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The purpose of this paper is to enlighten the prophylactic aspect of cultured milk products, which render it suitable for lactose‐intolerant subjects.

The paper outlines the significance of lactase enzyme and the mechanism of lactase digestion. This is followed by a discussion of lactase activities in starter cultures and cultured milk products for lactose‐intolerant participants. Factors affecting lactase activity are described.

Starter cultures possess the enzyme β‐galactosidase, required for lactose hydrolysis and their application led to the development of a number of cultured milk products, which are more easily digestible than milk by lactose‐intolerant individuals. Reasons attributable for better digestion of cultured milk products than milk are reduction in lactose content, increase in microbial lactase enzyme, stimulation of host's mucosal lactase activity and slower transit of cultured milk products as compared to milk.

Consumption of cultured milk products by lactose‐intolerant recipients is suggested.

Goats milk has been said to be a suitable alternative to cows milk for people with lactose intolerance and cows milk protein intolerance, but most of the evidence is anecdotal. This review discusses some of the marginal differences which distinguish goats milk from cows milk, leading to suggestions that in certain cases goats milk may be tolerated differently from cows milk. Most of the current evidence, however, appears to refute this claim, with little support for the anecdotal reports. Where any food intolerance is suspected, professional advice should always be obtained to ensure that the diet (especially for children) is well balanced. More research and controlled clinical trials are needed to clarify some of the issues raised.

Lactose intolerance (LI) is a disturbing gastrointestinal disorder with a high prevalence in all parts of the world, especially in Asian countries. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of LI in students from Zabol, Iran.

Based on cluster random sampling method, 887 subjects were selected for the study. Of all, 54.7 per cent of the students were boys. The mean (±SD) of age, weight and body mass index (BMI) for participants were 13.27 ± 1.14 years, 42.12 ± 10.25 kg and 18.7 ± 3.9 kg/m², respectively. LI was assessed using a validated self-administered questionnaire. After measuring the anthropometric indices, students were asked to ingest 200cc of milk. The questionnaires were completed 2 h after the ingestion of milk.

In total, 25.8 per cent of the adolescents had LI. Of all, 1, 4.6, 11, 30.2 and 53.2 per cent of affected students had severe, relatively severe, moderate, relatively mild and mild LI, respectively. The association between LI and gender, and BMI was not significant (p > 0.05 for both); however, the association between LI and the history of LI in parents (OR = 2.06; 95 per cent CI: 1.47-2.88; p < 0.001), and breakfast consumption was significant (OR = 1.49; 95 per cent CI: 1.04-2.14; p = 0.028).

Although the prevalence of LI is noticeable, majority of adolescents had mild and relatively mild LI. Parents’ history and breakfast consumption are related to the rate of LI prevalence. Appropriate strategies should be considered to prevent breakfast skipping.

Lactose intolerance is lactose digestive disorder due to lactase enzyme deficiency. This can affect the quality of life by restricting the intake of certain foods. The aim of this study is to show the lactose intolerance to the restriction in food intake and quality of life.

This study was conducted with adults aged 18–60 years. A survey was used to gather information on the demographic characteristics of the patients and their symptoms related to lactose intolerance. In addition, the Visual Analog Scale was administered to identify common symptoms and the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-Bref Quality of Life Scale to determine their quality of life.

The average quality of life subscale scores was 56.25 ± 14.06 for physical, 58.29 ± 11.72 for mental, 63.28 ± 21.35 for social and 62.36 ± 16.37 for environmental. When VAS scores obtained for the common digestive system symptoms in lactose intolerance were compared with Quality of Life scores; it was found that physical life quality scores decreased (r = −0.239, p = 0.030) as the complaints of diarrhea increased and physical and environmental life quality decreased (r = −0.316, p = 0.004/r = −0.277, p = 0.012, respectively) as abdominal pain increased.

People reduce dairy consumption due to digestive system complaints. Therefore, it is important to inform the people about the effects of lactose intolerance because discomfort caused by intolerance can affect nutrient intake and lower the quality of life.

The way of thought and vision and memory is that they often come upon you unexpectedly, presenting nothing new but usually with a clarity and emphasis that it all seems new. This will sometimes happen after a long period of indecision or when things are extremely difficult, as they have long been for the country, in most homes and among ordinary individuals. Watching one's life savings dwindle away, the nest‐egg laid down for security in an uncertain world, is a frightening process. This has happened to the nation, once the richest in the world, and ot its elderly people, most of them taught the habit of saving in early youth. We are also taught that what has been is past changing; the clock cannot be put back, and the largesse—much of it going to unprincipled spongers—distributed by a spendthrift Government as token relief is no answer, not even to present difficulties. The response can only come by a change of heart in those whose brutal selfishness have caused it all; and this may be a long time in coming. In the meantime, it is a useful exercise to consider our assets, to recognize those which must be protected at all costs and upon which, when sanity returns, the future depends.

States that lactose intolerance can occur in both healthy and diseased individuals and presents a literature review of work undertaken examining this condition. Describes briefly the development and distribution of lactose intolerance throughout the world.

Summarises the findings of the British Nutrition Foundation Task Force report Adverse Reactions to Food.

The flatulent effect of beans is universally known and has, undoubtedly, been a source of discomfort throughout history. It has even been proposed as an explanation for Pythagoras' otherwise puzzling ban on the eating of beans by the members of the philosophical school which he founded in Ancient Greece. It would be incorrect to imagine, however, that the problem is now of little social concern beyond the school playground, within which it is the topic of countless jokes and speculations.

Purpose – This paper aims to describe a product innovation and management approach that is in use by one small enterprise that may be of value to others. Design/methodology/approach – The case describes an approach to new product development and management. The organization's original name as well as individual managers' names have been changed at its request. Findings – The paper provides information and action approaches to new product developers in small organizations. Often smaller organizations lack the resources to approach product innovation and management in a systemized way. The small organization featured was able to innovate systematically despite a very small level of resources. In addition, it was in a position to perform product management when the situation warranted. Their results offer implications for new product development and management teams in other small to medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). Research limitations/implications – As in all case studies, the specific conditions found in one organization may not be found more generally in others. Readers are cautioned that the conclusions drawn in the case may have limited applicability. Practical implications – The case depicts the process that one small firm used to innovate. It lacked frills and complexity but worked effectively. Originality/value – The case describes an intuitive approach to innovation born of great experience with the benefits of a product. It illustrates that the truest description of the voice of the customer comes from the customer himself.