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1 – 10 of 178The purpose of this paper is to give an approach for categorization of diverse textile designs using their textural features as extracted from their gray images by means of…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to give an approach for categorization of diverse textile designs using their textural features as extracted from their gray images by means of multi-class least-square support vector machines (LS-SVM).
Design/methodology/approach
In this work, the authors endeavor to devise a pattern recognition system based on LS-SVM which performs a multi-class categorization of three basic woven designs namely plain, twill and sateen after analyzing their features.
Findings
The result establishes that LS-SVM is able to classify the fabric design with a reasonable degree of accuracy and it outperforms the standard SVM.
Originality/value
The algorithmic simplicity of LS-SVM resulting from replacement of inequality constraints by equality ones and ability of handling noisy data by accommodating an error variable in its algorithm make it eminently suitable for textile pattern recognition. This paper offers a maiden application of LS-SVM in textile pattern recognition.
Details
Keywords
Habeeb Balogun, Hafiz Alaka and Christian Nnaemeka Egwim
This paper seeks to assess the performance levels of BA-GS-LSSVM compared to popular standalone algorithms used to build NO2 prediction models. The purpose of this paper is to…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper seeks to assess the performance levels of BA-GS-LSSVM compared to popular standalone algorithms used to build NO2 prediction models. The purpose of this paper is to pre-process a relatively large data of NO2 from Internet of Thing (IoT) sensors with time-corresponding weather and traffic data and to use the data to develop NO2 prediction models using BA-GS-LSSVM and popular standalone algorithms to allow for a fair comparison.
Design/methodology/approach
This research installed and used data from 14 IoT emission sensors to develop machine learning predictive models for NO2 pollution concentration. The authors used big data analytics infrastructure to retrieve the large volume of data collected in tens of seconds for over 5 months. Weather data from the UK meteorology department and traffic data from the department for transport were collected and merged for the corresponding time and location where the pollution sensors exist.
Findings
The results show that the hybrid BA-GS-LSSVM outperforms all other standalone machine learning predictive Model for NO2 pollution.
Practical implications
This paper's hybrid model provides a basis for giving an informed decision on the NO2 pollutant avoidance system.
Originality/value
This research installed and used data from 14 IoT emission sensors to develop machine learning predictive models for NO2 pollution concentration.
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Keywords
Wenli Zhang, Fengchun Tian, An Song, Zhenzhen Zhao, Youwen Hu and Anyan Jiang
This paper aims to propose an odor sensing system based on wide spectrum for e-nose, based on comprehensive analysis on the merits and drawbacks of current e-nose.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to propose an odor sensing system based on wide spectrum for e-nose, based on comprehensive analysis on the merits and drawbacks of current e-nose.
Design/methodology/approach
The wide spectral light is used as the sensing medium in the e-nose system based on continuous wide spectrum (CWS) odor sensing, and the sensing response of each sensing element is the change of light intensity distribution.
Findings
Experimental results not only verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed system but also show the effectiveness of least square support vector machine (LSSVM) in eliminating system errors.
Practical implications
Theoretical model of the system was constructed, and experimental tests were carried out by using NO2 and SO2. System errors in the test data were eliminated using the LSSVM, and the preprocessed data were classified by euclidean distance to centroids (EDC), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), LSSVM, respectively.
Originality/value
The system not only has the advantages of current e-nose but also realizes expansion of sensing array by means of light source and the spectrometer with their wide spectrum, high resolution characteristics which improve the detection accuracy and realize real-time detection.
Details
Keywords
Yacine Oussar, Cedric Margo, Jérôme Lucas and Stéphane Holé
Within the framework of image reconstruction in cylindrical electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) sensors, the purpose of this study is to select the structure of a sensor in…
Abstract
Purpose
Within the framework of image reconstruction in cylindrical electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) sensors, the purpose of this study is to select the structure of a sensor in terms of number and size of the electrodes, to predict the radius and the position of a single circular shape lying in the cross-section defined by the sensor electrodes.
Design/methodology/approach
Nonlinear black-box models using a set of physically independent capacitances and least-square support vector machines models selected with a sophisticated validation method are implemented.
Findings
The coordinates of circular shapes are well estimated in fixed and variable permittivity environments even with noisy data. Various numerical experiments are presented and discussed. Sensors formed by three or four electrodes covering 50 per cent of the sensor perimeter provide the best prediction performances.
Research limitations/implications
The proposed method is limited to the detection of a single circular shape in a cylindrical ECT sensor.
Practical implications
This method can be advantageously implemented in real-time applications, as it is numerically cost-effective and necessitates a small amount of measurements.
Originality/value
The contribution is two-fold: a fast computation of a circular shape position and radius with a satisfactory precision compared to the sensor size, and the determination of a cylindrical ECT sensor architecture that allows the most efficient predictions.
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Keywords
Xudong Sun and Ke Zhu
The purpose of this paper is to initiate investigations to develop near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy coupled with spectral dimensionality reduction and multivariate calibration…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to initiate investigations to develop near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy coupled with spectral dimensionality reduction and multivariate calibration methods to rapidly measure cotton content in blend fabrics.
Design/methodology/approach
In total, 124 and 41 samples were used to calibrate models and assess the performance of the models, respectively. The raw spectra are transformed into wavelet coefficients. Multivariate calibration methods of partial least square (PLS), extreme learning machine (ELM) and least square support vector machine (LS-SVM) were employed to develop the models using 100 wavelet coefficients. Through comparing the performance of PLS, ELM and LS-SVM models with new samples, the optimal model of cotton content was obtained with the LS-SVM model.
Findings
The correlation coefficient of prediction (rp) and root mean square errors of prediction were 0.99 and 4.37 percent, respectively. The results suggest that NIR spectroscopy, combining with the LS-SVM method, has significant potential to quantitatively analyze cotton content in blend fabrics.
Originality/value
It may have commercial and regulatory potential to avoid time-consuming work, costly and laborious chemical analysis for cotton content in blend fabrics.
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Keywords
Convection is one of the main heat transfer mechanisms in both high to low temperature media. The accurate convection heat transfer coefficient (HTC) value is required for exact…
Abstract
Purpose
Convection is one of the main heat transfer mechanisms in both high to low temperature media. The accurate convection heat transfer coefficient (HTC) value is required for exact prediction of heat transfer. As convection HTC depends on many variables including fluid properties, flow hydrodynamics, surface geometry and operating and boundary conditions, among others, its accurate estimation is often too hard. Homogeneous dispersion of nanoparticles in a base fluid (nanofluids) that found high popularities during the past two decades has also increased the level of this complexity. Therefore, this study aims to show the application of least-square support vector machines (LS-SVM) for prediction of convection heat transfer coefficient of nanofluids through circular pipes as an accurate alternative way and draw a clear path for future researches in the field.
Design/methodology/approach
The proposed LS-SVM model is developed using a relatively huge databank, including 253 experimental data sets. The predictive performance of this intelligent approach is validated using both experimental data and empirical correlations in the literature.
Findings
The results show that the LS-SVM paradigm with a radial basis kernel outperforms all other considered approaches. It presents an absolute average relative deviation of 2.47% and the regression coefficient (R2) of 0.99935 for the estimation of the experimental databank. The proposed smart paradigm expedites the procedure of estimation of convection HTC of nanofluid flow inside circular pipes.
Originality/value
Therefore, the focus of the current study is concentrated on the estimation of convection HTC of nanofluid flow through circular pipes using the LS-SVM. Indeed, this estimation is done using operating conditions and some simply measured characteristics of nanoparticle, base fluid and nanofluid.
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Keywords
Yacheng Wang, Peibo Li, Yuegang Liu, Yize Sun and Liuyuan Su
In 3D additive screen printing with constant snap-off, the inhomogeneous screen counterforce will influence the printing force and reduce the printing quality. The purpose of this…
Abstract
Purpose
In 3D additive screen printing with constant snap-off, the inhomogeneous screen counterforce will influence the printing force and reduce the printing quality. The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between scraper position, snap-off and screen counterforce and develop a variable snap-off curve for 3D additive screen printing to improve the printing quality.
Design/methodology/approach
An experiment was carried out; genetic algorithm (GA) optimization theoretical model, backpropagation neural network regression model and least square support vector machine regression model were established to study the relationship between scraper position, snap-off and screen counterforce. The absolute errors of counterforce of three models with the experiment results were less than 1.5 N, which was tolerated and the three models were considered valid. The comparison results showed that GA optimization theoretical model performed best.
Findings
The results suggest that GA optimization theoretical model performed best to represent the relationship, and it was used to develop a variable snap-off curve. With the variable snap-off curve in 3D additive screen printing, the inhomogeneous screen counterforce was weakened and the printing quality was improved.
Originality/value
In printing production, the variable snap-off curve in 3D additive screen printing helps improve the printing quality; this study is of prime importance to the 3D additive screen printing.
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Keywords
Yong Li, Yanjun Huang and Xing Xu
Sensorless interior permanent magnet in-wheel motor (IPMIWM), as an exemplar of modular automation system, has attracted considerable interests in recent years. This paper aims to…
Abstract
Purpose
Sensorless interior permanent magnet in-wheel motor (IPMIWM), as an exemplar of modular automation system, has attracted considerable interests in recent years. This paper aims to investigate a novel hybrid control approach for the sensorless IPMIWM from a cyber-physical systems (CPS) perspective.
Design/methodology/approach
The control approach is presented based on the hybrid dynamical theory. In the standstill-low (S-L) speed, the rotor position/speed signal is estimated by the method of the high frequency (HF) voltage signal injection. The least square support vector machine (LS-SVM) is used to acquire the rotor position/speed signal in medium-high (M-H) speed operation. Hybrid automata model of the IPMIWM is established due to its hybrid dynamic characteristics in wide speed range. A hybrid state observer (HSO), including a discrete state observer (DSO) and a continuous state observer (CSO), is designed for rotor position/speed estimation of the IPMIWM.
Findings
The hardware-in-the-loop testing based on dSPACE is carried out on the test bench. Experimental investigations demonstrate the hybrid control approach can not only identify the rotor position/speed signal with a certain load but also be able to reject the load disturbance. The reliability and the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid control approach were verified.
Originality/value
The proposed hybrid control approach for the sensorless IPMIWM promotes the deep combination and coordination of sensorless IPMIWM drive system. It also theoretically supports and extends the development of the hybrid control of the highly integrated modular automation system.
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Keywords
Ziku Wu, Xiaoming Han and GuoFeng Li
The purpose of this paper is to develop a mesh-free algorithm based on the least square support vector machines method for numerical simulation of the modified Helmholtz equations.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a mesh-free algorithm based on the least square support vector machines method for numerical simulation of the modified Helmholtz equations.
Design/methodology/approach
The proposed method deals with a Cauchy problem for the modified Helmholtz equations. The algorithm converts the problem into a quadratic programming. It can be divided into three steps. First, some training points are allocated. Then, an approximate function is constructed. Finally, the shape parameters are estimated.
Findings
The proposed method's stability is discussed. Numerical experiments are conducted to check the efficiency of the algorithm. The proposed method is found to feasible for the ill-posed problems of the modified Helmholtz equations.
Originality/value
The originality lies in that the proposed method is applied to solve the modified Helmholtz equations for the first time, and the expected results are obtained.
Details
Keywords
Xudong Sun, Mingxing Zhou and Yize Sun
– The purpose of this paper is to develop near infrared (NIR) techniques coupled with multivariate calibration methods to rapid measure cotton content in blend fabrics.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop near infrared (NIR) techniques coupled with multivariate calibration methods to rapid measure cotton content in blend fabrics.
Design/methodology/approach
In total, 124 and 41 samples were used to calibrate models and assess the performance of the models, respectively. Multivariate calibration methods of partial least square (PLS), extreme learning machine (ELM) and least square support vector machine (LS-SVM) were employed to develop the models. Through comparing the performance of PLS, ELM and LS-SVM models with new samples, the optimal model of cotton content was obtained with LS-SVM model. The correlation coefficient of prediction (r p ) and root mean square errors of prediction were 0.98 and 4.50 percent, respectively.
Findings
The results suggest that NIR technique combining with LS-SVM method has significant potential to quantitatively analyze cotton content in blend fabrics.
Originality/value
It may have commercial and regulatory potential to avoid time consuming work, costly and laborious chemical analysis for cotton content in blend fabrics.
Details