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Article
Publication date: 23 November 2020

Challenges in abrasive jet machining of fiber-reinforced polymeric composites – a review

S. Madhu and M. Balasubramanian

The purpose of this study is for solving many issues in production that includes processing of complex-shaped profile, machining of high-strength materials, good surface…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is for solving many issues in production that includes processing of complex-shaped profile, machining of high-strength materials, good surface finish with high-level precision and minimization of waste. Among the various advanced machining processes, abrasive jet machining (AJM) is one of the non-traditional machining techniques used for various applications such as polishing, deburring and hole making. Hence, an overview of the investigations done on carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GRFP) composites becomes important.

Design/methodology/approach

Discussion on various approaches to AJM, the effect of process parameters on the glass fiber and carbon fiber polymeric composites are presented. Kerf characteristics, surface roughness and various nozzle design were also discussed.

Findings

It was observed that abrasive jet pressure, stand-off distance, traverse rate, abrasive size, nozzle diameter, angle of attack are the significant process parameters which affect the machining time, material removal rate, top kerf, bottom kerf and kerf angle. When the particle size is maximum, the increased kinetic energy of the particle improves the penetration depth on the CFRP surface. As the abrasive jet pressure is increased, the cutting process is enabled without severe jet deflection which in turn minimizes the waviness pattern, resulting in a decrease of the surface roughness.

Research limitations/implications

The review is limited to glass fiber and carbon fiber polymeric composites.

Practical implications

In many applications, the use of composite has gained wide acceptance. Hence, machining of the composite need for the study also has gained wide acceptance.

Social implications

The usage of composites reduces the usage of very costly materials of high density. The cost of the material also comes down.

Originality/value

This paper is a comprehensive review of machining composite with abrasive jet. The paper covers in detail about machining of only GFRP and CFRP composites with various nozzle designs, unlike many studies which has focused widely on general AJM of various materials.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/WJE-05-2020-0190
ISSN: 1708-5284

Keywords

  • CFRP
  • GFRP
  • AJM
  • Abrasive jet machining
  • Glass
  • Carbon
  • Composites
  • Process parameters
  • delamination

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Article
Publication date: 17 March 2020

Introduction of new surface geometry to join Ti-6Al-4V and SS304L by friction welding

M. Balasubramanian and R. Kumar

In friction welding of dissimilar joint method, few material compositions are not possible to weld effectively. For better dissimilar metal joining in friction welding…

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Abstract

Purpose

In friction welding of dissimilar joint method, few material compositions are not possible to weld effectively. For better dissimilar metal joining in friction welding, the interlayer techniques are used by the third metal to increase the diffusion for suitable metal bonding. The interlayer metals are popularly held by coating, foils, sheet and solid rod form. The coating method needs more care for surface preparation with special coating equipment with high workmanship. In case of foil as intermediate metal, more care is neededfor holding between the metal; most of the time this technique has the possibility of failure by peeling off from the contact surface during high speed rotation with pressure during friction generation.

Design/methodology/approach

In this investigation, a copper coin was machined to a suitable size (transition fit) to suit the recess inside the SS rod. The mating surfaces of Cu coin, SS rod and Ti alloy were machined, polished to mirror finish and handled in friction welding machine. The purpose of the transition fit between the coin and SS rod is for holding the same intact before the beginning of the process.

Findings

Successful joint was achieved with good joint strength at less time. Empirical models were established to fin out the joint strength at any given parameter within the range of investigation

Research limitations/implications

The models developed can be used only within the range of investigation considered for experimentation.

Practical implications

The paper includes implications for the development of a method of joining any dissimilar joints

Originality/value

In this investigation, a copper coin was machined to a suitable size (transition fit) to suit the recess inside the SS rod. The mating surfaces of Cu coin, SS rod and Ti alloy were machined, polished to mirror finish and handled in friction welding machine. The purpose of the transition fit between the coin and SS rod is for holding the same intact before the beginning of the process.

Details

Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures, vol. 16 no. 5
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MMMS-11-2019-0188
ISSN: 1573-6105

Keywords

  • Friction welding
  • Ti-6Al-4V
  • SS304L
  • Copper
  • Design of experiments

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Article
Publication date: 1 October 1999

Galvanic corrosion interactions of zinc and SS.304 in the tropical marine atmosphere of Mandapam

G. Subramanian, S. Palraj and T.M. Balasubramanian

The galvanic corrosion interactions of zinc and SS.304 have been studied in a tropical marine environment over a period of 427 days, under different area ratios. The…

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Abstract

The galvanic corrosion interactions of zinc and SS.304 have been studied in a tropical marine environment over a period of 427 days, under different area ratios. The galvanic interaction of zinc and SS.304 are highlighted in terms of the corrosion rate of zinc or SS.304 resulting from galvanic coupling, and the susceptibility of zinc to pitting due to galvanic corrosion. The galvanic potential and galvanic current of the system are monitored. The corrosion products at the interface of the bimetallic contacts are analysed with XRD technique and the pitting/grooving on zinc resulting from galvanic corrosion is measured using a high resolution microscope. The weathering parameters and environmental pollutants are monitored to give an insight into the possible means of favouring the galvanic interactions. The results of the study are discussed in the light of the above factors towards predicting a mechanism for the galvanic interactions of zinc and SS.304.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 46 no. 5
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00035599910295526
ISSN: 0003-5599

Keywords

  • Corrosion
  • Marine corrosion
  • Marine environment
  • Zinc

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Book part
Publication date: 10 August 2018

Introduction: Contemplating the Connections between Sustainability, Stakeholder Governance, and Corporate Social Responsibility

Sinziana Dorobantu, Ruth V. Aguilera, Jiao Luo and Frances J. Milliken

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Abstract

Details

Sustainability, Stakeholder Governance, and Corporate Social Responsibility
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0742-332220180000038001
ISBN: 978-1-78756-316-2

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Article
Publication date: 2 December 2019

Effect of current pulsing on super 304HCu weld joints

Vinoth Kumar M. and Balasubramanian V.

Super 304HCu super austenitic stainless steel tubes containing 2.3 to 3 (Wt.%) of copper (Cu) is used in superheaters and reheater tubings of nuclear power plants. In…

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Abstract

Purpose

Super 304HCu super austenitic stainless steel tubes containing 2.3 to 3 (Wt.%) of copper (Cu) is used in superheaters and reheater tubings of nuclear power plants. In general, austenitic stainless steels welded by conventional constant current gas tungsten arc welding (CC-GTAW) produce coarse columnar grains, alloy segregation and may result in inferior mechanical properties. Pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding (PC-GTAW) can control the solidification structure by altering the prevailing thermal gradients in the weld pool.

Design/methodology/approach

Super 304HCu tubes of Ø 57.1 mm and the wall thickness of 3.5 mm were autogenously welded using CC and PC-GTAW processes. Joints are characterized using optical microscopy, electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques. Hot tensile properties of the weld joints were evaluated and correlated with their microstructural features.

Findings

Current pulsing in GTAW has resulted in minimal eutectic film segregation, lower volume % of delta ferrite and appreciable improvement in tensile properties than CC-GTAW joints.

Originality/value

The EBSD boundary map and inverse pole orientation map of Super 304HCu weld joints evidence the grain refinement and much frequent high angle grain boundaries achieved using weld current pulsing.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. 16 no. 6
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/WJE-07-2019-0207
ISSN: 1708-5284

Keywords

  • Super 304HCu super austenitic stainless steel
  • Gas tungsten arc welding
  • Pulsed current
  • Hot tensile properties
  • EBSD analysis

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Article
Publication date: 28 May 2020

Prediction of mechanical properties and optimization of process parameters in friction-stir-welded dissimilar aluminium alloys

Senthilnathan T., Sujay Aadithya B. and Balachandar K.

This study aims to predict the mechanical properties such as equivalent tensile strength and micro-hardness of friction-stir-welded dissimilar aluminium alloy plates AA…

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Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to predict the mechanical properties such as equivalent tensile strength and micro-hardness of friction-stir-welded dissimilar aluminium alloy plates AA 6063-O and AA 2014-T6, using artificial neural network (ANN).

Design/methodology/approach

The ANN model used for the experiment was developed through back propagation algorithm. The input parameter of the model consisted of tool rotational speed and weld-traverse speed whereas the output of the model consisted of mechanical properties (tensile strength and hardness) of the joint formed by friction-stir welding (FSW) process. The ANN was trained for 60% of the experimental data. In addition, the impact of the process parameters (tool rotational speed and weld-traverse speed) on the mechanical properties of the joint was determined by Taguchi Grey relational analysis.

Findings

Subsequently, testing and validation of the ANN were done using experimental data, which were not used for training the network. From the experiment, it was inferred that the outcomes of the ANN are in good agreement with the experimental data. The result of the analyses showed that the tool rotational speed has more impact than the weld-traverse speed.

Originality/value

The developed neural network can be used to predict the mechanical properties of the weld. Results indicate that the network prediction is similar to the experiment results. Overall regression value computed for training, validation and testing is greater than 0.9900 for both tensile strength and microhardness. In addition, the percentage error between experimental and predicted values was found to be minimal for the mechanical properties of the weldments. Therefore, it can be concluded that ANN is a potential tool for predicting the mechanical properties of the weld formed by FSW process. Similarly, the results of Taguchi Grey relational analysis can be used to optimize the process parameters of the weld process and it can be applied extensively to ascertain the most prominent factor. The results of which indicates that rotational speed of 1,270 rpm and traverse speed of 30 mm/min are to be the optimized process parameters. The result also shows that tool rotational speed has more impact on the mechanical properties of the weld than that of traverse speed.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. 17 no. 4
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/WJE-01-2020-0019
ISSN: 1708-5284

Keywords

  • Grey relational analysis
  • Artificial neural network (ANN)
  • Dissimilar aluminium alloys
  • Friction-stir welding (FSW)

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Book part
Publication date: 15 July 2020

A Critical Discussion of the Empirical Issues in Employee Mobility Research

Jeongsik (Jay) Lee

The past few decades have witnessed a phenomenal progress in our understanding of employee mobility as a critical driver and consequence of various outcomes for…

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Abstract

The past few decades have witnessed a phenomenal progress in our understanding of employee mobility as a critical driver and consequence of various outcomes for individuals, organizations, industries, and economies. In the process, researchers have tackled several important issues in conducting empirical research on employee mobility. This chapter provides a critical discussion of the extant literature focusing on five broad areas: identification of mobility, timing of mobility, outcomes of mobility and their operationalization, model identification, and other related issues. In doing so, this article identifies some of the empirical choices and methodologies adopted in prior mobility studies, evaluates those practices, and suggests areas of improvements for the practice. It is hoped that future studies will benefit from this chapter's insight by building on the best practices from the literature while continuously and successfully tackling the issues that have been challenging the researchers on this increasingly important topic of scholarly inquiry.

Details

Employee Inter- and Intra-Firm Mobility
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0742-332220200000041005
ISBN: 978-1-78973-550-5

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1995

Corrosion resistance of welded and brazed engineering joints

D. Mukherjee, K. Balamurugan, V. Balamurugan, K. Balasubramanian, E. Kannan and M. Muruganantham

Introduction Welding and brazing fall into the broad category of engineering joints, where the former is a stronger joint than the latter. Nevertheless, both these joints…

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Introduction Welding and brazing fall into the broad category of engineering joints, where the former is a stronger joint than the latter. Nevertheless, both these joints are heterogeneous and are susceptible to environmental effects, in the form of enhanced corrosion, due to their retained residual stresses and matrix heterogeneity. Partial melting, micro structural transformation, diffusional alloy layer formation, etc. are some of the phenomena met within these joints. It is argued that relief of stresses, by heating these joints to appropriate temperatures, which are below the transformation temperature range, may deactivate the stress raiser sites, so that susceptibility to micro galvanic action is considerably reduced. Such treatment may also cause thermally‐activated reorganization of the micro structure, resulting in matrix uniformity. Such structural uniformity and stress matching may pay further for reducing the corrosion loss by reduction of micro‐galvanic action.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 42 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/eb007354
ISSN: 0003-5599

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Book part
Publication date: 7 November 2017

The Servitization of Manufacturing: Why and How

Anna Pistoni and Lucrezia Songini

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Details

Servitization Strategy and Managerial Control
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-351220170000032001
ISBN: 978-1-78714-845-1

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Article
Publication date: 12 February 2018

Characterizing supply chain visibility – a literature review

Sirirat Somapa, Martine Cools and Wout Dullaert

The purpose of this paper is to present a literature review that aims to provide insight into the characteristics and effectiveness of supply chain visibility (SCV), as…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a literature review that aims to provide insight into the characteristics and effectiveness of supply chain visibility (SCV), as well as to identify metrics that capture these aspects in business processes.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic review of the supply chain literature is conducted to identify the characteristics and the effectiveness of SCV. The synthesis of SCV effectiveness and its metrics are based on the process-oriented approach which relates the effectiveness of SCV to improved business performance.

Findings

This study reveals that the characteristics of SCV can be captured in terms of the accessibility, quality, and usefulness of information. The benefits of SCV are found to extend beyond improvements to operational efficiency of business processes or to the strategic competencies of an organization.

Practical implications

This study underlines that clear agreements between all players involved in the SC can help to solve problems caused by information completeness (type and amount of information), and unlock the full potential of SCV projects.

Originality/value

By using a process-oriented approach, this review provides a comprehensive explanation of the functions of SCV, as well as its first-order effects, in terms of automational, informational, and transformational characteristics.

Details

The International Journal of Logistics Management, vol. 29 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLM-06-2016-0150
ISSN: 0957-4093

Keywords

  • Australia
  • Supply chain management
  • Literature review
  • Europe
  • Supply chain visibility
  • North America
  • Information visibility
  • Process-oriented perspective

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