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This study examines the effect of firm-level investor sentiment on a firm's level of financial distress.
Abstract
Purpose
This study examines the effect of firm-level investor sentiment on a firm's level of financial distress.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors use Bloomberg's firm-level, daily investor sentiment scores derived from firm-level news and Twitter content in a beta-regression model to explain the variability in a firm's financial distress.
Findings
The results indicate that improvements (deterioration) in investor sentiment derived from both news articles and Twitter content lead to a decrease (increase) in the average firm's financial distress level. We also find that the effect of sentiment derived from Twitter on a firm's financial distress is significantly stronger than the sentiment derived from news articles.
Research limitations/implications
Our proxy for financial distress is Bloomberg's financial distress measures, which may be an imperfect measure of financial distress. Our results have important implications for market participants in assessing the determinants of financial distress.
Practical implications
Our sample period covers four years (2015–2019), which is determined by Bloomberg sentiment data availability.
Social implications
Market participants are increasingly using social media to express views on firms and seek information that might be used to determine a firm's level of financial distress. Our study links investor sentiment derived from social media (Twitter) and traditional news articles to financial distress.
Originality/value
By examining the relationship between a firm's sentiment and its financial distress, this paper advances our understanding of the factors that drive a firm's financial distress. To our knowledge, this is the first study to link US firms' investor sentiment derived from firm-level news and Twitter content to a firm's financial distress.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of firm-level investor sentiment on a firm's share liquidity.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of firm-level investor sentiment on a firm's share liquidity.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors use Bloomberg's firm-level, daily investor sentiment scores derived from firm-level news and Twitter content in a regression model to explain the variability in a firm's share liquidity.
Findings
The results indicate that improvements (deterioration) in investor sentiment derived solely from Twitter content lead to a decrease (increase) in the average firm's share liquidity. Results, although not as strong, are opposite for investor sentiment derived solely from news articles: improvements (deterioration) in news sentiment leads to an increase (decrease) in the average firm's share liquidity.
Research limitations/implications
The proxy for share liquidity is the bid-ask spread, which may be an imperfect measure of liquidity. The Amihud illiquidity measure was used as an alternative proxy and yield similar results. The results have important implications for investors in assessing the determinants of share liquidity.
Practical implications
The sample period covers four years (2015–2018), which is determined by the availability of the Bloomberg sentiment data.
Social implications
Investors increasing use of social media to express views on particular stocks and seek information that might be used in the investment decision-making process. The study links investor sentiment derived from social media (Twitter) to share liquidity.
Originality/value
By examining the relationship between a firm's sentiment and the firm's share liquidity, this paper advances the authors' understanding of the factors that drive a firm's share liquidity. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to link investor sentiment derived from firm-level news and Twitter content to a firm's share liquidity.
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Lee M. Dunham, Tirimba Obonyo and Sijing Wei
The purpose of this paper is to determine if Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) are rewarded or punished in the corporate director labor market for engaging in corporate social…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine if Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) are rewarded or punished in the corporate director labor market for engaging in corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors empirically examine the relation between CEOs' CSR engagement and their corporate board appointments in retirement using logit, ordinary least squares (OLS) and Poisson regression models.
Findings
Results indicate that CSR engagement has significant director labor market consequences for retiring CEOs. Specifically, CSR engagement has a favorable impact on the ability of retired CEOs to obtain board seats and board seats at larger firms generally associated with higher pay, even after controlling for firm performance and other determinants previously documented to explain director selection. The authors also find evidence that CEOs of firms with high CSR engagement build up their firms' CSR scores over time as they approach retirement, which is consistent with the labor market for directors providing incentives to attract CEOs to board service in retirement.
Originality/value
By examining the relationship between a CEO's CSR engagement and their external corporate board directorships, this paper advances the understanding of the determinants of corporate board appointments. Further, while most prior research assesses the value of CSR engagement by looking at the relation between CSR engagement and that firm's performance, this is the first study to our knowledge to look outside the firm to determine if CSR engagement has value to the CEO.
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Richard A. DeFusco, Lee M. Dunham and John Geppert
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamic relationships among investment, earnings and dividends for US firms. The sample period is 1950-2006.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamic relationships among investment, earnings and dividends for US firms. The sample period is 1950-2006.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors use a firm-level vector auto-regression (VAR) framework to examine the firm-level dynamics among investment, earnings and dividends. The firm-level VAR yields Granger causality results, impulse response functions, and variance decompositions characterizing the dynamics of these three variables at the firm level.
Findings
For the average firm in the sample, Miller and Modigliani dividend policy irrelevance is not supported, even in the long run; the shocks to dividends do have long-run consequences for investment and vice versa. Dividend changes are an ineffective signal of future earnings in both the short and long-term. The cost of an increased dividend is on average an immediate decrease of $3 in investment for every dollar increase in dividends and the effect is persistent up to six years after the increase in dividends.
Research limitations/implications
The firm-level VAR used in the study requires that sample firms have long histories of investment, earnings and dividend data. The study addresses the interaction between dividends and investment and therefore necessitates examining dividend-paying firms. By the nature of the research question, the sample firms will not be representative in all respects to the universe of firms. The most striking difference between the sample and the universe of firms is firm size. As such, the study's conclusions are most applicable to larger, stable, dividend-paying firms. The study is also limited to dividend payout. Alternative payout policies, such as share repurchases, are not considered in this work.
Practical implications
In theory, increases in dividends can signal higher future earnings; however, the evidence does not support this hypothesis. When capital markets are constrained or incomplete, increases in dividends come at a cost to investment. Firms should consider alternative methods of signaling future earnings that have less of an impact on investment. Investors should carefully evaluate the possible impact of an increase in dividends on investment and future earnings growth.
Originality/value
This study is the first to examine the dynamics of earnings, dividends and investment at a firm level and over such a long sample period. By including the dynamics of earnings, the authors emphasize the potential opportunity costs that increasing dividends has on investment when capital markets are imperfect. The dynamic system also allows the authors to consider long-run effects as well as immediate responses to system shocks.
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Life studies are a rich source for further research on the role of the Afro‐American woman in society. They are especially useful to gain a better understanding of the…
Abstract
Life studies are a rich source for further research on the role of the Afro‐American woman in society. They are especially useful to gain a better understanding of the Afro‐American experience and to show the joys, sorrows, needs, and ideals of the Afro‐American woman as she struggles from day to day.
This study examined the relationship among perceived job characteristics, job evaluation factors, and salary in twenty jobs from two job families. The Job Diagnostic Survey (JDS…
Abstract
This study examined the relationship among perceived job characteristics, job evaluation factors, and salary in twenty jobs from two job families. The Job Diagnostic Survey (JDS) and the Job Characteristics Inventory (JCI) were used to assess job characteristics. The results revealed high agreement across the 445 individuals who described their jobs, but substantial divergence between pairs of common dimensions across instruments in their relationship with job worth. While the major findings are consistent with previous research on the relationship between job characteristics and job worth, it is proposed that job‐level explanations for the motivating properties of jobs are conceptually limited The concept of job‐role differentiation (Ilgen & Hollenbeck, 1991) was offered as a potentially useful explanatory mechanism for understanding the structure of work, particularly those concepts pertaining to motivation and satisfaction.
This article provides a critical review of four constructs-organizational identification, organizational commitment, occupational identification, and occupational commitment-to…
Abstract
This article provides a critical review of four constructs-organizational identification, organizational commitment, occupational identification, and occupational commitment-to advance our understanding about how public sector employees from different occupations may become psychologically attached to their organizations. This review is intended to clarify previous inconsistencies as well as spark new interest among public administration researchers to examine sources and consequences of public employees’ organizational identification and commitment. This article also elucidates about how public sector employees’ attachment to their occupations may influence their attachment to their organizations. In that effort, this article reviews interrelationships among the four constructs. Finally, based on the patterns of connections observed, a future research program including seven testable research propositions is proposed.
Alexis Rain Rockwell, Stephen A. Bishopp and Erin A. Orrick
The current study examines the effect of changing a specific use-of-force policy coupled with de-escalation training implementation on patterns of police use of force.
Abstract
Purpose
The current study examines the effect of changing a specific use-of-force policy coupled with de-escalation training implementation on patterns of police use of force.
Design/methodology/approach
An interrupted time-series analysis was used to examine changes in police use-of-force incident records gathered from a large, southwestern US metropolitan police department from 2013 to 2017 based on a TASER policy change and de-escalation training implementation mid-2015.
Findings
Results demonstrate that changes to use-of-force policy regarding one type of force (i.e. use of TASERs) coinciding with de-escalation training influence the prevalence of use-of-force incidents by increasing the reported police use-of-force incidents after the changes were implemented. This finding is somewhat consistent with prior literature but not always in the desired direction.
Practical implications
When police departments make adjustments to use-of-force policies and/or trainings, unintended consequences may occur. Police administrators should measure policy and training outcomes under an evidence-based policing paradigm prior to making those adjustments.
Originality/value
This study is the first to measure the effects of changing use-of-force policy and implementing de-escalation techniques in training on patterns of police use of force and shows that these changes can have a ripple effect across types of force used by police officers.
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Kyung‐Ho Cho and Seok‐Hwan Lee
This study argues that the literature on public‐private distinction has failed to distinguish among different types of organizational culture found in the public sector, while…
Abstract
This study argues that the literature on public‐private distinction has failed to distinguish among different types of organizational culture found in the public sector, while recognizing other important differences. Drawing upon a distinctive bureaucratic culture in South Korea, this study seeks to examine Korean public and private managers' perceptual and attitudinal differences associated with their levels of organizational commitment. Influenced by Confucian values and experience with past military regimes, Korean public managers score higher on their perceived job prestige and perceived centralization than do their counterparts in the private sector. No significant differences are found in the dimensions of commitment to stay, job satisfaction, and perceived inequity between the two sectors. This study also reveals that one of the powerful antecedents of organizational commitment in the Korean public sector is the job prestige perceived by public managers. Finally, implications are discussed.
Meghan E. Hollis and Wesley G. Jennings
The purpose of this paper is to systematically and comprehensively review the extant literature on racial disparities in police use of force.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to systematically and comprehensively review the extant literature on racial disparities in police use of force.
Design/methodology/approach
The current study uses a narrative meta-review of racial disparities in police use of force through a systematic and exhaustive search of several academic databases (e.g. Criminal Justice Abstracts; EBSCO Host, PsychInfo, etc.).
Findings
The current meta-review identified 41 studies that matched the selection criteria. These studies examined public and police officer perceptions of use of force, rates of use of force, types of force used, neighborhood contextual correlates of use of force, and severity of force used. The relationship between race and use of force remains unclear after an examination of these studies. This indicates a need for high-quality research focusing on comparable operationalization of variables and stronger methodologies.
Research limitations/implications
The research implications derived from this meta-review indicate a need for increased research to better understand the intersections of race and police use of force (and the factors that increase the likelihood of force being used more broadly).
Practical implications
The practical implications derived from this meta-review indicate the need for monitoring techniques, such as the use of police body-worn cameras that could serve to deter inappropriate use of force.
Originality/value
The state-of-the-art review on racial disparities in police use of force is the first of its kind. This study comprehensively reviews the literature on racial disparities in police use of force. This study will be useful for those who wish to further explore racial disparities and use of force issues in policing, and for police managers and administrators who want to address concerns related to racial disparities in use of force in their organization.
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