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When the flow in long pipes is considered, the frictional losses occurring before the pipe entry can usually be neglected. If thus an isentropic flow up to the pipe entry were assumed, the Grashof and Zeuner equation (A. 12) could be represented in the ψ—p plane of the dimensionless de Saint Venant and Wantzel equation (A.23). Using the dimensionless equations of Appendix II, the above plane is developed to cover adiabatic flows in general.

THE graphical methods of one‐dimensional gas dynamics are reviewed and developed to obtain a complete representation of adiabatic flow of perfect gases in ducts of constant cross‐section. The dimensionless charts, from which the variation of the state of the gas along the duct axis can be determined, are analysed and the methods of their construction given. The form of the charts depends only on the value of the ratio of specific heats.

The prospects for prosperity and well‐being in the 21st century will depend on leveraging social diversity to encourage technological, economic and social dynamism. A striking confluence of forces over the next twenty years could drive a twofold convergence: first, towards more highly differentiated and complex societies, and second, towards the adoption of a common set of general policy goals that are conducive to both diversity and social sustainability. In the opening decades of the 21st century four simultaneous and powerful societal transformations will give rise to more variety and interdependence: from the uniformity and obedience of the mass‐era to the uniqueness and creativity of a knowledge economy and society; from rigid and isolated command planning to flexible, open and rule‐based markets; from predominantly agricultural structures to industrial urbanization; and lastly, from a relatively fragmented world of autonomous societies and regions to the dense and indispensable interdependencies of an integrated planet. In different ways and in different parts of the world, greater social complexity will in all likelihood accompany these wrenching shifts. Rather than fear this increase in social diversity we should welcome the opportunities for learning and sharing that could bring prosperity and well‐being. Nevertheless, there are risks of heightened conflict due to the possible polarization that frequently accompanies the passing of old social orders and the emergence of new ones. Policy choices will be the determining factor in minimizing this friction and encouraging the potential synergies.

Examines the seventeenth published year of the ITCRR. Runs the whole gamut of textile innovation, research and testing, some of which investigates hitherto untouched aspects. Subjects discussed include cotton fabric processing, asbestos substitutes, textile adjuncts to cardiovascular surgery, wet textile processes, hand evaluation, nanotechnology, thermoplastic composites, robotic ironing, protective clothing (agricultural and industrial), ecological aspects of fibre properties – to name but a few! There would appear to be no limit to the future potential for textile applications.

Examines the sixteenth published year of the ITCRR. Runs the whole gamut of textile innovation, research and testing, some of which investigates hitherto untouched aspects. Subjects discussed include cotton fabric processing, asbestos substitutes, textile adjuncts to cardiovascular surgery, wet textile processes, hand evaluation, nanotechnology, thermoplastic composites, robotic ironing, protective clothing (agricultural and industrial), ecological aspects of fibre properties – to name but a few! There would appear to be no limit to the future potential for textile applications.

Als in den 40er Jahren die Betriebsabrechnung für Hotels propagiert wurde 1), handelte es sich um das Verfahren der Vollkostenrechnung. Damals war praktisch kein anderes Kostenrechnungsverfahren bekannt.

The aim of this paper is to measure the empirical relationship between self‐congruity and game usage and purchase. This is important because it highlights that games affect self concept and the symbolic value that can be obtained from the game. It is aimed to implement this study across four game types.

A total of 493 consumers were surveyed and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling conducted across four game groups to model this same relationship.

It was found that self‐congruity was positively related to game usage and purchase.

Game development for consumers online, on wireless devices and on consoles should place greater emphasis on the practical implications of self‐congruity. Games impact self concept through self‐congruity. So, it is important that marketers understand the potential harm and positive impact of games on the consumers' cognition.

This is the first paper to explore and model self‐congruity and game purchase and usage behaviour. This paper is further unique because it provides results across four games groups: all games representing, followed by the alternative models, Sports/Simulation/Driving, Role‐playing Game (RPG)/Massively Multiplayer Online Role‐playing Game (MMORPG)/Strategy, and Action/Adventure/Fighting,

A generalized time finite element method is considered for time integration of non‐linear equations of motion arising from dynamic problems. A simple three‐time level family of schemes is obtained. Evaluation of the schemes shows that the proposed approach may lead to unconditionally stable algorithms for non‐linear problems. Numerical examples show the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm in comparison to Newmark's average acceleration method and four order accurate explicit algorithm.

Spatial identity is an important constituent of general cultural identity in that it provides its share of continuity, sustainability, character and inertia. The purpose of this paper is to trace spatial identity’s formulation, reflection and perception within the mainstream media. The authors are particularly interested in spatial identity’s general aspect, consisting of architectural and other elements that give spatial character to places, making them both common and recognisable at the same time. The proposed spatial identity presence index is one of the indicators through which stakeholders in cultural heritage management could monitor, and even manage, the public perception of built heritage’s wider context.

The research seeks wider relevance through the development of new methodology that combines web search services, visual data quantification, and data mining methods, and compares this with expert opinion. The research methodology is showcased and established in terms of the connection between the fundamental work in relation to Slovenian architectural landscapes from the pre-internet era and spatial identity’s web reflection as broadcast and collectively co-shaped by the internet-permeated society more than 20 years after the internet’s inception.

The findings indicate that results based on expert opinion and results acquired by counting spatial character carrier elements are aligned.

The introduced index of web-sourced spatial identity presence measures web-projected spatial characteristics in selected settlements. It is applicable in similar cases where the existing body of work on local spatial identity allows it, and can be used for comparative purposes. It also has social, economic and political connotations.

The synchronous failure of conventional policies to achieve “acceptable” levels of employment, growth and price stability has provoked scepticism and led researchers to build up a pantheon of countercyclical credit motives. In this article we focus on Greek employment level, a method to promote employment and an empirical investigation. More specifically, using Greek time‐series data we shall concentrate on employment subsidies whose aim is to endorse labour‐intensive technology in Greek production process