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To report and analyze transaction data over a four‐year period for patron‐initiated borrowing via the Cascade union catalog as well as transaction data for traditional ILL in a consortium of six academic libraries in Washington State.

Transaction data for patron‐initiated borrowing via the Cascade union catalog were gathered from statistics produced by the Inn‐Reach software. Data for ILL were collected via a survey of libraries’ staff. Data for returnables and copies were analyzed at the consortium and institutional level.

In the third year of patron‐initiated borrowing, traditional ILL transactions for returnables had decreased 21 per cent consortium‐wide, the total number of transactions for returnables had increased 271.9 per cent, and the transactions for copies remained steady. Although the borrowing and lending patterns at the six libraries varied, each loaned and borrowed more returnables via patron‐initiated borrowing than via traditional ILL.

This study describes activity at a single consortium of only six libraries. Since the Cascade libraries have now merged into a larger consortium, the Orbis Cascade Alliance, it would be interesting to collect and analyze new data from the larger group to see if patterns have changed.

The increased volume of returnables delivered to users in this consortium suggests that patron‐initiated borrowing is an effective method for resource sharing. Traditional ILL remains a necessary alternative for copies and books not available within the consortium.

This is the first study to examine consortium‐wide transaction data for both patron‐initiated borrowing and traditional interlibrary loan for a sustained period of time.

The paper seeks to focus on the causes of the recent subprime lending crisis in the US residential property market.

The paper reviews the present situation.

A number of causes for the crisis are shown, including the fragmented structure of the real estate settlement process, and the various people involved in real estate closings who operate under different regulatory and supervisory regimes with varying intensities of enforcement effort. This fragmentation makes it difficult to regulate the conduct of real estate industry insiders. Fragmented regulation also provides opportunities for swindlers, con‐artists, and fraudsters.

The paper makes a case for a meaningful regulatory reform, namely mandatory fraud reporting by all those involved in residential real estate closings and settlements.

The purpose of the chapter is to engage with the relationship between the gift and the market in the context of philanthropic micro-lending. We seek to move beyond theorizing separate, ex-ante gift or market regimes and transactors who independently navigate between oppositional modes of transaction.

We turn to recent efforts of hybridizing charity and venture finance, exemplified by microfinance platforms such as Kiva.org. We combine data from an existing study of Kiva and its online community, with additional participant observation and third-party accounts detailing the evolution and workings of microfinance.

We illustrate how market-like elements are productively and problematically deployed in philanthropic giving and address the need to consider a broader range of socio-material relations involved in the framing of transactions.

A complex network of actors and (trans)actions needs to be assembled for the philanthropic loan to be enacted. We touch upon the making and role of the socio-material devices that actively participate in such enactment only tangentially. Further research is needed to flesh out the respective transaction complex, taking additional note of the work of borrowers, local loan officers, and other less visible actors.

Organizations need to recognize and creatively address the complex interplay of gift and market elements. They need to pay attention and take advantage of the tensions and synergies emergent in hybrid gift-market contexts.

We engage with a complex, less studied transaction context. The chapter shows that philanthropic gift relations can be reproduced through market-like elements and arrangements. Such production entails complex socio-material networks mobilizing a broad array of human and nonhuman actors.

The German banking sector has recently been facing high real estate loan default rates resulting in the accumulation of a high volume of distressed real estate debt in the banks' balance sheets. As a consequence, German banks are confronted with the workout of their non‐ and sub‐performing real estate loans to proactively solve the problem. When doing so, banks have to decide whether they want to conduct the loan workout in their own workout departments (integrative approach) or whether they prefer to outsource the workout to a third party servicer or even sell their bad loan exposure to an external investor (disintegrative approach). This paper aims to investigate this issue.

A bank's decision to employ an integrative or a disintegrative approach can be transferred into a make‐or buy‐decision as described by the transaction cost economics. The transaction between the bank and the workout manager is analysed by the transaction characteristics of the transaction cost economics. The specificity of the human capital required for the loan workout of real estate loans is a key consideration for answering the question of integration or disintegration. Assuming highly specific investments for both, the workout manager and the bank, a formal model compares the aggregated pay offs for the bank and the workout manager to determine the optimal control structure for the specific assets.

Following the assumptions of the transaction cost economics, the specificity of the investment of the workout manager (and also the bank) is crucial for the decision of integrating or disintegrating the workout of real estate loans. The degree of specificity required to perform the workout tasks depends on the status of underlying credit engagement and the characteristics of the collateral (the real estate). The formal analysis shows that the bank and the workout manager both under‐invest in integration and disintegration scenarios. However, if the degree of specificity of the investments is equal, nonintegration is superior to integration. Forward integration is superior to nonintegration, if the bank's investment is more specific than the workout manager's investment.

This research paper approaches the problematic from an academic stand point, integrating both the banking and the real estate perspective and aims to provide a recommendation for banks on the integration or disintegration of the workout unit for a certain real estate secured loan portfolio.

This study aims to analyze and predict a user’s behavior and create recommender systems in libraries and information centers, using data mining techniques.

The present study is an analytical survey study of cross-sectional type. The required data for this study were collected from the transactions of the users of libraries and information centers in Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Using data mining techniques, the existing patterns were investigated, and users’ loan transactions were analyzed.

The findings showed that the association rules with the degree of confidence above 0.50 were able to determine user access patterns. Furthermore, among the decision tree algorithms, the C.05 predicted the loan period, referrals and users’ delay with the highest accuracy (i.e. 90.1). The other findings on feedforward neural network with R = 0.99 showed that the predicted results of neural network computation were very close to the real situation and had a proper estimation of user’s delay prediction. Finally, the clustering technique with the k-means algorithm predicted users’ behavior model regarding their loyalty.

The results of this study can lead to providing effective services and improve the quality of interaction between librarians and users and provide a good opportunity for managers to align supply of information resources with the real needs of users.

The results of the study showed that various data mining techniques are applicable with high efficiency and accuracy in analyzing library and information centers data and can be used to predict a user’s behavior and create recommendation systems.

This paper aims to compare the rebate computation in Islamic sale-based financing contracts as proposed by Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) in its guidelines on ibrāʾ (rebate) – with the rebate computation in conventional finance that is applicable to conventional loans, thus examining if there is a significant difference between the two approaches.

The paper employs the qualitative analysis method, involving review and discussion of relevant literature. Subsequently, a quantitative analysis is utilized to compare both rebate computations: the one proposed by BNM for Islamic sale-based financing contracts and the conventional finance computation that is utilized in conventional loans.

BNM's rebate computation for debts resulting from sale-based financing contracts does not differ from the conventional finance rebate computation applied to conventional loans; such similarity may raise the usury concerns that the conventional finance rebate computation raises.

The paper focuses only on the fixed profit rate rebate computation proposed by BNM guidelines.

The results highlight the need for seeking another rebate computation to be applied in Islamic financial institutions in the case of mandatory bilateral rebate for sale-based financing contracts – a computation that differs from the practice utilized in conventional loans in order to avoid any usury implications associated with conventional finance computation.

The paper examines the rebate practice proposed by BNM for sale-based financing contracts. Forcing a predetermined rebate computation in sale-based financing contracts could be plausible as BNM requires; however, the suggested computation might be questionable because it resembles conventional finance computation.

Following a seven year period in which there were two general elections, three Companies Bills and various amendments, together with much debate, the Companies Act 1980 finally received the Royal Assent on 1 May 1980. One of the principal reasons for this Act is that it forms the first stage towards the harmonisation of UK company law with that of other member countries of the European Economic Community. In addition to the implementation of the EEC Second Directive on Company Law (Parts I, II and III of the Act), the Act also contains some other quite significant and important changes in UK company law dealing with the conduct of directors (Part IV of the Act) and insider dealing (Part V of the Act). (See Box A).

To alert lenders, broker-dealers and municipal advisors to a joint regulatory notice from the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board (“MSRB”) and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) regarding direct purchase or “bank loan” transactions.

Explains the MSRB and FINRA notice, why the notice was issued, what lenders should know about the notice, what broker-dealers and municipal advisors should know about the notice, and what MSRB rules could apply to bank loans.

Firms should determine whether state and local government obligations acquired through bank loan transactions constitute municipal securities for federal securities law purposes.

Review of a recently issued regulatory notice by experienced municipal securities lawyers.

The purpose of this study is to determine the impacts of related party transactions on the performance of Islamic banks in Pakistan. In addition, this study aims to determine whether corporate governance mechanisms enhance company performance and mitigate agency problems associated with related party transactions in the Islamic banks.

Sample includes all Islamic banks domiciled in Pakistan from 2017 to 2021. To run the regression models, the regression assumptions about normality, heteroskedasticity, autocorrelation and multicollinearity are determined.

This study finds that institutional ownership has a significant impact on mitigating agency problems associated with tunneling. Related party borrowings indicate expropriation and conflict of interest, whereas related party revenues indicate propping and efficient transactions.

This study uses data from all Islamic banks and specialized Islamic branches working in Pakistan. In the future, data of other institutions offering Islamic finance in Pakistan and in other emerging economies can be used to determine the role of related party transactions.

A thorough understanding of related party interrelationships in the Islamic banking system is essential, as these transactions can result in either the creation of wealth or the destruction of wealth. It is also necessary to determine the type of transactions that ultimately benefit Islamic investors.

The impacts of different related party transactions (in terms of cash inflows and outflows) of Islamic banks are investigated. Prior studies generally look at the impact of related party transactions on firm performance in totality.

VINE is produced at least four times a year with the object of providing up‐to‐date news of work being done in the automation of library housekeeping processes, principally in the UK. It is edited and substantially written by Tony McSean, Information Officer for Library Automation based in Southampton University Library and supported by a grant from the British Library Research and Development Department. Copyright for VINE articles rests with the British Library Board, but opinions expressed in VINE do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the British Library. The subscription to VINE is £10 per year and the subscription period runs from January to December.