Search results

Examines the methods companies have used for setting advertising budgets against the backdrop of the literature (textbooks and journals). Utilizes a checks and balances (triangulation) methodology of survey, personal interviews and case studies to examine in depth the nature, scope and dynamics of the advertising budgeting process. The advertising budget decision involves a dual problem and a three‐stage process. Findings indicate that the advertising budgeting methods in practice were more sophisticated than the earlier descriptions in the literature, but the literature is narrowing the gap with reporting of advertising budgeting practices by marketing‐oriented and successful companies. The inaccuracy in the earlier literature, which conveys a certain image of managers, is now being corrected with positive implications for teaching and academic/practitioner co‐operation and trust.

Discusses consumers' attitudes and buying behaviour and how they have played a major part in the classification of goods, which has been devised to influence marketing strategy. Proposes that consumers have changed the importance that they have attached to different product attributes and, as a result, economy, functionalism, and durability have become more important as a consequence. Examines the Canadian consumer market using tables to show consumption and household facilities and equipment, also the ten leading exporters to and from Canada. Sums up that marketers will have to concern themselves much more in the vein of accountant and statistician, with the raw data being used which can be provided at a relatively inexpensive cost.

Editors' Note In this short article the authors briefly review and comment on the most common approaches used by companies or proposed by specialists for setting the budgets to be spent on advertising in an organisation.

Since the first Volume of this Bibliography there has been an explosion of literature in all the main areas of business. The researcher and librarian have to be able to uncover specific articles devoted to certain topics. This Bibliography is designed to help. Volume III, in addition to the annotated list of articles as the two previous volumes, contains further features to help the reader. Each entry within has been indexed according to the Fifth Edition of the SCIMP/SCAMP Thesaurus and thus provides a full subject index to facilitate rapid information retrieval. Each article has its own unique number and this is used in both the subject and author index. The first Volume of the Bibliography covered seven journals published by MCB University Press. This Volume now indexes 25 journals, indicating the greater depth, coverage and expansion of the subject areas concerned.

Economists usually try to avoid making moral judgements, at least in their professional capacity. Positive economics is seen as a way of analysing economic problems, in as scientific a manner as is possible in human sciences. Economists are often reluctant to be prescriptive, most seeing their task as presenting information on the various options, but leaving the final choice, to the political decision taker. The view of many economists is that politicians can be held responsible for the morality of their actions when making decisions on economic matters, unlike unelected economic advisors, and therefore the latter should limit their role.

‘We see no need to propose drastic alterations. The basic machinery is there. But drastic action is now needed to enable the machinery to work comprehensively and to establish adult education as an indispensible element in the national system of education.’ This is the gist of the four‐year study of adult education chaired by Sir Lionel Russell and published last month.

OUR readers will, we trust, appreciate our double souvenir number issued in connection with the Library Association Conference at Glasgow. Special features are the articles on the Mitchell Library, Glasgow, 1874–1924, by a member of the staff, Mr. J. Dunlop, and one on the Burns Country, by Mr. J. M. Leighton, of Greenock Public Library. We printed the provisional programme in our July issue and as we go to press have little to add to the particulars there given, except to compliment the Library Association and the Local Reception Committee on the excellent programme arranged for the occasion, from both the professional and social point of view.

ALTHOUGH the first Public Libraries (Scotland) Act was placed on the Statute Book in 1853, it was not until 1899 that the Corporation of the City of Glasgow was empowered to establish and maintain public libraries throughout the city. Between 1876 and 1897 four attempts were made to secure public approval for the adoption of the Public Libraries (Scotland) Acts, but when all these efforts proved unsuccessful, the Corporation decided in June, 1888 to include in a Local Bill for submission to Parliament, certain clauses conferring upon themselves the power to become a library authority. Promoted in 1899, the Bill became known as the Glasgow Corporation (Tramways, Libraries, etc.) Act 1899, and the library clauses passed through Parliament without opposition and received Royal Assent on 1st August, 1899. The powers conferred by this Local Act empowered the Corporation:

The Howard Shuttering Contractors case throws considerable light on the importance which the tribunals attach to warnings before dismissing an employee. In this case the tribunal took great pains to interpret the intention of the parties to the different site agreements, and it came to the conclusion that the agreed procedure was not followed. One other matter, which must be particularly noted by employers, is that where a final warning is required, this final warning must be “a warning”, and not the actual dismissal. So that where, for example, three warnings are to be given, the third must be a “warning”. It is after the employee has misconducted himself thereafter that the employer may dismiss.

Marketers worldwide consider athlete endorsement a highly effective promotional tool. However, little is known about consumers' responses towards athlete endorsement in global markets - particularly the bi-directional image transfer mechanism. This study examines the image match between athlete endorsers and products using a three-dimensional visual map and comparing image perceptions towards athlete endorsements among respondent groups from Japan, Korea and the United States during the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The results show that image perceptions of selected athlete endorsers, endorsed products and their match are significantly different in these markets.