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THE mechanical properties of 112 nominally identical glass reinforced laminates prepared by four different organisations have been determined. A statistical analysis of the results investigated the effect of variability in the raw materials and laminating techniques. It was concluded that the total variability was approximately 7 per cent.

A Description of Mallinson Mallite E.G.B. Floor Used in the Passenger and Freight Compartment of the Short Turbo‐Skyvan and the Results of Some of the Tests carried out to find the best Combination of Metal and Balsa Thicknesses. THE maximum payload of the Short Turbo‐Skyvan, which was fully described in the January 1965 issue of AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING, is 4,000 lb. This may consist of eighteen passengers with their luggage, or a motor vehicle, or a full load of freight, or a mixture of these.

The Paris/Le Bourget International Air and Space Show is the world's oldest international show and is of considerable importance. It will have 548 exhibitors from 23 countries and there will be 165,000 square metres of display area — with 10,000 square metres for the out‐door static exhibits. The numbers of chalets is to be increased by 55.

For many years it has been the College of Aeronautics' philosophy that the best way to teach aircraft design is to actually do it. To this end the Aircraft Design MSc students perform an annual group design project based on types of aircraft that are of current interest.

This study aims to examine how crude palm oil (CPO) price impacts corporate default risk (CDR) of agricultural firms in Indonesia’s palm oil industry.

By applying a dynamic panel regression on listed CPO-based firms, the authors find that CPO price fluctuations are insignificant in explaining CDR.

The main determinants of CDR are internal factors, namely, excess stock market returns and return on assets. External factors do not play any role in influencing the CDR in the case of Indonesia. The results highlight the importance of completing risk analysis at the macro level with firm-specific factors.

The contributions aside, an important limitation of this study is that there is a small sample of listed firms. Most of these firms have the ability to mitigate risks. Therefore, further studies are needed to identify the default predictions for non-listed firms.

In the context of macro prudential policy in Indonesia, the findings imply that financial stability surveillance needs to be carried out in two areas: macroeconomic indicators and firm-specific indicators. Given the lack of listed CPO firms in Indonesia, the object of surveillance should focus on not only listed firms but also non-listed firms with large bank loans.

This study highlights the importance of completing risk analysis at the macro level with firm-specific factors in Indonesia as commodity exporting country.

SIMPLICITY is the keynote of the Britten‐Norman Ltd. Islander light transport aircraft. Simple in construction and with simple systems, the whole conception of the aircraft was based on the specific needs of the third level or commuter airlines and the air taxi companies for an economical and efficient aircraft with excellent payload capacity over relatively short distances. The fundamental design philosophy behind the Islander was to bring a new low level of operating cost and the potential of a high level of profitability to short haul air transport. For many years the general trend in aircraft manufacture has been to make transport aircraft larger, faster and more complicated; this has applied just as much to small aircraft for the air taxi or feeder‐line operator as to intercontinental airliners, although perhaps not in quite so dramatic a fashion as occurred with the introduction of the Boeing 747 which presented the airlines with an aircraft having double the capacity of its predecessor. The men behind the Islander, Mr John Britten, C.B.E., and Mr Desmond Norman, C.B.E., Joint Managing Directors of Britten‐Norman Ltd., were convinced of the need for a robust utility aeroplane from their early experiences in operating a scheduled service commuter route in the Cameroons. As they saw it, there was a gap in the market for an aircraft designed to have minimum capital cost per saleable passenger scat on short haul sectors. In keeping with this philosophy the airframe structure had to be simple and designed with the fatigue problems of small aircraft very much in mind. Laminations were to be used extensively for spars, inter‐spar stringers and skin‐plating to cut machining costs and to simplify repairs. A high standard of corrosion proofing was needed to give reliability and for operation in all parts of the world. Ancillary equipment that was already proven and in world‐wide use was specified so that the reliability would be of a high order and spares would be easily available. Low wing loading and a high power to weight ratio were necessary to give S.T.O.L. performance without the use of expensive and sophisticated flaps. A large pay‐load capacity together with a cabin that could be quickly adapted for passengers, freight, ambulance, photographic and geophysical survey, agriculture, parachuting and many other roles were also essential requirements.

WHEN attempting to discuss the structural philosophy of the B.206, it is necessary to go back to the closing days of 1960, when it was decided that the newly formed Beagle Aircraft Company would produce a twin engined executive aircraft along the lines of the existing American products of the day. A very rigid time scale was fixed for the project since it was deemed essential to have a first aircraft flying not later than September, 1961. The urgency of this time scale precluded too deep an excursion into unconventional structural solutions since these would have had to be backed by a considerable amount of development tests, the facilities for such tests not being in existence at Beagle in those early days. However, whilst well tried conventional solutions were adopted, the dictates of weight control and structural efficiency were obeyed and a certain amount of fairly advanced structural solutions based on the use of Redux bonding were attempted.

THE British aircraft industry will only survive if it is competitive in the world's markets. This applies in both the civil and military fields. Since the main function of an aeroplane is to provide the most economic means of transportation — or weapons system — any symposium on any manufacturing technique must regard the value of engineering aspect as paramount. Thus, R. & D. into welding is not just a pleasant academic exercise and it must be justified by its ability to provide more economic aircraft.

In the continuing struggle against corrosion one of the most difficult problems to contend with is that of internal corrosion in inaccessible areas. Surfaces which cannot conveniently be coated with paints, lacquers or protective oils, and yet which are subject to corrosion arising from the condensation of moisture, can be extremely difficult to preserve.