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The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of four different forms of feedback (such as, complete solution, line-by-line correction, line-by-line hint and correct-incorrect final answer) of a mobile-assisted learning application on linear equations and motivation of students towards mathematics learning on students’ mathematics performance.

Totally, 285 Grade 7 students (72 students each for the first-three feedback and 69 students for the last feedback) participated in the five-day experiment. A validated instrument was utilized to determine the motivation of students in learning mathematics.

It was revealed that students solved more problems and spent more time in the line-by-line hint type of feedback. The correct-incorrect final answer group had the most number of incorrect problems solved. It was found that the scores of the students would be different from one another after they utilized the app. Nonetheless, all of them learnt significantly from the app. Five steps of hierarchical regression revealed that all types of feedback were consistent predictors of posttest scores. Thus, the first null hypothesis stating that there is no significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores of the students when categorized by different forms of feedback was rejected. The second null hypothesis stating that the four types of feedback and motivation of students do not influence mathematics performance is partially rejected.

The study can be replicated in a school with a different atmosphere.

The use of the application is highly recommended for students who are beginning to learn linear equations. Teachers can replicate the four types of feedback in an actual classroom setting.

It was confirmed that the four types of feedback can teach the students learn mathematics, regardless of the motivation of the students.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the problem of the initial attitude detumbling and acquisition for micro‐satellite using geomagnetism with the aid of the pitch momentum bias, and the application of the feedback linearization method, H_∞ and μ‐synthesize control theory in the robust attitude acquisition controller design.

The pitch flywheels establish the momentum bias state in the beginning of the detumbling stage and keep the momentum bias state thereafter. The geomagnetic change rate feedback detumbling controller is used to detumble the micro‐satellite and the gyroscope rigidity is utilized to capture orbital negative normal orientation in the detumbling and attitude acquisition phase. Feedback linearization method is adopted to obtain the linear attitude dynamics. Based on the feedback linearization model, a quasi proportion differential (PD) controller is designed, meanwhile H_∞ and μ‐synthesis control theories are adopted to synthesis the robust attitude acquisition controllers.

The pitch momentum bias‐aided attitude detumbling and acquisition method make the capture of the orbital negative normal orientation faster and more accurate than the classical initial operation process. Quasi PD and H_∞ have greater robustness than the classical PD attitude acquisition controller in normal geomagnetic case; quasi PD and μ‐synthesis have greater robustness than the classical PD attitude acquisition controller in magnetic storm case.

Provides pitch momentum bias‐aided attitude detumbling and acquisition method for the micro‐satellite and the robust attitude acquisition controller design technology.

Presents a review on implementing finite element methods on supercomputers, workstations and PCs and gives main trends in hardware and software developments. An appendix included at the end of the paper presents a bibliography on the subjects retrospectively to 1985 and approximately 1,100 references are listed.

The purpose of this chapter is to assess the importance of individual social capital characteristics in determining wages, both directly through their valuation by employers and indirectly through their impact on individual occupational choice. We find that a person’s level of sociability and care for others works through both channels to explain wage differences between social and nonsocial occupations. Additionally, expected wages in each occupation type are found to be at least as important as a person’s level of social capital in choosing a social occupation. We make use of restricted 2000 Decennial Census and 2000 Social Capital Community Benchmark Survey.

A finite element procedure is presented for refined transient analysis of two‐dimensional (plane or axisymmetric) non‐linear structures involving arbitrarily large displacements, rotations and strains. The finite element model is based on the biquadratic nine‐node element of the Lagrange family. The relevant points pertaining to the equations of motion and their integration and to the spatial description, including geometrical and material non‐linearities, are considered. In particular, stress and strain rates are discussed. Finally, significant numerical applications show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Intellectual capital (IC) has been suggested to be a means by which firms develop capabilities that enhance competitive advantage. There is, however, a paucity of empirical research linking IC with innovation in construction firms, leaving the IC–innovation link in such environments unclear. The purpose of this paper is to advance understanding of the relationships between IC components and strategic exploratory and exploitative innovation in construction contractor firms.

The sample comprised 135 management personnel from construction contractor firms in Hong Kong. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey using validated scales in the literature which were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis. Hierarchical linear regression was used to test the hypotheses while partial least squares structural equation modelling was used for post hoc analysis.

Social capital (SC) and organisational capital (OC) each have significant positive linear effects on exploratory and exploitative innovation, while human capital (HC) has no direct linear effect on either innovation type. HC, however, affects both exploratory and exploitative innovation through SC or OC. None of the three IC dimensions has a significant quadratic effect on exploratory or exploitative innovation. The findings suggest that in construction contractor firms increases in the accumulation of SC and OC are associated with proportional increases in exploratory and exploitative innovation.

Despite the growth of studies connecting IC to innovation, the link between IC and exploratory and exploitative innovation has focussed on linear effects in units or on radical innovation outcomes. This study makes a novel contextual contribution by exploring both linear and quadratic effects of IC dimensions on strategic exploratory and exploitative innovation processes in construction contractor firms. The insights contribute to advance knowledge on the relationship between IC and innovation categories in different industrial settings.

The advantages of Goal Programming (GP) over linear programming (LP) are discussed in the context of the healthcare industry. Decision makers must give considerable attention to the formulation of a GP model. However, long‐ and short‐term solutions must not be confused. Solutions also require implementations, which may be impractical or difficult. The full utilisation of facilities is recommended in an attempt to reduce unit costs and increase output.

The main targets of the work are analysis and simulation of flying laboratory performance. In particular, synthesis of control system for handling qualities change and evaluation in flight are taken into consideration.

Modification of handling qualities is obtained by applying indirect flight control system (FBW). The properties of the optimal controller are calculated through the indirect (implicit) model‐following method. In particular, the modified version based on the computer simulations is used.

Calculation and simulation concern the synthesis of desired handling qualities of the general aviation aircraft PZL‐M20 “Mewa” equipped with indirect (FBW) experimental flight control system. Results of the simulation show that the flying laboratory has the same properties as modeled aircraft, and it is possible to say that handling properties concern attitude orientation of the experimental aircraft is similar to modeled commuter aircraft.

The result of research can be implemented on a project of the flying laboratory based on general aviation aircraft PZL M20 “Mewa”.

The paper presents the practical approach for synthesis of the “Simplified total in flight simulator” performance which can be used for analysis of handling qualities of general aviation aircraft equipped with FBW. Research of this type focuses on military and transport airplanes however, there are no published works in the area of small aircraft so far.

The purpose of this paper is to propose a methodology to seek the optimal topology of electromagnetic devices using the density method while taking into account the non-linear behaviour of ferromagnetic materials. The tools and methods used are detailed and applied to a three-dimensional (3D) electromagnet for analysis and validation. Resulting topologies with and without the non-linear behaviour are investigated.

The polynomial mapping is used with the density method for material distribution in the optimisation domain. To consider the non-linear behaviour of the materials, an analytical approximation based on the Marrocco equation is used and combined with the polynomial mapping to solve the problem. Furthermore, to prevent the occurrence of intermediate materials, a weighted sum of objectives is used in the optimisation problem to eliminate these undesired materials.

Taking into account the non-linear materials behaviour and 3D model during topology optimisation (TO) is important, as it produces more physically feasible and coherent results. Moreover, the use of a weighted sum of objectives to eliminate intermediate materials increases the number of evaluations to reach the final solution, but it is efficient.

Considering non-linear materials behaviour yields results closer to reality, and physical feasibility of structures is more obvious in absence of intermediate materials.

This work tackles an obstacle of TO in electromagnetism which is often overlooked in literature, that is, non-linear behaviour of ferromagnetic materials by proposing a methodology.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate accounting as first visible-sign statement form, and also as the first writing, and analyse its systematic differences, syntactic and semantic, from subsequent speech-following (glottographic) writing forms. The authors consider how accounting as non-glottographic (and so “unspeakable”) writing form renders “glottography” a “subsystem of writing” (Hyman, 2006), while initiating a mode of veridiction which always and only names and counts, silently and synoptically. The authors also consider the translation of this statement form into the graphs, charts, equations, etc., which are central to the making of modern scientific truth claims, and to remaking the boundaries of “languaging” and translatability.

As a historical–theoretical study, this draws on work reconceptualising writing vs speech (e.g. Harris, 1986; 2000), the statement vs the word (e.g. Foucault, 1972/2002) and the parameters of translation (e.g. Littau, 2016) to re-think the conceptual significance of accounting as constitutive of our “literate modes” of thinking, acting and “languaging in general”.

Specific reflections are offered on how the accounting statement, as mathematically regularised naming of what “ought” to be counted, is then evaluated against what is counted, thus generating a first discourse of the norm and a first accounting-based apparatus for governing the state. The authors analyse how the non-glottographic statement is constructed and read not as linear flow of signs but as simulacrum; and on how the accounting statement poses both the practical issue of how to translate non-linear flow statements, and the conceptual problem of how to think this statement form’s general translatability, given its irreducibility to the linear narrative statement form.

The paper pioneers in approaching accounting as statement form in a way that analyses the differences that flow from its non-glottographic status.