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Deals with the development of a control system for fabric pick‐and‐place operators based on the Clupicker device. Fabric mechanical properties are analysed for their influence on the motions performed in picking up fabric pieces from a stack. The performance of the picking device on various woven fabrics has been studied. A stepping motor drive to the crank of the Clupicker enabled us to control the normal force applied by the picking wheel on the fabric stack. By controlling the normal force we could make the Clupicker perform well for fabrics with very different properties. A linear regression was found between the minimum normal force required for effective performance of the picker and bending rigidity of the fabric.

The purpose of this paper is to conduct a survey on research in fabric and cloth simulation using mass spring model. Also in this paper some of the common methods in process of fabric simulation in mass spring model are discussed and compared.

This paper reviews and compares presented mesh types in mass spring model, forces applied on model, super elastic effect and ways to settle the super elasticity problem, numerical integration methods for solving equations, collision detection and its response. Some of common methods in fabric simulation are compared to each other. And by using examples of fabric simulation, advantages and limitations of each technique are mentioned.

Mass spring method is a fast and flexible technique with high ability to simulate fabric behavior in real time with different environmental conditions. Mass spring model has more accuracy than geometrical models and also it is faster than other physical modeling.

In the edge of digital, fabric simulation technology has been considered into many fields. 3D fabric simulation is complex and its implementation requires knowledge in different fields such as textile engineering, computer engineering and mechanical engineering. Several methods have been presented for fabric simulation such as physical and geometrical models. Mass spring model, the typical physically based method, is one of the methods for fabric simulation which widely considered by researchers.

Woven and knitted polyester fabrics were pretreated with formulations containing waterborne UV curable resins and silica particles to improve inkjet print quality. The selected formulations were applied with low add-on to reduce the adverse effect on fabric hand without sacrificing the print quality. A print pattern with block areas and lines in cyan, magenta, yellow, and black colors was designed and inkjet printed on the pretreated fabrics with a wide-format inkjet printer (Encad Novajet 750) to investigate the effects of the UV curable pretreatment on the inkjet print color qualities including color depth, color gamut and color lightness.

Experimental results show that both the color depth and gamut of prints on the pretreated taffeta and knitted polyester fabrics were enhanced compared to those on untreated polyester fabrics. However, both the color depth and gamut of the prints on the pretreated satin polyester fabrics were reduced. The lightness change of the inkjet printed colors on pretreated knitted fabrics is similar to that of untreated fabrics whereas the lightness change of prints on pretreated satin and taffeta fabrics shows some differences. All colors have increased lightness on pretreated satin fabrics. However, magenta and black have decreased lightness on the pretreated taffeta fabrics.

The main purpose of a Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) is simultaneously to process parts with small to medium lot sizes and high varieties. The rule despatching problem in a Flexible Manufacturing Cell (FMC) is examined using a simulation model. This is based on an algorithm for dynamically selecting the best despatching rule according to the current system status. Comparison between simulation runs with and without dynamic rule despatching shows that the proposed algorithm gives a better overall performance.

Undesirable effect of asymmetric drape often occurs when cutting patterns of flared skirt on cross. Out of this reason garment seams twist toward the front or back or folds form different shapes on each side of the garment and this lowers garment aesthetic appearance. The new measuring procedure for asymmetric skirt drape near the side seam, based on bottom traces geometry, was developed in this paper. The experiment with four‐gored skirts of six lightweight fabrics was made. It was found that asymmetric drape depends on combination of grain lines directions of front and back panels of a skirt. There were made general conclusions relating skirt asymmetric drape with various fabric characteristics, such as bending rigidity, extensibility, shear rigidity, fabric weight and drape coefficient in this article. According to developed measuring procedure a final objective evaluation of skirt asymmetric drape rate will be done further.

The requirements in CAD modelling of garments are first considered and alternative user interfaces are considered. Features which occur in block patterns and for which accurate simulation is required are identified. An energy based modeller, developed for drape simulation, is introduced and applied to model garment constructional details in fabric test specimens of variable stiffness. The modeller is further applied to garment pieces in contact with a mannequin to compare drape with and without constructional features.

States that there has been considerable interest in recent years over the development of a computer system to provide the garment designer with a 3D design environment. Although the use of such technology is commonplace in many industries, the problems associated with the development of a suitable system for garment design have yet to be fully resolved. Envisages that such a system would provide the tools to develop a 3D simulation of a prototype garment which can be viewed from any angle prior to making a physical sample. This combined with the facility to develop the corresponding 2D pattern shapes and evaluate the fit of the virtual garment make the prospect of such a system extremely enticing. Considers the need for 3D working methods in garment design and the research issues involved in the development of a 3D computer aided design (CAD) system for garment design. The potential features of such a system are introduced in the context of a hypothetical system. Discusses the approach of a number of researchers in the field and considers future developments.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the chemical, optical and photovoltaic properties of titanium dioxide/reduced graphene oxide (TiO₂/rGO) photoanodes immersed in natural Roselle and synthetic (N719) dyes for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) application.

TiO₂ mixed with rGO were doctor-bladed on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate. The chemical and optical properties of TiO₂/rGO photoanodes immersed in Roselle and N719 dyes were characterized using Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopies, respectively. The DSSC’s photovoltaic performances were tested using Visiontec Solar I-V tester at standard illumination of AM1.5 and irradiance level of 100 mW/cm².

The presence of anthocyanin dye from Roselle flower was detected at 604 nm and 718 nm. TiO₂/rGO+Roselle dye sample revealed the smallest energy gap of 0.17 eV for ease of electron movement from valence band to conduction band. The TiO₂/rGO-based DSSC fabricated with Roselle dye had a power conversion efficiency, ƞ of 0.743 per cent higher than TiO₂/rGO photoanode sensitized with N719 dye (0.334 per cent). The obtained J-V curves were analyzed by a single-diode model of Lambert W-function and manual optimization to determine the internal electrical parameters of the DSSC. The average and uncertainty values of J_sc and ƞ were evaluated at different R_sh range of 1362 Ω to 32 k Ω.

R_s values were kept constant during optimization work.

New ideality factor of TiO₂/rGO-based DSSC was re-determined around 0.9995.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the synergistic lubrication of MoS₂ particles with different morphologies.

The synergistic lubrication of MoS₂ particles with different morphologies is evaluated using a four‐fall tribometer in liquid paraffin.

Results show that the morphology of MoS₂ has an influence on the tribological properties of MoS₂. Both MoS₂ nano‐balls and nano‐platelets function as lubrication additives in liquid paraffin better than MoS₂ micro‐platelets do. It is also found that there is a synergistic lubrication between two different morphologies of MoS₂. The composite MoS₂ additives with different morphologies can improve the wear resistance and friction reduction of liquid paraffin more than each of them singly does. The synergistic lubrication between two different MoS₂ morphologies results from the cooperation of their different lubrication mechanism.

The paper reveals a synergistic lubrication between two different MoS₂ structures. It is very advantageous and practical to partly displace nano‐MoS₂ with micro‐MoS₂.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality and sensory properties of cookies produced from wheat flour using avocado puree as fat substitute.

Cookies were produced from wheat flour using avocado puree as fat substitute in ratio 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, respectively. The formulation of margarine and avocado puree blends was done by using D-Optimal Mixture Design. In all, 20 samples were produced from each substitution level and analyses were done in triplicates to obtain mean values using standard methods. Means were separated by Duncan’s multiple range test, and significances were accepted at less than 5% confidence level (p < 0.05). Proximate and functional analyses were conducted on the flour samples, while cookie samples were subjected to proximate and sensory analyses.

The results of this study revealed that the values of loose bulk density, packed bulk density, oil absorption density, water absorption capacity, swelling power, solubility and dispersibility of the flours at p < 0.05 are 0.3–0.4 g/ml, 0.5–0.7 g/ml, 16.9%–94.0%, 39.7%–80.6%, 461.2%–618.2%, 6.0%–29.8% and 69.0%–82.8%, respectively. The moisture, protein, fat, total dietary fiber, total ash and carbohydrate contents of the cookies at p < 0.05 are 3.6%–16.7%, 6.5%–9.9%, 2.5%–19.2%, 1.7%–1.9%, 1.1%–3.0% and 65.0%–70.7%, respectively. The taste, color, crispiness, texture and overall acceptability of the cookies at p < 0.05 are 7.4–7.8, 6.9–7.5, 7.2–7.9, 7.3–7.7 and 7.4–8.3, respectively. The sensory scores showed that panelists preferred the taste, crispiness and texture of the cookies produced from wheat flour using avocado puree as fat substitute at varying proportion. The sensory characteristics of sample WF⁴ (100% avocado puree) were rated overall best in all the parameters tested followed by sample WF³ (75% avocado puree). Hence, this study established the possibility of producing cookies from wheat flour using avocado puree as fat substitute without a negative impact on the sensory characteristics and the consumers’ acceptability.

The cookies produced from this study are not meant for vegetarians because eggs were added in the formulations and recipes but could be valuable to ovo-vegetarians that may take food with eggs without restriction. The major challenge of this study was that avocados are very expensive in much of the world, so this is only suitable and viable where there is an excess of the fruit.

This study examined the use of avocado puree as fat substitute in cookie production. Effects of avocado puree on proximate composition and functionality of cookies produced from wheat flour were also determined. This approach was novel, and it will encourage the use of avocado for value-added in industrial food production.