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1 – 10 of 196Purpose – The author investigates how those who have engaged in political violence in the UK understand Prevent’s preemptive rationality, and how Prevent conceptualizes the…
Abstract
Purpose – The author investigates how those who have engaged in political violence in the UK understand Prevent’s preemptive rationality, and how Prevent conceptualizes the trajectory toward “terrorism” in relation to the testimony of those who have engaged in “terrorist” violence and were convicted of terrorism offences.
Methodology/Approach – The author takes the assumptions that Prevent makes about risk (from the Prevent Strategy and other documents), and tests these against the testimony of former combatants from “the Troubles.”
Findings – Despite the trajectory toward violence not being considered to differ fundamentally nor demonstrated through evidence to operate differently from one era to the next, the premise of Prevent’s assumptions of the movement into violence and former combatant testimony are entirely foreign to each other.
Originality/Value – Although militants from “the Troubles” (a conflict ending in 1998) and Prevent (established in 2003) are speaking about the same country and narrating their “truth” within five years of each other, the differences in how former combatants and Prevent understand the trajectory toward violence have not been considered. This has remained a significant omission of terrorism scholarship.
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Samuel Mongrut, Luis Berggrun, Klender Cortez Alejandro and Martha del Pilar Rodríguez García
The study aims to examine the impact of intellectual and social capital in funding businesses.
Abstract
Purpose
The study aims to examine the impact of intellectual and social capital in funding businesses.
Design/methodology/approach
The study made use of fixed-effects panel data models with a sample of 142 countries from the five continents during the period 1998–2018.
Findings
It was found that human capital (HC), relational capital, structural capital and social capital play a role in investors’ decisions to fund a business. The study revealed that investors’ funding decisions in low human development index countries are based mainly on education, while those in high human development index countries are based mainly on the creativity component of HC and on relational, structural and social capital.
Research limitations/implications
The study needs to be replicated using firm-level data within each country. Moreover, the search for new proxies for intellectual and social capital (although the list of variables is exhaustive) both at the country and firm level, constitutes an interesting avenue for future research.
Practical implications
Countries should pay attention to intellectual and social capital to encourage business activity. In particular, low human development countries should strengthen HC, such as the school enrollment rate, with early entrepreneurial training and increase research and development investments, while high human development countries should continue to foster strategic alliances, protect intellectual property and maintain or increase the level of trust in the country.
Originality/value
The study contributes to literature by being the first to explore such a variety of intellectual and social capital variables from a country-level perspective.
Objetivo
El estudio tiene como objetivo examinar el impacto del capital intelectual y social en la financiación de las empresas.
Diseño/metodología/enfoque
Utilizamos modelos de datos de panel de efectos fijos con una muestra de 142 países de los cinco continentes durante el periodo 1998-2018.
Resultados
Encontramos que el capital humano (CH), el capital relacional, el capital estructural y el capital social juegan un papel en las decisiones de los inversionistas para financiar un negocio. Encontramos que las decisiones de financiamiento de los inversionistas en los países con bajo índice de desarrollo humano se basan principalmente en la educación, mientras que las de los países con alto índice de desarrollo humano se basan principalmente en el componente de creatividad del CH y en el capital relacional, estructural y social.
Limitaciones/implicaciones de la investigación
Sugerimos replicar el estudio utilizando datos a nivel de empresa dentro de cada país. Por otra parte, la búsqueda de nuevos indicadores de capital intelectual y social (aunque nuestra lista de variables es exhaustiva) tanto a nivel de país como de empresa, constituye una vía interesante para futuras investigaciones.
Implicaciones prácticas
Los países deben prestar atención al capital intelectual y social para fomentar la actividad empresarial. En particular, los países con bajo desarrollo humano deberían fortalecer el CH, como la tasa de matriculación escolar, con una formación empresarial temprana y aumentar las inversiones en investigación y desarrollo, mientras que los países con un alto nivel de desarrollo humano deberían seguir fomentando las alianzas estratégicas, proteger la propiedad intelectual y mantener o aumentar el nivel de confianza en el país.
Originalidad/valor
El estudio contribuye a la literatura al ser el primero en explorar tal variedad de variables de capital intelectual y social desde una perspectiva a nivel de país.
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Khin Thida San and Yoon Seok Chang
The purpose of this study is to solve NP-Hard drone routing problem for the last-mile distribution. This is suitable for the multi-drones parcel delivery for the various items…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to solve NP-Hard drone routing problem for the last-mile distribution. This is suitable for the multi-drones parcel delivery for the various items from a warehouse to many locations.
Design/methodology/approach
This study conducts as a mission assignment of the single location per flight with the constraint satisfactions such as various payloads in weight, drone speeds, flight times and coverage distances. A genetic algorithm is modified as the concurrent heuristics approach (GCH), which has the knapsack problem dealing initialization, gene elitism (crossover) and gene replacement (mutation). Those proposed operators can reduce the execution time consuming and enhance the routing assignment of multiple drones. The evaluation value of the routing assignment can be calculated from the chromosome/individual representation by applying the proposed concurrent fitness.
Findings
This study optimizes the total traveling time to accomplish the distribution. GCH is flexible and can provide a result according to the first-come-first-served, demanded weight or distance priority.
Originality/value
GCH is an alternative option, which differs from conventional vehicle routing researches. Such researches (traveling time optimization) attempt to minimize the total traveling time, distance or the number of vehicles by assuming all vehicles have the same traveling speed; therefore, a specific vehicle assignment to a location is neglected. Moreover, the main drawback is those concepts can lead the repeated selection of best quality vehicles concerning the speed without considering the vehicle fleet size and coverage distance while this study defines the various speeds for the vehicles. Unlike those, the concurrent concept ensures a faster delivery accomplishment by sharing the work load with all participant vehicles concerning to their different capabilities. If the concurrent assignment is applied to the drone delivery effectively, the entire delivery can be accomplished relatively faster than the traveling time optimization.
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Jarosław Karpacz and Anna Wojcik-Karpacz
The authors analyzed the relationship between learning orientation (LO) and performance in micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) by investigating the moderating role…
Abstract
Purpose
The authors analyzed the relationship between learning orientation (LO) and performance in micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) by investigating the moderating role of environmental dynamism to answer the need for systematic research of models between LO and firm performance (FP).
Design/methodology/approach
The authors investigated the (in)direct relationship between LO and FP. The authors collected data from 182 MSMEs operating in technology parks (TPs) in Poland. The authors used two methods in the quantitative empirical research. The authors used linear regression models to test the hypotheses, which allowed for a global assessment of relationships among all analyzed variables. Dynamic capabilities (DCs) framework guided the study.
Findings
The study results show that FP benefits from LO-related behaviors. LO is an important stimulant of FP. Meanwhile, the authors did not classify market dynamism (MD) as a moderator of the LO-FP relationship.
Research limitations/implications
By design, the authors surveyed only MSMEs open to participate in the survey, which potentially limits generalizability. Furthermore, future researchers may consider other types of strategic orientations (SOs) to further explain the impact of multiple SOs on FP in specific industries.
Originality/value
This article presents arguments that allow for recognizing LO as a strategic organizational factor shaping FP.
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Yu.G. Chernysheva and G. I. Shepelenko
The authors investigate the essence of individual entrepreneurship activities’ strategy; they provide characteristics of survival, growth, and product strategies; they also prove…
Abstract
The authors investigate the essence of individual entrepreneurship activities’ strategy; they provide characteristics of survival, growth, and product strategies; they also prove the reasons for overwhelming use of survival strategy compared to growth strategy to ensure individual entrepreneurship activities. The importance of forming a proper product strategy to survive in the severe competition is shown. The authors suggest estimating the compliance of the chosen strategy with the potential and opportunities of an entrepreneur and assessing risks built in the strategy. The authors also suggest monitoring the growth goals and controlling their compliance with the chosen strategy.
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Anatoliy B. Yaroshchuk, Azamat Yu. Guliev and Mikhail N. Mikhaylenko
The chapter aims to consider current approaches to brand management and brand value assessment with substantive analysis of the positions of Russian and foreign scientists.
Abstract
Purpose
The chapter aims to consider current approaches to brand management and brand value assessment with substantive analysis of the positions of Russian and foreign scientists.
Design/Methodology/Approach
Considering the numerous definitions outlined in scientific and educational literature, the author's definition of the term ‘brand’ is given; the history of development and current approaches to the definition and identification of the role and importance of branding in large international and domestic companies are analysed; attention is focused on the features and stages of branding in companies. Particular attention is paid to the essence and relationship of strategic company management and brand valuation.
Findings
The authors reveal proactive branding as a transition from unbranded goods to consumer loyalty. A matrix of brand strategies is drawn up. Professional marketing standards for entrepreneurs are systematised. The management of the brand's life cycle in the matrix ‘profitability – the cost of the brand’ is proposed.
Originality/Value
The authors define prospects and provide recommendations for improving the practice of brand management and brand value assessment, making it possible to increase the effectiveness of strategic marketing business management.
Murniati Murniati, Ghozali Maski, Iswan Noor and Marlina Ekawaty
Entrepreneurship is one of the economic support systems that promote economic growth in Indonesia. Indonesia as a country with good tourism spots has enormous potential to create…
Abstract
Entrepreneurship is one of the economic support systems that promote economic growth in Indonesia. Indonesia as a country with good tourism spots has enormous potential to create jobs. The greater the job opportunity, the lower the unemployment. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of entrepreneurs in the tourism industry in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the method used is a quantitative descriptive approach with logit regression method where four variables are found, namely entrepreneurship, location, gender, and marital status which have a significant positive relationship with the tourism industry. But on the other hand, the location variable also has a significant negative effect on the tourism industry. This study can contribute to government policies to improve Indonesia’s economic development by increasing the productivity of human resources in the tourism industry.
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Kavita Dahiya, Sanjay Taneja and Ercan Özen
Purpose: The concept of sustainability in the livelihood of rural people is the central point for the discussion for policymakers. Different policies for poverty reduction…
Abstract
Purpose: The concept of sustainability in the livelihood of rural people is the central point for the discussion for policymakers. Different policies for poverty reduction, developing economies, and environment management are not capable of using multimedia technology for rural entrepreneurial development.
Need of the Study: The study analyses the impact of multi-media and tries to understand its significance for rural enterprises to contribute to developing entrepreneurship in rural areas to minimise poverty.
Methodology: This research analysed a framework that highlights that multi-media technology offers different ways to earn a sustainable livelihood by enhancing the range of advanced technology, access to information assets, increased social networks, information transfer system, and modernisation of traditional working. A total of 450 rural entrepreneurs were contacted to collect the data from 6 different divisions of Haryana through a questionnaire on 5-point scale. A purposive sampling technique was used for primary data collection.
Findings: The multi-media technology influences rural entrepreneurial development through certain organisational factors, new products and services, improved customer service, generation of employment opportunities over time, increased loyalty, and novel combination of resources within the specific context.
Practical Implications: The study concludes the capabilities may be utilised up to maximum advantages that increase with the use of multi-media technology in the rural framework.
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Melaku Abegaz and Pascal Ngoboka
This paper examines household and community characteristics that influence the entry of rural households into non-farm entrepreneurship and investigates the various factors that…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper examines household and community characteristics that influence the entry of rural households into non-farm entrepreneurship and investigates the various factors that influence the market exit of non-farm enterprises (NFEs).
Design/methodology/approach
The authors use data from three rounds (2011/12, 2013/14 and 2015/16) of the World Bank’s Living Standards Measurement Study – Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA). The authors employ panel logit and multilevel logit models to examine the probability of opening one or more enterprises and the enterprise exit rates.
Findings
Results indicate that the likelihood of starting a NFE is positively associated with primary education attainment, access to credit, experiencing idiosyncratic shocks and availability of formal financial institutions. Age, higher education attainment and rising farm input prices constrain entry into non-farm entrepreneurship. The enterprise exit rate is negatively associated with small-town residence, wealth, access to tar/gravel roads and cellphone communication.
Practical implications
Policymakers and administrators should strive to address the challenges that communities face in transportation, communication and financial services. Policies aimed at stabilizing prices and increasing access to mobile communication, primary education and road infrastructure could help expand the rural non-farm sector.
Originality/value
Previous studies primarily examined the determinants of participation in NFEs at a given time using cross-sectional data. The current study uses panel data to study the dynamics of NFE ownership by investigating households’ decisions to enter into or exit from the sector.
Peer review
The peer review history for this article is available at https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-09-2022-0611
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Shahamak Rezaei, Jizhen Li, Shayegheh Ashourizadeh, Veland Ramadani and Shqipe Gërguri-Rashiti
Women Entrepreneurship has received increasing attention over the past decade. In particular, a new area dealing with women entrepreneurs in the developing societies. The aim of…
Abstract
Women Entrepreneurship has received increasing attention over the past decade. In particular, a new area dealing with women entrepreneurs in the developing societies. The aim of this study is how is women entrepreneurship in developing economies? More specifically, we are excavating various questions at the individual and institutional level. The results of this study contribute to understanding the importance of the context on women entrepreneurs’ activities. Additionally, it systematically provides a comprehensive framework at multilevel analyses to cover all aspects of women entrepreneurship in developing countries. Ultimately, knowing women entrepreneurship in developing countries helps policymakers provide a firm ground for self-employment of women.
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