areas becomes more serious, exploring doctors' desire to leave their current hospital is meaningful for Japanese hospital managers and hospitals worldwide aiming to provide sustainable and higher quality care.
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