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1 – 10 of 472
Article
Publication date: 1 August 1991

K.V.S.N. Raju and M. Yaseen

The objective of this presentation is to correlate the flow properties of a semi and concentrated solution of resin to its critical concentration. Viscosity of resin solution in…

Abstract

The objective of this presentation is to correlate the flow properties of a semi and concentrated solution of resin to its critical concentration. Viscosity of resin solution in various solvents was determined by using Haake rotovisco Searl type rotational viscometer. Values of zero shear viscosity, n0 and infinate shear viscosity, na were calculated by computing the viscosity data in Cross equation. Critical concentration, Ccrit of alkyd resin in individual solvents was derived from the plots of these parameters as function of concentration or weight fraction. The Ccrit values of the resin are found to be of higher order in good solvents and vice versa. There is no effect of shear thinning on critical concentration of the resin in a solvent. the dependence of these parameters on solvency power of solvents for the resin has been used for estimating solubility parameter of alkyd.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 20 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

Article
Publication date: 1 February 1978

R. Vittal Rao and M. Yaseen

Organic Coatings are used for protection of metallic structures from corrosion. However they fail to isolate the substrate from corrosive materials present in the surroundings…

Abstract

Organic Coatings are used for protection of metallic structures from corrosion. However they fail to isolate the substrate from corrosive materials present in the surroundings because the amount of water absorbed in coatings facilitates the movement of corrosive ions and gases through them, which in turn corrode the metal. The present studies illustrate the relative degree of permeation of chloride ions and water vapour through a variety of alkyd coating formulations.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 7 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

Article
Publication date: 1 March 1978

Organic Coatings are used for protection of metallic structures from corrosion. However they fail to isolate the substrate from corrosive materials present in the surroundings…

Abstract

Organic Coatings are used for protection of metallic structures from corrosion. However they fail to isolate the substrate from corrosive materials present in the surroundings because the amount of water absorbed in coatings facilitates the movement of corrosive ions and gases through them, which in turn corrode the metal. The present studies illustrate the relative degree of permeation of chloride ions and water vapour through a variety of alkyd coating formulations.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 25 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

Book part
Publication date: 18 January 2024

Deejaysing Jogee, Manta Devi Nowbuth, Virendra Proag and Jean-Luc Probst

It is now well-established that good water quality is associated with economic prosperity, reduced incidence on public health and the good functioning of the various ecosystems…

Abstract

It is now well-established that good water quality is associated with economic prosperity, reduced incidence on public health and the good functioning of the various ecosystems found in our environment. Water contamination is mostly related to both diffused (agricultural lands and geologic rock degradations) and point sources of pollution. Mauritius has many water resources which depend solely on precipitation for their replenishment. Water parameters which are of relevance include total dissolved solids (TDS), temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, dissolved and particulate organic carbon and major cations and anions. The traditional methods of analysis for these parameters are mostly using electrical and optical methods (probes and sensors in the field), while chemical titrations, Flame AAS and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography techniques are carried out in the laboratory. Image Classification techniques using neural networks can also be used to detect the presence of contaminants in water. In addition to basic water quality parameters, the field sensors range have been extended to cover important major ions and can now be integrated with Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based models for the prediction of variations in water quality to better protect human health and the environment, reduce operation costs of water and wastewater treatment plant unit processes.

Details

Artificial Intelligence, Engineering Systems and Sustainable Development
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83753-540-8

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 11 December 2023

Metin Sürme and Dilara Bahtiyar Sari

Energy use occupies an important place among the service activities offered to tourists that guide the tourism industry. The realization of basic needs such as heating, cooling…

Abstract

Energy use occupies an important place among the service activities offered to tourists that guide the tourism industry. The realization of basic needs such as heating, cooling, ventilation, lighting and decontamination in these enterprises are among the important factors that directly affect energy use. In order to obtain the energy needed for the sustainability of services at a more affordable cost, renewable energy sources should be put into operation. In this direction, it makes it more advantageous for businesses in the tourism sector to invest by turning to renewable energy sources in order to maintain their activities more economically. In this context, the main purpose of the study carried out in this part of the book is to reveal the latest developments in the field of evaluation of renewable energy sources in tourism enterprises. Bibliometric analysis was carried out by using the Web of Science (WoS) database in the research and with the findings obtained, it was concluded that the field is new and up-to-date and needs to be studied more. When looking at the WoS categories of studies titled renewable energy in tourism enterprises; it was concluded that more energy fuel, green sustainable science technology, science themes were given weight. According to the network analysis, the most cited authors and countries' densities were determined and the intensive expressions in the network keywords in their studies titled renewable energy in tourism enterprises are renewable energy, renewable energy sources, sustainable tourism, sustainability, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, green marketing, blue economy, and energy efficiency.

Article
Publication date: 7 February 2022

Muralidhar Vaman Kamath, Shrilaxmi Prashanth, Mithesh Kumar and Adithya Tantri

The compressive strength of concrete depends on many interdependent parameters; its exact prediction is not that simple because of complex processes involved in strength…

Abstract

Purpose

The compressive strength of concrete depends on many interdependent parameters; its exact prediction is not that simple because of complex processes involved in strength development. This study aims to predict the compressive strength of normal concrete and high-performance concrete using four datasets.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, five established individual Machine Learning (ML) regression models have been compared: Decision Regression Tree, Random Forest Regression, Lasso Regression, Ridge Regression and Multiple-Linear regression. Four datasets were studied, two of which are previous research datasets, and two datasets are from the sophisticated lab using five established individual ML regression models.

Findings

The five statistical indicators like coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error, root mean squared error, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency and mean absolute percentage error have been used to compare the performance of the models. The models are further compared using statistical indicators with previous studies. Lastly, to understand the variable effect of the predictor, the sensitivity and parametric analysis were carried out to find the performance of the variable.

Originality/value

The findings of this paper will allow readers to understand the factors involved in identifying the machine learning models and concrete datasets. In so doing, we hope that this research advances the toolset needed to predict compressive strength.

Details

Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , vol. 22 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1726-0531

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 28 September 2021

Mohammed Hamza Momade, Serdar Durdyev, Dave Estrella and Syuhaida Ismail

This study reviews the extent of application of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in the construction industry.

4128

Abstract

Purpose

This study reviews the extent of application of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in the construction industry.

Design/methodology/approach

A thorough literature review (based on 165 articles) was conducted using Elsevier's Scopus due to its simplicity and as it encapsulates an extensive variety of databases to identify the literature related to the scope of the present study.

Findings

The following items were extracted: type of AI tools used, the major purpose of application, the geographical location where the study was conducted and the distribution of studies in terms of the journals they are published by. Based on the review results, the disciplines the AI tools have been used for were classified into eight major areas, such as geotechnical engineering, project management, energy, hydrology, environment and transportation, while construction materials and structural engineering. ANN has been a widely used tool, while the researchers have also used other AI tools, which shows efforts of exploring other tools for better modelling abilities. There is also clear evidence of that studies are now growing from applying a single AI tool to applying hybrid ones to create a comparison and showcase which tool provides a better result in an apple-to-apple scenario.

Practical implications

The findings can be used, not only by the researchers interested in the application of AI tools in construction, but also by the industry practitioners, who are keen to further understand and explore the applications of AI tools in the field.

Originality/value

There are no studies to date which serves as the center point to learn about the different AI tools available and their level of application in different fields of AEC. The study sheds light on various studies, which have used AI in hybrid/evolutionary systems to develop effective and accurate predictive models, to offer researchers and model developers more tools to choose from.

Details

Frontiers in Engineering and Built Environment, vol. 1 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2634-2499

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 15 March 2013

Z.H.Z. Abidin, N.N. Naziron, K.M. Nasir, M.S. Rusli, S.V. Lee, M.Z. Kufian, S.R. Majid, B. Vengadaesvaran, A.K. Arof, R.M. Taha and R. Yahya

The purpose of this work is to investigate the influence of curcumin dye natural colorant on adhesion, mechanical, thermal and electrochemical properties of blend poly (methyl…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this work is to investigate the influence of curcumin dye natural colorant on adhesion, mechanical, thermal and electrochemical properties of blend poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) – acrylic polyol.

Design/methodology/approach

Extracted curcumin yellow dye colorant from Curcuma Demostica was mixed with PMMA‐acrylic polyol blended polymer in the volume ratios of 9:1, 8:2 and 7:3. The mixtures were applied on pre‐treated cold‐roll mild steel panels. All of the paint coating samples were subjected to potential time measurement (PTM), rapid impact deformation, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), cross hatch and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests.

Findings

The addition of curcumin dye colorant was able to improve the adhesion, flexibilities and resistance against electrolytes penetration of the blended poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) – acrylic polyol polymer paint system. Cross hatch test studies showed that high amount of curcumin dye colorant (AP30 paint system) had the lowest peel‐off coating area from the substrate. The FTIR test had confirmed the high concentration of hydroxyl group in the AP30 sample. The hydroxyl group was able to promote hydrogen bonding between coating substrate interface. The AP30 sample had the highest coating flexibilities when tested with rapid impact test. This was due to the lowest glass transition value Tg which indicated lowest cross linking density in the coating molecules structure. In the PTM test, AP30 paint system had shown the highest rate electrolytes penetration within the AP sample.

Research limitations/implications

The composition of curcumin dye colorant in the polymer blend is limited from 10 percent to 30 percent pigment volume concentration. Increasing the amount of lawsone pigment will result inhomogeneous mixtures.

Originality/value

The AP paint system is suitable for interior applications. This paint system has to be mixed with suitable additive materials to improve its performance for exterior purpose.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 42 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 15 December 2023

Xia Sun, Jianben Xu, Caili Yu and Faai Zhang

The purpose of this paper is to synthesize a polyacrylate-based dispersant with a determined target molecular weight for oily systems and to determine the optimal dispersant level…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to synthesize a polyacrylate-based dispersant with a determined target molecular weight for oily systems and to determine the optimal dispersant level and monomer ratio of the dispersant.

Design/methodology/approach

The dispersant was synthesized by conventional radical polymerization using methacrylic acid, butyl acrylate and dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate as the monomer. It was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography and thermogravimetric analysis. The dispersant was used to disperse TiO2, and the performance of the dispersant was evaluated by measuring the viscosity, particle size and dispersive force of the slurry.

Findings

The dispersant exhibited high thermal stability and was successfully anchored to the surface of the TiO2 pigment. When used to disperse a TiO2 slurry, it effectively made the TiO2 slurry more fluid, indicating its strong viscosity-reducing properties. The viscosity, particle sizes and dispersion capabilities of the TiO2 slurry were found to vary depending on the contents and monomer ratios of the dispersant.

Research limitations/implications

P(MAA-BA-DM) dispersant increases the wettability of TiO2 only in oily solvents but not in aqueous solvents.

Practical implications

P(MAA-BA-DM) dispersant makes it easier to disperse TiO2 pigments in oily solvents, increasing the amount of pigment in the solvent and making the preparation of highly pigmented pastes easier.

Originality/value

A dispersant containing suitable carboxyl and tertiary amine groups was initially synthesized to disperse TiO2 in an oily system. The findings are anticipated to be used in the formulation of pigment concentrates, industrial coatings and other solvent-based coatings.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 2 March 2015

H. Abd El-Wahab

This paper aims to report on the synthesis and characterisation of new flame retardants and anticorrosive additives based on Schiff’s base compounds, which were added physically…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to report on the synthesis and characterisation of new flame retardants and anticorrosive additives based on Schiff’s base compounds, which were added physically to organic coating.

Design/methodology/approach

Flame retardants are incorporated into polymeric materials either as additives or as reactive materials. Additive-type flame retardants are widely used by incorporating into polymeric materials by physical means. In this research, Schiff’s base (azomethine) compounds are added physically to alkyd paint as flame-retardant additives. Elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to characterise the structure of the prepared Schiff’s base compounds. Thermal gravimetric analysis was used to evaluate their thermal stability. Experimental coatings were manufactured on a laboratory scale, and then applied by brush on wood and steel panels.

Findings

Results of an oxygen index value indicated that alkyd paints containing Schiff’s base compounds as additives exhibit very good flame-retardant effects. Also the physical, mechanical and corrosion resistance properties were studied to evaluate the drawbacks of the additives. The additives did not affect the flexibility of the paint formula. The gloss and the impact strength were decreased by the additives, but the hardness, adhesion and corrosion resistance were significantly improved by these additives.

Research limitations/implications

Alkyd resins are the most extensively used synthetic polymers in the coating industry. Nitrogen compounds are a small but rapidly growing group of flame retardants which are in the focus of public interest concerning environment-friendly flame retardants. So, the focus of this study is on Schiff’s base compounds as flame retardants and anticorrosive additives for alkyd resins to assess their applicability.

Practical implications

Schiff’s base compounds can be used as new additives in paint formulations to improve the flame-retardant and corrosion properties.

Originality/value

In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the nitrogen-based family of materials because they not only have a wide range of thermal and chemical stabilities, but can also provide improved thermal and flame-retardant properties to polymers. The present paper reports on the synthesis and characterisation of Schiff’s base compounds and their performance in alkyd resin coatings.

Details

Pigment and Resin Technology, vol. 44 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

Keywords

1 – 10 of 472