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This paper aims to develop a set of affordable space and dimensional standards for market-driven low-income housing in Indian context for the purpose of mass production using industrialised building system.

For this, the paper first explains the significance of standardisation from the literature and revisits the codes and contemporary practices in industrialised building system (IBS) in India. Next, it undertakes a market survey of ongoing/completed housing projects to study the space/dimensions reflected in the market demand by the people. After considering conditions like modular grid suitability and provisions of code, it identifies a set of dimensional standards of activity spaces, emerging from the market study. It also suggests a framework of modular units showing the incremental attachment possibility for component-based construction using IBS. These standards and design frameworks will make the path for developing various products and components towards an open system in India.

The paper gives an insight of the market trends of low-income housing, focusing on unit designs and spatial elements.

Local contextualisation during the unit designs will be required and that is not addressed in this paper.

This will benefit developers, manufacturers, designers as well as policymakers towards a market-driven housing delivery using IBS.

As a result of this standardisation, housing delivery will be faster and there will be more numbers of market-driven affordable housing in masses for low-income people, thus solving housing shortage.

A developing country like India is a diversified country having many geographical and social variations. Such standardisation for a space and design framework has never been attempted before and will make a contribution for the public housing sector.

The purpose of this paper is to provide affordable housing to low- and middle-income groups. The gravity of India’s housing affordability problem has led us to study and analyse the attributes hindering affordable housing for economically weaker section (EWS) and low-income group (LIG). The attributes such as viable parameters, economic parameters, location and communication, regulatory, source of finance, construction, services and infrastructure parameters affect the supply and demand of affordable housing in Indian urban areas for EWS and LIG with an annual household income below 2 lakhs.

The judgement sampling is used amongst housing and planning professionals working in five different sectors, including local authorities, housing developers, housing sectors, town planning and property/affordable housing consultant. The Analytical hierarchy process method of multi-criteria decision-making was used to analyse the data collected.

A detailed analysis of the data collected reveals that a viable parameter is the most governing attribute in the supply and demand process of developing affordable housing. Major reforms can be implemented at various levels of housing development in the urban area that can help in reducing the affordability gap for EWS/LIG. The suggested approach will be helpful for developers, urban planners and decision makers while designing an affordable housing project.

The model being proposed in this paper seeks for a proficient allotment of policies and assets, to some extent, by remedying the current market distortions and different inconsistencies that negatively influence the incentive structure of the affordable housing section in India. This paper offers a plan for a housing procedure that is applicable to all measurements of housing poverty and the groups that sustain it. In this way, the current study is, to a greater extent, a facilitator, and not an immediate solution of affordable housing.

Access to housing remains high on the agenda of the governments in the developing countries. One of the responses to low income housing access is by making the housing finance conduits reachable to the poor. But is this objective really achieved? The purpose of the research paper is to evaluate the access of formal housing finance specifically in the context of the urban poor in India.

The purpose of the research is achieved by conducting a review into the available literature as well as drawing inferences from data in order to support the argument that the formal housing finance structures in India are failing to deliver to a majority of the population and primarily the urban poor when it comes to providing access to equitable housing. The paper uses qualitative method of research and analysis and presents the analysis in a descriptive approach.

Based upon a comprehensive review of literature in terms of work of other authors, reports and documents, the paper generates evidence and critically examines the context of housing finance provision for the urban poor in India. It is found that the housing finance set‐up favours the higher income groups and sidelines the low income groups, largely due to the prerequisites for accessing housing finance.

The research is perceived to be useful to policymakers and government organizations engaged in social housing to reflect on the fact that despite efforts, the outreach of finance is not adequate. It shall motivate them to re‐examine their credit policies and devise innovative mechanisms for housing finance delivery to the low income groups.

The paper presents a thorough and critical review of the housing finance structure with focus on the urban poor using current trends. It reflects on the issues and evidence so generated during research. The paper shall be useful to researchers in social housing and housing finance as well as decision makers in the Government in India and as a reference case for other countries in the developing world.

In 2000, Federal Ministry of the Federal Capital Territory (MFCT), Abuja launched a mass housing scheme (MHS) under the platform of a public-private partnership (PPP). This paper reports an evaluation of this reform in order to understand the scheme's impact on the cohort of low-income group (LIG) in Abuja, Nigeria. The study explores the multiple data sources available, including literature and policy material and empirical evidence collected through structured and semi-structured questionnaires. The findings of the study suggest that the scheme did not significantly improve the housing status of LIG. The research suggests that the cohorts' history of exclusion in housing delivery in the Abuja deepened further due to partly an inadequate mortgage infrastructure to support their participation. Moreover, with poor scheme implementation, it is clear that the scheme strengthened the polarised position of the Abuja with respect to housing which runs counter to the stated policy objective to provide all Nigerians with decent and affordable housing. The paper concludes by showing the wider implication of the contemporary approach of the housing strategy in Abuja and Nigeria in general.

This paper aims to focus on the housing situation in Indian cities and the various stakeholders involved in the housing sector. This study addresses the conflict in expectations of the supply and demand side of the housing and establishes the factors crucial to making housing successful for all the stakeholders, essential for sustainable urban development.

This paper is developed using the content analysis of preceding independent reviews on housing sustainability by authors across the globe, a review of the current housing situation in Indian cities and a Pilot study of the desired qualitative aspects of housing by the consumer group.

This paper identifies the challenges and constraints of the various stakeholders involved in the housing sector. A comprehensive list of all the parameters, both qualitative and quantitative, essential for successful housing implementation, focused on the preferences of the demand side, also referred to as the “Critical Success Factors (CSFs)” is generated. The results advocate a strict consideration and integration of these CSFs with the housing policies for all future housing projects.

Most of the studies conducted in the past have reviewed the housing situation in India from the perspective of the government authorities and the initiatives undertaken by them to improve the housing crisis. However, a gap exists in achieving a balanced understanding of the supply-side constraints, with the demand-side expectations from the housing. Focusing only on the supply without adequately understanding the consumption can only lead to further chaos in the already turbulent housing situation.

To the best of author’s knowledge, this is among the first attempts to address the housing scenario in urban centers of India, simultaneously from the perspective of both the demand side and the supply side of the housing, giving additional impetus to the expectations of the demand side which are often ignored. This study becomes more relevant in the ongoing pandemic situation to be able to provide appropriate and acceptable housing solutions to all.

The COVID-19 impact across major sectors did not exempt the low-cost housing (LCH) sub-sector. This may have increased the existing LCH demand-supply gap, especially in developing countries such as Malaysia. Studies showed that government policy (GP) aids in mitigating COVID-19 impact on goods and services, including housing-related issues. However, there is an academic literature scarcity regarding GP on LCH demand-supply gap during the COVID-19 crisis in Malaysia. Hence, this study aims to investigate the moderating effect of GP on the relationship between LCH demand-supply gap and COVID-19 impact in Malaysia.

The research utilised a quantitative method in collating the data from four major cities in Malaysia. SmartPLS was utilised to analyse the usable 305 questionnaires retrieved from respondents. Structuralist Theory supported the developed framework.

Findings show that GP moderates the relationships between the LCH demand-supply gap and COVID-19 impact on Malaysia's low-income groups' (LIGs) homeownership delivery. It implies that the study's findings provide more understanding of issues influencing LCH demand-supply gap in the COVID-19 era via applying GP to mitigate the gap and improve homeownership for the disadvantaged.

The study intends to stir policymakers toward formulating policies and programmes that will mitigate LCH demand-supply gap during the present and future pandemics.

Besides the theoretical value of the developed model, policymakers can use the study's recommendations to mitigate future LCH demand-supply gaps during pandemics in developing countries using Malaysia as a case study.

Numerous studies to date have demonstrated the public-private partnership (PPP) project procurement method's failure to deliver low-cost housing (LCH) to low-income groups (LIGs) in developing countries. The purpose of this paper is to investigate critical failure factors (CFFs), and how they cause the failure of PPP-LCH program.

Grounded Theory methodology was used to gather and analyze the data in order to identify, categorize, and develop the logically causal relationships among CFFs that cause PPP-LCH program failure.

Ten CFFs in various phases of PPP-LCH project life cycle caused PPP-LCH program failure. Some CFFs resulted from ineffective PPP policy and strategy, while some were beyond the control of the project/program management team. These CFFs were inter-/intra-related to one another in a particular way.

Despite the increase in PPP-LCH projects/programs for LIGs in practice and the prevalence of failure, the studies of PPP-LCH project/program failure still suffer from insufficient conceptual clarity about the causes of these failures. The lessons learned, to some extent, help decision makers in both public and private sectors to reduce the probability of the PPP-LCH project/program failure by clearly explaining the nature of each CFF.

Since 1991 with the advent of globalization and economic liberalisation, basic conceptual and discursive changes are taking place in housing sector in India. The new changes suggest how housing affordability, quality and lifestyles reality is shifting for various segments of the population. Such shift not only reflects structural patterns but also stimulates an ongoing transition process. The paper highlights a twin impetus that continue to shape the ongoing transition: expanding middle class and their wealth - a category with distinctive lifestyles, desires and habits and corresponding ‘market defining’ of affordable housing standards - to articulate function of housing as a conceptualization of social reality in modern India. The paper highlights the contradictions and paradoxes, and the manner in which the concept of affordability, quality and lifestyles are embedded in both discourse and practice in India. The housing ‘dream’ currently being packaged and fed through to the middle class population has an upper middle class bias and is set to alienate those at the lower end of the middle-and low-income population. In the context of growing agreement and inevitability of market provision of ‘affordable housing’, the unbridled ‘market-defining’ of housing quality and lifestyles must be checked.