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To study flow‐induced corrosion mechanisms for carbon steel in high velocity flowing seawater and explain corrosive phenomena.

An overall mathematical model for flow‐induced corrosion of carbon steel in high velocity flow seawater was established in rotating disk apparatus using both numerical simulation and test methods. By studying the impact of turbulent flow using the kinetic energy of turbulent approach and the effects of the computational near‐wall hydrodynamic parameters on corrosion rates, corrosion behaviour and mechanism are discussed here. It is applicable to deeply understand the synergistic effect mechanism of flow‐induced corrosion.

It is scientific and reasonable to investigate carbon steel corrosion through correlation of the near‐wall hydrodynamic parameters, which can accurately describe the influence of fluid flow on corrosion. The computational corrosion rates obtained by this model are in agreement with measured corrosion data. It is shown that serious flow‐induced corrosion is caused by the synergistic effect between corrosion electrochemical factor and hydrodynamic factor. While corrosion electrochemical factor plays a dominant role in flow‐induced corrosion.

The corrosion kinetics and mechanism of metals in high velocity flowing medium is discussed in this paper. These results will help someone who is interested in flow‐induced corrosion to understand in depth the type of issue.

This paper aims to study flow‐induced corrosion mechanisms for carbon steel in high‐velocity flowing seawater and to explain corrosive phenomena.

An overall mathematical model for flow‐induced corrosion of carbon steel in high‐velocity flow seawater was established in a rotating disk apparatus using both numerical simulation and test methods. By studying the impact of turbulent flow using the kinetic energy of a turbulent approach and the effects of the computational near‐wall hydrodynamic parameters on corrosion rates, corrosion behavior and mechanism are discussed here. It is applicable in order to understand in depth the synergistic effect mechanism of flow‐induced corrosion.

It was found that it is scientific and reasonable to investigate carbon steel corrosion through correlation of the near‐wall hydrodynamic parameters, which can accurately describe the influence of fluid flow on corrosion. The computational corrosion rates obtained by this model are in good agreement with measured corrosion data. It is shown that serious flow‐induced corrosion is caused by the synergistic effect between the corrosion electrochemical factor and the hydrodynamic factor, while the corrosion electrochemical factor plays a dominant role in flow‐induced corrosion.

The corrosion kinetics and mechanism of metals in a high‐velocity flowing medium is discussed here. These results will help those interested in flow‐induced corrosion to understand in depth the type of issue.

This paper aims to investigate the effect of transformational leadership (TL), behavioral integration of top management team (TMT) and team conflict on manager ambidexterity behavior.

Hierarchical linear modeling has been applied to test the degree of influence of TL and behavioral integration of TMT on manager ambidexterity using data collected from 60 chief executive officers (CEOs) and 322 TMT members of small- and medium-sized enterprises in the Chinese electronic commerce industry.

The results suggest the following: transformational leadership is positively associated with the behavioral integration of TMT and a high level of TMT behavioral integration strengthens the positive relationship between transformational leadership and manager ambidexterity. Also, team conflict moderates the mediating role of TMT behavioral integration in the relationship of transformational leadership to manager ambidexterity.

First, this study does not directly test whether transformational leadership encourages a focus on manager ambidexterity, although the results on behavioral integration draw attention to the usefulness of such leadership. Second, in focusing on manager ambidexterity, this paper omits key variables, especially skills and abilities.

Given that several aspects of leadership can be learned and adjusted, the findings suggest that organizations can improve their individual ambidexterity by helping the CEOs develop and display transformational leadership through training and mentoring. TMTs were found to rely mostly on the behavioral integration approach (collaborative behavior, quality of information exchange and joint decision-making) and team conflict management. Such reliance, in turn, predicts effective team behavioral coordination and subsequent manager ambidexterity.

First, this study goes beyond the current research that focuses primarily on ambidexterity at the inter-organizational alliance, firm and business unit levels. This earlier research lacks a conceptually and empirically validated understanding of ambidexterity at the level of the manager. In contrast, by investigating and examining the antecedents of manager ambidexterity behavior, the study develops an individual perspective to elucidate the ambidextrous mechanisms. Second, the study also contributes by explaining how transformational leadership relates to manager ambidexterity. To date, only limited research has disentangled how transformational leaders enhance managers’ teamwork (e.g. behavioral integration) and how such leaders affect the ambidextrous orientation of managers.

This paper aims to prepare third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) organic materials with large nonlinear optimization value, high damage threshold and ultrafast response time.

A series of novel symmetric and asymmetric compounds possessing third-order NLO properties were synthesized using 1,3,5-tribromobenzene as the basis. The photophysical and electrochemical properties, as well as the click reactions, were characterized by means of UV–VIS–NIR absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry.

The donor–acceptor chromophores were inserted into compound, making the molecule to have a broader absorption in the near-infrared regions and a narrower optical and electrochemical band gap. It also formed an electron-delocalized organic system, which has larger effects on achieving a third-order NLO response. The third-order NLO phenomenon of benzene ring complexes was experimentally studied at 532 nm using Z-scan technology, and some compounds showed the expected NLO properties.

The click products exhibit more NLO phenomena by performing different click combinations to the side groups, opening new perspectives on using the system in a variety of photoelectric applications.

The purpose of this study was to identify if network embeddedness and innovation performance relationship, which has been largely studied in multinational enterprises (MNEs) and large corporations, was also applicable in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Secondly, the authors also sought to identify the moderating role of innovation openness in the relationship between network embeddedness and SMEs' innovation performance.

Empirical analysis was based on 388 SMEs in Ghana. Various validity and reliability checks were conducted before the presentation of the actual analysis, which was conducted using the structural equation modeling in Amos (v.23).

Findings revealed that, in the context of SMEs, network embeddedness had significant positive effect on innovation performance. The authors further identified that SMEs with both high levels of network embeddedness and innovation openness had a much higher performance in their innovation, compared to SMEs that relied solely on network embeddedness.

The current study found innovation openness to further strengthen the relationship between network embeddedness and SMEs' innovation performance. The relationship between network embedded and SME's innovation could, however, be mediated by knowledge transfer mechanisms, so future studies should pay particular attention to the mediating mechanisms.

Management of SMEs is advised to develop conducive organizational structures, such as trust, openness to collaboration and so on, for effective innovative knowledge transfer and transformation.

Past research studies on network embeddedness and innovation performance have dominantly resided in MNE and large corporations. This current study extends the body of knowledge by extending the network embeddedness and innovation performance research studies to SME context.

The purpose of this paper is to examine farmer preference for swine price index insurance in China focusing on whether Chinese farmers are willing to consider purchasing swine price index insurance, the premium they would like to pay, as well as the extend of heterogeneity in their preferences.

A sample of 443 swine farmers in Jiangsu and Henan provinces is collected and analyzed. An Ordered Probit model is used to analyze farmers’ willingness to buy swine price index insurance and a Tobit model is used to analyze farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for insurance premium.

Results show that some farmers are not willing to purchase swine price index insurance. However, WTP of majority of farmers is higher than what is prescribed in the current insurance policy. Factors affecting farmers’ willingness to buy varied between two provinces. Experience in purchasing traditional swine insurance and risk perception affect farmers’ willingness to buy in Jiangsu province, while joining agricultural cooperatives, experience in purchasing traditional swine insurance and understanding of swine price index insurance affect farmers’ willingness to buy in Henan province. Farmers with non-agricultural income, longer years of swine breeding, higher degree of specialization, experience in purchasing traditional insurance, higher understanding of swine price index insurance and trust in local governments, stronger risk perception and risk preference, and not being a member of agricultural cooperatives have higher WTP.

Few studies have been conducted on swine price index insurance in China. Even less information, to the authors’ knowledge, is available on farmer preferences. The research provides a timely contribution to understand the Chinese swine price index insurance market from the perspectives of farmers.

This study, based on social exchange theory, aims to explore knowledge hiding behavior in relation to shared goals of individuals working in teams and trust (cognitive-based trust and affective-based trust) as a boundary condition on shared goals and knowledge hiding relationship.

A total sample of 270 reliable questionnaires are collected from university students in China. SPSS and AMOS are employed for the data analysis of the proposed model.

Findings of the study have indicated that shared goals are negatively associated with knowledge hiding behavior. Furthermore, trust (cognitive-based trust and affective-based trust) moderates the relationship between shared goals and knowledge hiding behavior.

This study has provided empirical proof and in-depth understanding and recommendations for supervisors and administrative authorities to form the culture of groups/teams with shared goals to reduce the undesirable individual behaviors.

This study, among the first empirical studies investigating the relationship between shared goals and knowledge hiding behavior, trust as a moderator, enriches the existing academic literature of and provides valuable insight into the research on knowledge hiding and knowledge management.

This paper aims to identify the prominent themes of open innovation for sustainability (OIS) and establish their inter-relationships. Moreover, it examines the importance of success factors (i.e. knowledge management system, openness and organizational structure) and their configuration for co-creating shared value for OIS in manufacturing micro small and medium enterprises.

The first stage of investigation determines the relationship between concepts using the bibliometric technique. The second stage examines predictors (e.g. knowledge management system, openness and organizational structure) that contribute to the desired outcomes (creation of shared value in OIS) through necessary condition analysis.

The investigation demonstrates that all three conditions are necessary for (at different levels) creating shared values for OIS. More specifically, the investigation shows that the different levels of creation of shared value outcomes do require organizations to configure organizational interventions at different levels of the knowledge management system, openness and organizational structure.

To use the concept of open innovation (OI), organizations need to expand their view beyond their existing resource pool and business environment, to include their partners and stakeholders for more inclusivity. Such creation of shared value for OI does require active participation, interaction and collaboration with both manufacturer, retailers and other stakeholders, for developing an insight in creating value for sustainability problem-solving context.

The investigation advances the existing body of knowledge that propagates the significance of knowledge management system, openness and organizational structure as the antecedent to increase the creation of shared value for sustainability by organizations. The investigation advances the existing body of knowledge that propagates the significance of knowledge management system, openness and organizational structure as an antecedent to increase the creation of shared value for sustainability by organizations.

Cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, generate innovative and fast exchanges without any physical form and facilitate online payments; thus, they may bring about revolutions of the future economic system. Recent investigations reveal that China, the second largest Bitcoin market, accounts for a huge volume of Bitcoin trading and mining, which can cast distinct influences on future values of Bitcoin. Therefore, it would be of great significance to probe into the repurchase intention of Bitcoin of the Chinese individuals.

One hundred and forty-three questionnaires were collected from Chinese respondents. SPPS was employed for data analysis of the proposed hypotheses.

The results show that expectation has a positive impact on perceived enjoyment and perceived ease of use. A positive relationship between perceived ease of use and perceived enjoyment was confirmed. The findings also reveal that expectation, perceived enjoyment and perceived ease of use have significant impact on satisfaction. Moreover, it is found that perceived enjoyment, perceived ease of use and satisfaction significantly influence the repurchase intention of Bitcoin.

This study encourages future comparative studies to be conducted. Besides, it is recommended to find out other possible antecedents of repurchase intention. Moreover, this study suggested negative effects of Bitcoin to be explored.

In a practical standpoint, this study provides valuable suggestions about cryptocurrencies use and regularization. For instance, education and learnability issues of novice users need to be considered. Further, the regularization/implementation of cryptocurrencies/blockchain technologies is also suggested.

This is the pioneer endeavor which investigates the repurchase intention of Bitcoin. The findings explore some of the possible antecedents which influence repurchase intention of Bitcoin. These findings provide valuable insights and enrich the existing body of literature in the domain of Bitcoin.

This paper aims to address essential questions regarding social entrepreneurial intentions. Do traits such as perceived social impact, social worth and social network influence, social entrepreneurial intentions among the young populous generation of Pakistan? To get a deeper insight, this paper further raises questions regarding the relationship of these predictors and social entrepreneurial intentions with empathy which is considered as a key determinant and a distinguishing trait to become a social entrepreneur.

This paper involves a quantitative research design using a partial least square structural equation modeling approach to measure the effects of the structural model. For this, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with a purposive sample of 247 university students from Pakistan.

Results showed a positive relationship between antecedents and social entrepreneurial intentions. Overall analysis exhibited social worth as a dominant trait and social network as the least influencing trait to impact social entrepreneurial intentions.

It will help micro and macro-level policymakers including government officials and NGOs and educators to create awareness and provide support and encouragement to individuals who aim to initiate social enterprise.

The present study makes significant contributions to the social entrepreneurship literature, as it is one of the first academic studies on social entrepreneurial intentions in Pakistan. This paper enriches the theoretical foundation by assessing the influence of perceived social impact, social worth and social network on social entrepreneurial intentions. Also, the relationship of Empathy with each of these antecedents is examined for the first time in the social entrepreneurial intentions context which is a valuable contribution both theoretically and practically.