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The case study approach has been widely used in management studies and the social sciences more generally. However, there are still doubts about when and how case studies should be used. This paper aims to discuss this approach, its various uses and applications, in light of epistemological principles, as well as the criteria for rigor and validity.

This paper discusses the various concepts of case and case studies in the methods literature and addresses the different uses of cases in relation to epistemological principles and criteria for rigor and validity.

The use of this research approach can be based on several epistemologies, provided the researcher attends to the internal coherence between method and epistemology, or what the authors call “alignment.”

This study offers a number of implications for the practice of management research, as it shows how the case study approach does not commit the researcher to particular data collection or interpretation methods. Furthermore, the use of cases can be justified according to multiple epistemological orientations.

This study aims to analyse the importance of public and private policies to inclusive, sustainable, cohesive and accessible tourism in Portugal and also to assert tourism activity as a central point for economic, social and environmental development across the country.

This paper is a viewpoint reflection on the design and implementation of the Tourism Strategy 2027.

The importance of joint work to affirm tourism as a hub for economic, social development and environmental impact throughout the territory, positioning Portugal as one of most competitive, inclusive and sustainable destinations worldwide.

Now more than ever, strategic tourism goals are key points in support of innovative, accessible and inclusive tourism, to stimulate data-based decision-making, improve the tourist experience and increase the focus on sustainability.

In this paper, the objectives of the Portuguese tourism strategy 2027 are outlined and a series of unprecedented initiatives are profiled, which aim to provide the destination with highly competitive conditions, to differentiate it from other tourist destinations while increasing its notoriety and competitiveness.

The purpose of this paper is to present the Portuguese REVIVE project, which aims to promote the re-qualification and tourism utilization of a set of national properties with architectural, heritage, historical and cultural value. The purpose is to convert them into economic assets thereby generating employment and wealth throughout the territory.

The main decisions related to the REVIVE program are analyzed and related to the sector’s present performance.

The heritage need for recovery, as well as its return to public enjoyment through a new form of tourist use, was the motto for the construction of the REVIVE Program. Of the 33 properties identified and integrated in the REVIVE program, 17 are located in the countryside. Out of the total,16 properties have already been put to tender, highlighting that 7 contracts have been signed with the contest winners, in an estimated investment of over €50m.

This paper shows how the Portuguese Tourism Strategy 2027 identifies as differentiating assets the history, the culture and the identity of territories and local communities. Among other lines of action, it also highlights the valorization of communities and territories, thereby boosting the economy.

The purpose of this paper is to present the Portuguese Tourism Strategy for 2027.

The main political decisions related to tourism are analysed and are related to the sector’s present performance.

Current tourism results show the sector’s capacity in generating more revenue, more employment and the ability to increasingly spread out the activity throughout the year and across the territory.

This article concludes that there remain some challenges that the tourism sector faces, including the need to minimize the effects of seasonality, increase territorial cohesion, capitalize tourism companies, increase innovation and entrepreneurship, among others. All these are part of the main issues for Portuguese tourism in the next decade.

The purpose of this paper is to provide an historical account of the evolution of the purchasing and supply management (PSM) field from the perspective of resource interfaces between buying firms and their suppliers. This historical account is then used as a platform to develop a framework for understanding of the capabilities required to manage a cluster of resource interfaces.

The paper uses an historical survey of practices and ideas in the PSM field to develop a theoretical argument on capabilities to manage resource interfaces between buying firms and their suppliers.

The paper proposes a framework linking learning, interactive capacity and interactive capability as they evolve through the interplay between resource interface type, organizing principle and technology strategy.

This paper contributes a conceptual framework focussing on the capabilities that underpin the management of individual resource interfaces.

The paper offers the following practical implications: first, the firm needs to consider what type of interface applies in the relationships with its suppliers: second, the firm needs to consider its technological strategy in light of its current supplier interfaces and organizing principles: third, the internal as well as external organizing needs to be aligned with what the firm proposes to achieve from its supplier relationships and be congruent with the interfaces deployed to manage those relationships: fourth, interacting with suppliers is a matter of learning regarding the outcomes of the interaction as well developing interactive capacities and capabilities.

The paper provides a first attempt to go beyond the characterization of individual resource interfaces in buyer-supplier relationships, to look at the capabilities required to manage multiple resource interfaces and the dynamics underpinning paths of development for those capabilities.

This paper proposes a new approach to operations and supply strategy in the light of recent developments in the analysis of the respective roles of products and services in delivering benefits to customers.

Reviews and synthesises concepts from operations management (OM), marketing, economics and related areas. Examples of product and service combinations are considered, drawing attention to the ways in which services may be distinguished from products. An institutional basis for defining services is favoured over IHIP. A corollary of this is how services are made tradable: the modularity theory of the firm is used to do this. The paper then outlines, considers and compares various approaches to the combination of products and services: “service‐dominant logic”, support services, product‐service systems, systems integration, performance‐based logistics, bundling and, finally, the notion of “the offering”.

It is found that the notion of the business model is useful as an integrating concept. This focuses on four areas: network structure, how transactions are made, how revenue models and incentives interact and how capabilities are accessed. Implications for future research in OM are considered.

Hitherto, operations strategy (OS) has concentrated on intra‐firm capabilities, which is only part of one of the four areas identified. Therefore, an extensive agenda for research into inter‐firm capabilities and the other three areas identified is presented.

This is among the first papers in OM to break completely with IHIP as a basis for service definition and to work through the implications for OS. It is also the first to develop systematically an understanding of how the emerging concept of the business model can inform OM.

Compares the different models of behaviour between exportation and internationalisation in an organization. Examines other studies on the subject of export behaviour and looks at the lessons and opportunities which arise from these. Attempts to résumée the different models and studies and also to evaluate their implications for government policy and export management. Proposes these points for further exploration.

Policies aimed at intensifying innovation, and how they relate to industrial activities, is the major theme of this chapter. We build on Industrial Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) studies of innovation, as well as relational approaches to policy studies, to examine the means and goals of innovation policy. From the IMP literature, we take the notion that interaction in business relationships implies continuous learning and adaptations. From this perspective, investments in innovation are marginal in relation to existing patterns of investment, including those in business relationships. From policy studies, we take the view that policymaking and implementation should be treated as sets of interactions, whose outcomes are the effects of multiple and heterogeneous relationships. Based on these principles, we pursue three arguments: (1) Innovations are not primarily effects of innovation policies; (2) Policy-initiated innovation systems, clusters and networks do not necessarily intensify innovation; and (3) Innovation policies and their instruments produce tangible effects, although often in unexpected or unintended ways. We conclude the chapter with suggestions for research and for innovation policymaking.

The paper argues that indirect capabilities – the ability to access other organizations' capabilities – are an important and neglected part of firm strategy in procuring complex performance (PCP) settings, and that this is especially so if these settings are treated as genuinely complex, rather than merely complicated. Elements of indirect capabilities are identified. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

This is a theoretical paper, drawing on complexity notions and Penrose's analysis of endogenous innovation to drive a disequilibrium-oriented discussion of the capabilities required by firms in a PCP setting.

Six inter-related elements of indirect capabilities are proposed and discussed: IT infrastructure, boundary management practices, contracting, interface artefacts, valuing others' capabilities and relating direct to indirect capabilities. These are important in PCP settings and in other operations and supply settings characterised by complexity.

This paper reconsiders the way complexity has been treated in the PCP literature and develops an extended discussion of the notion of indirect capabilities. It potentially provides the basis for an operations and supply strategy more attuned to the demands of shifting inter-organizational networks.