Search results

1 – 10 of 81
Article
Publication date: 8 August 2016

Skender Buci and Agim Kukeli

The purpose of this paper is to assess the survival probability among patients with liver trauma injury using the anatomical and psychological scores of conditions…

677

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to assess the survival probability among patients with liver trauma injury using the anatomical and psychological scores of conditions, characteristics and treatment modes.

Design/methodology/approach

A logistic model is used to estimate 173 patients’ survival probability. Data are taken from patient records. Only emergency room patients admitted to University Hospital of Trauma (former Military Hospital) in Tirana are included. Data are recorded anonymously, preserving the patients’ privacy.

Findings

When correctly predicted, the logistic models show that survival probability varies from 70.5 percent up to 95.4 percent. The degree of trauma injury, trauma with liver and other organs, total days the patient was hospitalized, and treatment method (conservative vs intervention) are statistically important in explaining survival probability.

Practical implications

The study gives patients, their relatives and physicians ample and sound information they can use to predict survival chances, the best treatment and resource management.

Originality/value

This study, which has not been done previously, explores survival probability, success probability for conservative and non-conservative treatment, and success probability for single vs multiple injuries from liver trauma.

Details

International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, vol. 29 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0952-6862

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 7 January 2019

Cheryl A. Utley, Festus E. Obiakor and Sunday Obi

Young children under the age of five are particularly overrepresented in traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to accidents and falls. To remediate the problems, confronting young…

Abstract

Young children under the age of five are particularly overrepresented in traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to accidents and falls. To remediate the problems, confronting young children with TBI, is critical that they are introduced to opportunities to be placed in general education classrooms at the earliest possible point. The purposes of this chapter are to (1) describe causes, symptoms, and challenges following TBI (e.g., physical, emotional, and cognitive difficulties), (2) distinguish mild TBI (MTBI) from other mild categories of disability, (3) identify classroom interventions and strategies, and (4) identify parenting strategies that may provide essential support for them in adjusting to and managing their young child’s difficulties.

Details

Special Education for Young Learners with Disabilities
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78756-041-3

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 28 September 2020

Roksana Badruddoja

Purpose – In this chapter, I set out to unexcise the messiness of maternalisms and disparities in women's health care by addressing narratives about reproductive trauma. I ask…

Abstract

Purpose – In this chapter, I set out to unexcise the messiness of maternalisms and disparities in women's health care by addressing narratives about reproductive trauma. I ask, what might it mean to analyze the interaction between the medical industrial complex and women who experience reproductive trauma as a social practice, one that is constitutive of gender socialization and the medicalization of women's bodies in the American nation-state? I accomplish responding to the question by addressing a vastly underresearched and underaddressed pregnancy complication Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG).

Methodology/Approach – First, I thread posts from supportive online reproductive trauma forums to weave thematic narratives about and the impacts of HG. Next, I review biomedical literature in order to probe potential etiology. Third, I share my debilitating experiences with HG – reproductive traumas – to interrogate dominant androcentric biomedical discourse of pregnancy culture, maternalisms, maternal ideology, and epistemic violence.

Findings – Our knowledge about HG continues to be murky and unresolved, leaving many pregnant people – namely women – untreated.

Research limitations/implications – I call on the absence of contemporary protective sociocultural structures that provide support and care – gendered health-care disparities – for women during pregnancy, labor and delivery, and postpartum in order to advocate reproductive trauma is a viable and normal expression in the context of misogynist social scripts.

Originality/Value of the Chapter – My hope is to raise the volume on narratives of pregnancy trauma and reproductive experience using HG as a case study and my intention is to argue gender is a salient factor in health-care disparities.

Details

Race, Ethnicity, Gender and Other Social Characteristics as Factors in Health and Health Care Disparities
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83982-798-3

Keywords

Open Access
Book part
Publication date: 4 October 2023

Pia Rockhold

Based on an extensive literature review, this chapter outlines key developments in global health and research during the last century with focus on the emergence of violence and…

Abstract

Based on an extensive literature review, this chapter outlines key developments in global health and research during the last century with focus on the emergence of violence and child maltreatment as international public health priorities. Violence has been known to humans for millennia, but only in the late 1990s was it recognised as a global public health issue. Every year, an estimated 1 billion children are exposed to trauma, loss, abuse and neglect. Child maltreatment takes a social and economic toll on countries. Research initiated in 1985 found child maltreatment to be associated with increased disease, disability and premature death in adult survivors. The global availability of data on child maltreatment is, however, sporadic with low validity and reliability. Few global experts have consulted and involved the survivors of child maltreatment, as the experts by experience, in their attempts to provide a more comprehensive picture of reality. Youth and adult survivors of child maltreatment are often traumatised by the experience, and it is important to use trauma-informed approaches to prevent re-traumatisation. Participatory and inclusive research on child maltreatment is only in its infancy. There is a need for more inclusive research, designed by survivors for survivors, hereby strengthening local capacity building and informing policymakers from the bottom up. This chapter reviews lessons learnt and provides recommendations for how to enhance the participation and inclusion of the experts by experience in research on child maltreatment.

Details

Participatory Research on Child Maltreatment with Children and Adult Survivors
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80455-529-3

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 26 June 2019

Michal Frivaldsky, Miroslav Pavelek, Pavol Spanik, Dagmar Faktorova and Gabriela Spanikova

The purpose of this paper is to study the performance of the approximated model of biological tissue for development of complex 3 D models. The comparison of results from the…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the performance of the approximated model of biological tissue for development of complex 3 D models. The comparison of results from the complex model of liver tissue and results from the approximated model is provided to validate the proposed approximation method.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed model of hepatic tissue (respecting its heterogeneous character up to the microstructure of hepatic lobules) is used for analysis of current field distribution within this tissue. Initially, the complex model of tissue structure (respecting the heterogenous structure) is presented, considering its complicated structure. Consequently, the procedure for the approximation of a complex model is being described. The main motivation is the need for simple, fast and accurate simulation model, which can be consequently used within more complex modeling of human organs for investigation of negative impacts of electrosurgical equipment on heterogenic tissue structure. For these purposes, the complex and approximated model are mutually compared and evaluated.

Findings

The obtained results are exploitable for the analysis of the probability of injury formation in sensitive tissue structures, and the approximated model shall serve for optimization of complex and time-consuming analyses.

Research limitations/implications

Research limitations include development of precise and fast electro-magnetic simulation model of biological tissue.

Practical implications

Practical implications is focused on the optimization processes of the electro-surgical procedures.

Originality/value

The originality of the paper concerns the approximation method of organic tissue modeling.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 38 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 28 April 2022

Daryl Mahon

In this chapter, an overview of the trauma-informed approach is described. The background and context to trauma, its impact on the person, and organisational responses are

Abstract

In this chapter, an overview of the trauma-informed approach is described. The background and context to trauma, its impact on the person, and organisational responses are considered. More specifically, I distinguish between trauma specific and non-specific organisations by defining the characteristic of each. This chapter sets the tone for the remainder of the book by introducing a conceptual model for both specific and non-specific trauma organisations. In order to do this, I outline the differential components that are deemed necessary for organisations to be trauma-responsive; in doing so, I introduce the Trauma Ecology Model to the literature, outlining its various components.

Details

Trauma-Responsive Organisations: The Trauma Ecology Model
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80382-429-1

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 28 April 2010

Keith Jenkins and Louise Birkett‐Swan

This paper sets out to provide a brief guide to brain function and the main causes of brain dysfunction likely to be encountered in social care and neurodisability practice. For…

Abstract

This paper sets out to provide a brief guide to brain function and the main causes of brain dysfunction likely to be encountered in social care and neurodisability practice. For the first issue of Social Care and Neurodisability, it was felt that such an overview paper serving both as a self‐contained aide memoire, and as a ‘signpost’ for other relevant resources, would be a useful tool to sit alongside any subsequent articles published in the Journal and provide some relevant brain function context. We have drawn on clinical experience, key references and the growing area of internet‐based resources in order to provide what is hopefully an accessible paper in the spirit of the ubiquitous ‘Made Simple’ series.

Details

Social Care and Neurodisability, vol. 1 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2042-0919

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 28 August 2007

Gary M. Vilke and Theodore C. Chan

Less lethal weapons have become a critical tool for law enforcement when confronting dangerous, combative individuals in the field. The purpose of this paper is to review the…

3305

Abstract

Purpose

Less lethal weapons have become a critical tool for law enforcement when confronting dangerous, combative individuals in the field. The purpose of this paper is to review the medical aspects and implications of three different types of less lethal weapons.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper conducted a comprehensive medical literature review on blunt projectiles, irritant sprays including oleoresin capsicum (OC), and conducted energy devices such as the Taser™. It reviews the history, mechanisms of action, intended and other physiologic effects, and medical safety risks and precautions of these devices. In particular, the paper focuses on the issue of sudden in‐custody death and less lethal weapons, reviewing case reports, animal research and human investigative studies on this topic.

Findings

In general, these three different types of less lethal weapons have been effective for their intended use. Each type of less lethal weapon has a number of physiologic effects and specific medical issues that must be considered when the weapon is used. There is no clear evidence that these devices are inherently lethal, nor is there good evidence to suggest a causal link between sudden in‐custody death and the use of irritant sprays or conducted energy devices.

Originality/value

While further research on the physiologic effects of these devices is needed, this paper provides law enforcement with a medical review of less lethal weapons including blunt projectiles, irritant sprays such as OC, and conducted energy devices such as the Taser.

Details

Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, vol. 30 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1363-951X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 8 October 2018

Rami A. Ahmed, Patrick G. Hughes, Ambrose H. Wong, Kaley M. Gray, Brad D. Gable, Derek Ballas, Ahmad Khobrani, Robert D. Selley and Colleen McQuown

The purpose of this paper is to provide a consolidated reference for the acute management of selected iatrogenic procedural injuries occurring in the emergency department (ED).

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide a consolidated reference for the acute management of selected iatrogenic procedural injuries occurring in the emergency department (ED).

Design/methodology/approach

A literature search was performed utilizing PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar for studies through March of 2017 investigating search terms “iatrogenic procedure complications,” “error management” and “procedure complications,” in addition to the search terms reflecting case reports involving the eight below listed procedure complications.

Findings

This may be particularly helpful to academic faculty who supervise physicians in training who present a higher risk to cause such injuries.

Originality/value

Emergent procedures performed in the ED present a higher risk for iatrogenic injury than in more controlled settings. Many physicians are taught error-avoidance rather than how to handle errors when learning procedures. There is currently very limited literature on the error management of iatrogenic procedure complications in the ED.

Details

International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, vol. 31 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0952-6862

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 16 November 2022

Nadeem Rais, Akash Ved, Mohd. Shadab, Rizwan Ahmad and Mohammad Shahid

Taurine (2-aminoethane sulfonic acid; C2H7NO3S) is a nonprotein sulfur-containing β-amino acid present in nearly all mammalian tissues and the most ubiquitous free endogenous…

3794

Abstract

Purpose

Taurine (2-aminoethane sulfonic acid; C2H7NO3S) is a nonprotein sulfur-containing β-amino acid present in nearly all mammalian tissues and the most ubiquitous free endogenous biomolecule in human cells. Taurine is commonly known as a conditionally essential amino acid because taurine is one of the few amino acids that are not incorporated in protein synthesis. The purpose of this study is to review the existing articles related to taurine and to give an account how useful is taurine to the different body systems. In this thorough overview, taurine is covered in terms of its essentiality, sources, advantages for neonates and the elderly, the effects of taurine deficiency, and the safety and toxicity of taurine supplements.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a narrative review into the subject matter. Published articles were searched on different portals like PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubChem etc. The authors also evaluated the availability of taurine in commercially available energy drinks.

Findings

This comprehensive review, presents the potential clinical benefits and functional properties of taurine as a conditionally essential amino acid. Energy drinks containing taurine (and their concentration) are also reported in this review.

Originality/value

This is the first data that the authors are aware of that shows taurine content in a variety of energy drinks on the market.

Details

Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 41 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1985-9899

Keywords

1 – 10 of 81