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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1992

Maqsood A. CHAUDHRY

An extension of the Schwarz‐Christoffel transformation is described to formally map polygons which contain curved boundaries. The curved boundaries are divided into small ‘curved…

Abstract

An extension of the Schwarz‐Christoffel transformation is described to formally map polygons which contain curved boundaries. The curved boundaries are divided into small ‘curved elements’ and each element is approximated by a second degree polynomial (higher degree polynomials can also be used). The iterative algorithm of evaluating the unknown constants of the basic S‐C transformation described in a companion paper is applied to the extended S‐C transformation to compute its unknown constants, including the coefficients of the polynomials. Excellent results are achieved as far as accuracy and convergence are concerned. Examples including a practical application, are provided. The mapping of curved polygons is important because they provide a better model of a physical device.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 11 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Article
Publication date: 1 February 1992

Maqsood A. CHAUDHRY and Roland SCHINZINGER

An iterative algorithm is described to compute Schwarz‐Christoffel transformations which map the upper half of a complex plane into the interior of a polygon in another complex…

Abstract

An iterative algorithm is described to compute Schwarz‐Christoffel transformations which map the upper half of a complex plane into the interior of a polygon in another complex plane. An efficient method of numerically integrating the S‐C integral over the singularities is presented. The algorithm is easily programmable in FORTRAN. Convergence rate is high and accuracy is excellent. Examples are provided and wherever possible, analytically obtained results are also presented for comparison. The importance of the algorithm is described and a brief comparison with some of the existing algorithms is made. Potential application of the S‐C transformation are in the solution of Laplace's and Poisson's equation in two‐dimensional domains with polygonal boundary.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 11 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Article
Publication date: 1 February 1992

M.A. Chaudhry

The problem of determining the shape of a polygonal integrated circuit planar resistor to a desired value of resistance has applications in the IC fabrication technology. The…

Abstract

The problem of determining the shape of a polygonal integrated circuit planar resistor to a desired value of resistance has applications in the IC fabrication technology. The resistor design problem can be simplified for modular applications and fabrication by changing only one parameter of the polygon, e.g., length of a slit, to achieve the desired value of resistance. This paper describes a method of numerical conformal mapping to compute the length of the slit to obtain the desired value of resistance when the shape of the polygon is given. The extended Schwarz‐Christoffel transformation developed by the author and others is used when polygons with curved segments are encountered. The resulting algorithm is easily programmable and accurate. Rapid convergence is achieved. Examples are given and other applications of the method are presented.

Details

Microelectronics International, vol. 9 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1356-5362

Article
Publication date: 1 January 1992

M.A. Chaudhry and R. Schinzinger

Introduction of curved boundaries in polygonally shaped integrated circuit planar resistors causes a crease in maximum electric field intensities and current densities present in…

Abstract

Introduction of curved boundaries in polygonally shaped integrated circuit planar resistors causes a crease in maximum electric field intensities and current densities present in them, and consequently decreases the likelihood of their failure. The presence of curved boundaries can also decrease the area occupied by the resistor. Therefore, polygonal resistors with curved boundaries can be highly desirable in integrated circuits. Resistances of conductors with curved boundaries are readily computed using conformal mapping, particularly the numerically, extended Schwarz‐Christoffel transformation developed by the authors. The resulting algorithm is applicable to polygonal resistors of arbitrary shape and is easily programmable. Several examples are presented. Rapid convergence and accurate results are obtained.

Details

Microelectronics International, vol. 9 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1356-5362

Article
Publication date: 1 April 1994

Khalid Al‐Anzi and Mel Collier

This paper analyses the current state of Arabisation of automated library systems. Problems of Arabic language handling and limitations of Romanisation are described. The areas of…

Abstract

This paper analyses the current state of Arabisation of automated library systems. Problems of Arabic language handling and limitations of Romanisation are described. The areas of character encoding, standards for coding and bibliographic records, character recognition and lexical analysis are synthesised. The current state of Arabisation in commercial library systems is reviewed and areas for further research identified.

Details

Program, vol. 28 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0033-0337

Article
Publication date: 1 August 2003

Maqsood A. Chaudhry and Roland Schinzinger

Finite difference and finite element methods have serious limitations when applied to unbounded regions. This paper describes a hybrid method which uses a conformal transformation…

Abstract

Finite difference and finite element methods have serious limitations when applied to unbounded regions. This paper describes a hybrid method which uses a conformal transformation to map the original boundaries, including those at infinity, to a bounded region and only then applies a numerical method based on finite differences or finite elements when no direct solution is obvious. Testing this approach by means of examples for which exact solutions are obtainable, the hybrid method is applied to determine the electrical potential at specific points in the field of a capacitor with long plates that in their cross‐sectional view are parallel to each other, and in the field of a microstrip line at some distance from it. In both the cases, the results are in agreement with analytically derived results. The method is simple, readily applied by undergraduate students, yet accurate and thus of use in professional engineering work as well.

Details

Microelectronics International, vol. 20 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1356-5362

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 25 January 2013

Naveed Iqbal Chaudhry, Asif Mehmood and Mian Saqib Mehmood

The purpose of this paper is to find out empirically the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth and it will also highlight the relationship…

2588

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to find out empirically the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth and it will also highlight the relationship status between the variables included in the model, either long‐ or short‐run in case of China.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses secondary data obtained from World Development Indicators over the period 1985‐2009, whose viability has also been checked through the World Bank and IFS. An Augmented Dickey‐Fuller (ADF) unit root test is used to estimate an autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) approach to co‐integration as the variables in the model are in I(1) and I(0) form and the Schwarz Bayesian Criterion (SBC) is used in this study to find out the estimated lags of the model, which are ultimately used to find out the short‐ and long‐run relationship of the variables included in the model. The error correction model (ECM) was also applied which basically provides information about the causal factors that may affect the variables included in the model.

Findings

The results provide evidence that there is an empirical relationship among FDI and economic growth. The computed value of F‐statistics is greater than the upper bond value described by Pesaran, M.H. et al., which depicts evidence against the null hypothesis of no effect and hence long‐run relationship among the variables is concluded at bottom line. Empirical evidence reveals that FDI has a positive effect on economic growth. An error correction model (ECM) is applied and the error correction term was negative and significant. This indicates that there exists a relationship between the variables. Diagnostic tests showed a lack of heteroscedisticity, confirming the validity of the model; CUSUM and CUSUMSQ tests were used to reveal the model's stability.

Practical implications

The Government of China should keep keen emphasis on the ingredients of this study so that China could reap maximum share of FDI through the achievement of positive spillovers of foreign investment, which ultimately results in its economic growth. However, the ingredients of this study depict the expenditures on security status, growth options as well as on infrastructure. This study also gives better impending in decision making about FDI in case of China.

Originality/value

This study bridges the gap between theory and practice and proves empirically the relationship between FDI and economic growth through auto regressive distributive lag approach (ARDL) to co‐integration in case of China. This research includes most dominating factors in the model which differentiate it from all previous empirical researches related to FDI's relationship with economic growth. However, this study not only pin points the new dominating factors related to this kind of relationship, but also set up a new horizon in the field of research to get groundbreaking results – in case of other countries – by following the footings set by this research.

Details

China Finance Review International, vol. 3 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2044-1398

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 August 1996

Maqsood A. Chaudhry

The problem of determining the optimal location and length of a slit to obtain a desiredvalue of resistance in polygonal integrated circuit thin‐film resistors prior to laser…

97

Abstract

The problem of determining the optimal location and length of a slit to obtain a desired value of resistance in polygonal integrated circuit thin‐film resistors prior to laser trimming them has applications in IC fabrication technology. The optimal location of the slit can be determined which gives minimum changes in the value of the resistance for small variations in the length of the slit. This can lead to fabrication of highly accurate resistors. Another criterion for optimality can be the location of the slit which will result in the smallest length of the slit. This can lead to a faster and cheaper IC fabrication process. In this paper, the author describes a method of numerical conformal mapping for computing the length of a slit to obtain the desired value of resistance and the near optimal location of the slit when the shape of the polygon is given. Depending upon the optimality criterion chosen, the near optimal location of the slit will either reduce the variations in the value of resistance for small variations in the length of the slit which may be caused by tolerance in the laser trimming system or will give a smaller length of the slit. The extended Schwarz‐Christoffel transformation developed by the author and others will be used when polygons with curved segments are encountered.

Details

Microelectronics International, vol. 13 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1356-5362

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 4 October 2022

Bahadur Ali Soomro, Ummi Naiemah Saraih and Tunku Salha Tunku Ahmad

This study aims to examine the direct and indirect relationships between Personality Traits (PTs) and Conflict Management Styles (CMSs) through Job Performance (JP) in Pakistan.

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to examine the direct and indirect relationships between Personality Traits (PTs) and Conflict Management Styles (CMSs) through Job Performance (JP) in Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a quantitative study that employed a survey questionnaire to collect cross-sectional data from academic leaders of Pakistan's Higher Education Institutes (HEIs). The researchers derived this study's findings from 320 useable responses.

Findings

The authors used a Structural Equation Model (SEM) which shows a positive and significant effect of agreeableness on Integrating Styles (IS), Avoiding Styles (AS), Obliging Styles (OS), Compromising Styles (CS) and Dominating Styles (DS). Extraversion has a positive and significant effect on IS, OS, DS and CS. Emotional Stability (ES) is the positive and significant predictor of IS, AS, OS and CS. The conscientiousness trait has a positive and significant effect in predicting IS, OS, DS, CS and AS. Likewise, openness has a positive and significant effect on IS, OS, DS and CS. On the other hand, extraversion and openness have a negative and insignificant effect on AS. Finally, amongst HEIs' academic leaders ES is the negative and insignificant predictor of DS.

Practical implications

This study's findings offer additional insights into understanding the direct and indirect connections between PTs and CMSs through JP. These support the development of effective policies and organizational arrangements to resolve and manage conflict and employee behaviours. Finally, through another contribution of empirical evidence, these findings further enrich the worth of the literature.

Originality/value

This study’s findings provide both, directly and indirectly, the original contributions of Pakistan’s HEIs’ academic leaders PTs and CMSs.

Details

Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, vol. 15 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2050-7003

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 April 2004

Maqsood A. Chaudhry

Finite difference method (FDM) is a very useful and simple tool in determining electrical potential field of two‐dimensional geometries, such as integrated circuit (IC) planar…

Abstract

Finite difference method (FDM) is a very useful and simple tool in determining electrical potential field of two‐dimensional geometries, such as integrated circuit (IC) planar resistors. It is very accurate and its accuracy can be easily controlled by changing the grid size. One limitation of the FDM, however, is that it computes potentials at predetermined grid points only. Unlike the finite element method (FEM), it does not compute potential functions that can be used to interpolate potentials at the points that are not located at the grid, or to use these functions in determining other quantities based upon the computed potential such as electric field intensity. This paper describes a method that is a combination of the FDM and FEM. It retains the simplicity and accuracy of the FDM. Yet, like the FEM, it provides potential functions that can be used for interpolation and post‐processing of potential. The combined FDM‐FEM method is used to determine the potential functions of an IC planar resistor. The results are in agreement with analytically derived results. The approach we have developed is simple yet accurate and thus of use in professional engineering work.

Details

Microelectronics International, vol. 21 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1356-5362

Keywords

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