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Article
Publication date: 1 November 1998

The Soviet and post‐Soviet allocation of land rent

Ernest Raiklin

This paper attempts to analyze the mechanism of land rent distribution under the Soviet and post‐Soviet conditions. The subject is examined from a purely theoretical point…

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Abstract

This paper attempts to analyze the mechanism of land rent distribution under the Soviet and post‐Soviet conditions. The subject is examined from a purely theoretical point of view. The procedure is as follows: first, the socioeconomic meaning of the word “Soviet” is defined. Second, the difference between land rent production and land rent distribution is examined. Finally, Soviet land rent distribution is investigated. Also, changes which the collapse of the Soviet system brought to the process of land rent distribution during the post‐Soviet period are examined. Within this framework, the role of Soviet turnover taxes versus post‐Soviet value‐added taxes is discussed.

Details

International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 25 no. 10
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299810214034
ISSN: 0306-8293

Keywords

  • Bureaucracy
  • Ground rent
  • Post‐Soviet
  • Soviet
  • Taxation
  • Turnover rent

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Article
Publication date: 21 September 2020

The impact of land renting-in on farm productivity: evidence from maize production in China

Tongwei Qiu, Qinying He, S.T. Boris Choy, Yifei Li and Biliang Luo

This study investigates the effect of renting in land on farm productivity, and the impacts of rented-in land size and transaction partner type on farm productivity.

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Abstract

Purpose

This study investigates the effect of renting in land on farm productivity, and the impacts of rented-in land size and transaction partner type on farm productivity.

Design/methodology/approach

Data from the 2015 China Household Finance Survey are analyzed using an extended regression model and the two-stage least squares method.

Findings

Farm households that rent in land are likely to achieve higher farm productivity, and ignoring endogeneity underestimates the positive effect of land renting-in. Further evidence indicates that rented-in land size has an insignificant impact on farm productivity, and that there is no difference in farm productivity between lessees renting-in land from acquaintances and those renting-in land from non-acquaintances. These results may be caused by the higher degree of marketization of land rentals between acquaintances in China. With increasing competition in agricultural factor markets, in theory, rented-in land size should not affect farm productivity.

Practical implications

Overall, the analysis suggests that renting in land improves farm productivity, which supports the land transfer policies that have been rolled out in recent decades in China. However, our finding that rented land size does not affect farm productivity, consistent with the results in the literature, implies that the Chinese government should no longer subsidize or prefer large farms with low productivity. More attention should be paid to small lessees and market-oriented land rentals between acquaintances. Promoting the marketization of land transfers inside acquaintance networks could realize the potential of the land market, especially if land transfers decrease.

Originality/value

This study identifies the effects of renting in land, rented-in land size and type of rental transaction partner on farm productivity using nationally representative data. The findings imply that the government should pay more attention to the marketization of land rentals between acquaintances. Although existing studies regard land rental between acquaintances as informal and of low efficiency, the recent evidence shows that China's land markets are changing, and policy makers should adjust their policies accordingly.

Details

China Agricultural Economic Review, vol. 13 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/CAER-08-2019-0135
ISSN: 1756-137X

Keywords

  • Farm productivity
  • Land renting-in
  • Rented-in land size
  • Transaction partner
  • China

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Article
Publication date: 27 October 2020

Price decline, land rental markets and grain production in the North China Plain

Qian Wang, Fan Li, Jin Yu, Luuk Fleskens and Coen J. Ritsema

This study examines the heterogeneous correlations between rural farmers' land renting behavior and their grain production when they experienced a significant price decline.

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Abstract

Purpose

This study examines the heterogeneous correlations between rural farmers' land renting behavior and their grain production when they experienced a significant price decline.

Design/methodology/approach

We used well-timed panel data obtained from a two-round survey held in 2013 and 2017 among 621 households in the North China Plain. The empirical analyses were conducted by using the pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) and fixed effects models.

Findings

Rural tenants were having heterogeneous responses in land renting behavior and agricultural production when there was a price decline. A group of optimistic tenants (as professional farmers) were more likely to enlarge the farm scale for grain production through land rental markets but decrease variable investment levels (and subsequently decreased productivity) to cope with price decline. In contrast, nonprofessional farmers (the other rural tenants) were rather pessimistic about market performance, and they significantly decreased their grain production area to cope the price decline, but there was no decrease in grain productivity through reducing variable inputs.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the extant literature on the relationship between farmers' land renting-in behavior and agricultural production. By dividing the tenants into professional and nonprofessional farmers, we argue that there is a significant heterogeneous correlation between rural tenants' land renting behavior and grain production when farmers experience a price decline.

Details

China Agricultural Economic Review, vol. 13 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/CAER-04-2019-0066
ISSN: 1756-137X

Keywords

  • Price decline
  • Land rental market
  • Grain production
  • Heterogeneous strategies
  • North China Plain

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Book part
Publication date: 18 January 2013

Improve and Sit: The Surrendering of Land at Rents Below Marginal Product in Nineteenth-Century Valencia, Spain

Samuel Garrido

In formulating his theory of land rent, Ricardo did not take into account the fact that in the Europe of his time relationships between landlords and tenants were often…

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Abstract

In formulating his theory of land rent, Ricardo did not take into account the fact that in the Europe of his time relationships between landlords and tenants were often regulated by customs that kept rents below marginal product, sometimes even in the long term. Since all those customs had a number of points in common, understanding the logic governing one of them can be a very useful way to gain an overall understanding of the phenomenon. This chapter analyses a case of such customs in the area of market-gardens surrounding the city of Valencia, eastern Spain. Here, tenants were by custom the owners of the improvements they carried out, agricultural efficiency increased, and land rents stagnated. The chapter addresses issues such as cooperation among large groups of people, definition of rights and the creation of property rights by means of social conventions that clashed with law.

Details

Research in Economic History
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0363-3268(2013)0000029006
ISBN: 978-1-78190-557-9

Keywords

  • Property rights
  • agrarian contracts
  • tenant farmers
  • Valencia
  • Spain

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Article
Publication date: 1 May 1986

Natural Law and the Political Economy of Henry George

Roger J. Sandilands

Henry George's fame in the fields of economics, politics and literature rests largely on his powerful book, Progress and Poverty, first published in 1879. The centenary of…

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Henry George's fame in the fields of economics, politics and literature rests largely on his powerful book, Progress and Poverty, first published in 1879. The centenary of this event sparked a modest revival of interest in George's work among academic economists, including a special session devoted to him at the December 1979 American Economics Association meetings in Atlanta. Generally, however, his work has been neglected by twentieth‐century economists and, as Robert Heilbroner (1969) remarked, he is cast as a member of the economics “underworld”. If any economics undergraduate has heard his name it is usually through a passing reference in a first‐year textbook to the Single Tax Movement. The impression is then given by the text that George was a single‐issue fanatic. The student is told that a tax on land rents is theoretically interesting and that it would have no disincentive effects but that it is either impractical to separate land from improvements or that rents are not sufficiently important to warrant much attention to them as a major source of government finance.

Details

Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 13 no. 5
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/eb002635
ISSN: 0144-3585

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Article
Publication date: 8 May 2018

Off-farm employment, land renting and concentration of farmland in the process of urbanization: Chinese evidence

Weiliang Su, Tor Eriksson and Linxiu Zhang

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of off-farm employment on the concentration of farmland via households’ land rental activities in rural China.

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of off-farm employment on the concentration of farmland via households’ land rental activities in rural China.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses Probit and Tobit models to estimate the effect of off-farm employment on land rental activities. Furthermore, the paper compares the degree of land concentration between pre-renting and post-renting in terms of Gini coefficients of farmland ownership at village level.

Findings

The authors find that off-farm employment has a positive effect on the renting out farmland, and insignificant effect on renting in farmland. Moreover, off-farm employment intensifies the concentration of farmland from small farms toward big farms by renting activities.

Originality/value

The authors believe that the results will contribute positively to the assessment of the effect of off-farm employment on land concentration in the context of the urbanization process in China.

Details

China Agricultural Economic Review, vol. 10 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/CAER-10-2016-0169
ISSN: 1756-137X

Keywords

  • Concentration of farmland
  • Land rental activity
  • Off-employment
  • D13
  • O13
  • Q2

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Article
Publication date: 27 January 2012

The effect of off‐farm employment on the decisions of households to rent out and rent in cultivated land in China

Jikun Huang, Liangliang Gao and Scott Rozelle

Developing nations need good cultivated land rental markets to foster rational resource use and to enhance productivity and equity. Can cultivated land rental markets…

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Purpose

Developing nations need good cultivated land rental markets to foster rational resource use and to enhance productivity and equity. Can cultivated land rental markets emerge in the face of rapidly developing off‐farm labor markets? The purpose of this paper is to measure the correlation between the emergence of off‐farm employment and cultivated land rental in China.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a panel data from 2000 and 2008, the authors constructed econometric models to identify the impact of off‐farm employment on the decisions of households to rent out and rent in cultivated land.

Findings

This paper finds that the emergence of off‐farm employment has significant and positive impacts on stimulating household to rent out cultivated land. The effect is less prominent for renting‐in decisions.

Originality/value

The paper empirically estimates the impacts of off‐farm employment on cultivated land rent markets based on a unique panel data set from a national representative sample.

Details

China Agricultural Economic Review, vol. 4 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17561371211196748
ISSN: 1756-137X

Keywords

  • China
  • Agriculture
  • Land
  • Off‐farm employment
  • Cultivated land rental market

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Article
Publication date: 22 December 2020

Institution-monopoly rent and competition amongst China's local governments: a Marxist analytical framework

Jie Meng and Fenghua Wu

As a crucial institutional form established since the Chinese economic reform, the system of competitive local governments has been shaping the characteristics of China's…

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Abstract

Purpose

As a crucial institutional form established since the Chinese economic reform, the system of competitive local governments has been shaping the characteristics of China's socialist market economy to a considerable degree.

Design/methodology/approach

This study not only adopts the view of existing studies that attribute the economic motive of local governments to rent and consider land public finance as a means through which local governments carry out strategic investment but also attempts to further develop the view within a Marxist analytical framework.

Findings

As a result, the local governments have helped to maintain an incredibly high investment rate over a considerable period of time, facilitating the continuous, rapid growth of the Chinese economy.

Originality/value

This study concludes that China's local governments function as the productive allocator and user of rent in the strategic investment based on land public finance and thereby embed themselves in the relative surplus-value production initially arising from competition amongst enterprises, forming the dual structure of relative surplus-value production unique to China's economy.

Details

China Political Economy, vol. 3 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/CPE-10-2020-0018
ISSN: 2516-1652

Keywords

  • Local government competition
  • Class-monopoly rent
  • Economic role of the state
  • Relative surplus-value production

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Book part
Publication date: 15 June 2012

An Austrian Theory of Spatial Land

Fred E. Foldvary

Classical economics recognizes three categories of inputs into production: land, labor, and capital goods. The three factors are also germane to Austrian economics.

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Abstract

Classical economics recognizes three categories of inputs into production: land, labor, and capital goods. The three factors are also germane to Austrian economics.

Details

The Spatial Market Process
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1529-2134(2012)0000016004
ISBN: 978-1-78190-006-2

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Book part
Publication date: 15 July 2009

Henry George, the transatlantic Irish, and their times

Ross B. Emmett and Kenneth C. Wenzer

The position of these Irish agitators is illogical and untenable; the remedy they propose is no remedy at all – nevertheless they are talking about the tenure of land and…

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The position of these Irish agitators is illogical and untenable; the remedy they propose is no remedy at all – nevertheless they are talking about the tenure of land and the right to land; and thus a question of worldwide importance is coming to the front.3

Details

Henry George, the Transatlantic Irish, and their Times
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0743-4154(2009)000027B004
ISBN: 978-1-84855-658-4

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