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More than 2,000 Korean and US television commercials were analysed to determine how soon, how long and how many times the brand, company name and product are presented. These variables represent important decisions that must be made by those who create television commercials. Significant differences between US and Korean television advertising were found. Cultural differences are identified that: (1) suggest reasons for differences in television advertising between countries and (2) provide guidance for international advertising managers who supervise creative personnel doing advertising in Korea and the US.

China is currently developing and promoting an industrial cluster policy at the government level. By enacting the ‘Opinion on promoting industrial cluster development’, China is supporting the development of industrial clusters. Building an industrial cluster is done by using a single factor but requires many additional factors like regional characteristics, competitiveness factors are also diversified. To evaluate the competitiveness of the Chinese automobile industry cluster, a competitiveness element index should be developed and a competitiveness evaluation method is needed to evaluate the importance of each element. To accomplish this objective, this research applied the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and focused on the importance of the competitiveness elements.

This research investigated the character is tics regarding cases of clusters and also analyzed the competitiveness of the Changchun automobile cluster located in northeastern China. The purpose of this research is to help Korean enterprises who enter China in the hopes that Korea will emerge as a top automobile production country.