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Article
Publication date: 7 October 2019

Adversarial factors in multi-stakeholders’ engagement of global-IT projects

Krishnan Mysore, Konstantinos Kirytopoulos, Seungjun Ahn and Tony Ma

Adverse situations negatively impact project stakeholders’ engagement. Past research has sporadically investigated adverse situations affecting stakeholder engagement but…

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Abstract

Purpose

Adverse situations negatively impact project stakeholders’ engagement. Past research has sporadically investigated adverse situations affecting stakeholder engagement but lacks a thorough empirical investigation. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach

A web survey was designed to address the knowledge gap of the identification of the impactful adverse situations during multi-stakeholder engagement. The research yielded 144 completed responses from multi-stakeholders engaged in globally distributed ICT projects.

Findings

Exploratory factor analysis revealed eight factors that underpin 26 adverse situations. The top factors, ranked in terms of importance according to their Relative Importance Index (RII) are: dysfunctional conflicts, dearth of reasoning, glitches in project governance, clash of personalities.

Research limitations/implications

This research reveals the factors that can impact engagement in the form of meaningful clusters and dimensions and opens-up a future research agenda toward causation and mitigation studies related to adversarial stakeholder engagement. The study focuses on globally distributed ICT projects and has not explored generalizability in other sectors.

Practical implications

This research enables project managers and stakeholder analysts to get an understanding on the importance of different dimensions of adverse situations in the way stakeholders think, act and emote.

Social implications

Awareness on the potential adversarial stakeholder engagement helps in effectively managing the sustained stakeholder relationships and mental well-being of project stakeholders.

Originality/value

This research contributes to project management practice, as it reveals the underlying factors of adverse situations occurring during multi-stakeholders’ engagement, provides clarity on their components and ranks them in terms of importance for their overall effect on stakeholders’ engagement.

Details

International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMPB-01-2019-0014
ISSN: 1753-8378

Keywords

  • Global projects
  • Stakeholder engagement
  • Project challenges
  • Project stakeholder management
  • Information technology projects
  • Exploratory factor analysis (EFA)

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Article
Publication date: 18 November 2019

Construction delay risk taxonomy, associations and regional contexts: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Hossein Derakhshanfar, J. Jorge Ochoa, Konstantinos Kirytopoulos, Wolfgang Mayer and Vivian W.Y. Tam

The purpose of this paper is to systematically develop a delay risk terminology and taxonomy. This research also explores two external and internal dimensions of the…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to systematically develop a delay risk terminology and taxonomy. This research also explores two external and internal dimensions of the taxonomy to determine how much the taxonomy as a whole or combinations of its elements are generalisable.

Design/methodology/approach

Using mixed methods research, this systematic literature review incorporated data from 46 articles to establish delay risk terminology and taxonomy. Qualitative data of the top 10 delay risks identified in each article were coded based on the grounded theory and constant comparative analysis using a three-stage coding approach. Word frequency analysis and cross-tabulation were used to develop the terminology and taxonomy. Association rules within the taxonomy were also explored to define risk paths and to unmask associations among the risks.

Findings

In total, 26 delay risks were identified and grouped into ten categories to form the risk breakdown structure. The universal delay risks and other delay risks that are more or less depending on the project location were determined. Also, it is realized that delays connected to equipment, sub-contractors and design drawings are highly connected to project planning, finance and owner slow decision making, respectively.

Originality/value

The established terminology and taxonomy may be used in manual or automated risk management systems as a baseline for delay risk identification, management and communication. In addition, the association rules assist the risk management process by enabling mitigation of a combination of risks together.

Details

Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, vol. 26 no. 10
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-07-2018-0307
ISSN: 0969-9988

Keywords

  • Taxonomy
  • Scheduling
  • Terminology
  • Delay
  • Systematic review
  • Construction planning
  • Project risk management
  • Risk paths
  • Regional contexts
  • Association rules

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Article
Publication date: 16 November 2020

Exploring the underlying relationship among risks in BOT transportation projects in developing countries: the case of Vietnam

Phuong Thi Le, Nicholas Chileshe, Konstantinos Kirytopoulos and Raufdeen Rameezdeen

Despite the fact that extensive studies on public-private partnerships have focused on risk identification and classification, research still lacks concentration on…

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Abstract

Purpose

Despite the fact that extensive studies on public-private partnerships have focused on risk identification and classification, research still lacks concentration on studying the latent structure of risks in build operate transfer (BOT) transportation projects, especially in developing countries. The research was carried out in Vietnam and this paper aims to explore the underlying relationships among risks in the context of BOT transportation projects.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the perception of stakeholders regarding the probability of occurrence and the severity of the impact of risks related to BOT transportation projects. Factor analysis was performed based on a total of 40 risks.

Findings

Seven risk groups were formed as a result of factor analysis, namely, “projects’ viability and political-regulatory risks”, “macroeconomic risks”, “projects’ feasibility study and market risks”, “financial risks”, “organization/coordination and force majeure risks”, “tolling, contractual, approvals risks” and “media and land expropriation risks”.

Originality/value

The research contributes to the current body of knowledge by providing deep insight into the structure of risks in BOT transportation projects in Vietnam through exploring the underlying relationships among risks, to form a latent risk structure from practical viewpoints. The findings are beneficial for involved stakeholders and policymakers to set up and propose suitable management strategies and related policies.

Details

Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction , vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JFMPC-12-2019-0091
ISSN: 1366-4387

Keywords

  • Risk mangement
  • Construction/project management
  • Public-private partnership (PPP)
  • Risks
  • Build operate transfer (BOT)
  • Factor analysis
  • Risk structure

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Article
Publication date: 30 September 2020

A cartography of delay risks in the Australian construction industry: impact, correlations and timing

Hossein Derakhshanfar, J. Jorge Ochoa, Konstantinos Kirytopoulos, Wolfgang Mayer and Craig Langston

The purpose of this research is to identify the most impactful delay risks in Australian construction projects, including the associations amongst those risks as well as…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to identify the most impactful delay risks in Australian construction projects, including the associations amongst those risks as well as the project phases in which they are most likely present. The correlation between project and organisational characteristics with the impact of delay risks was also studied.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire survey was used to collect data from 118 delayed construction projects in Australia. Data were analysed to rank the most impactful delay risks, their correlation to project and organisational characteristics and project phases where those risks are likely to emerge. Association rule learning was used to capture associations between the delay risks.

Findings

The top five most impactful delay risks in Australia were changes by the owner, slow decisions by the owner, preparation and approval of design drawings, underestimation of project complexity and unrealistic duration imposed to the project, respectively. There is a set of delay risks that are mutually associated with project complexity. In addition, while delay risks associated with resources most likely arise in the execution phase, stakeholder and process-related risks are more smoothly distributed along all the project phases.

Originality/value

This research for the first time investigated the impact of delay risks, associations amongst them and project phases in which they are likely to happen in the Australian context. Also, this research for the first time sheds light on the project phases for the individual project delay risks which aids the project managers to understand where to focus on during each phase of the project.

Details

Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-04-2020-0230
ISSN: 0969-9988

Keywords

  • Construction
  • Project risk management
  • Delay
  • Association rules
  • Risk phase analysis

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Article
Publication date: 7 March 2020

Investigating the significance of risks in BOT transportation projects in Vietnam

Phuong Thi Le, Nicholas Chileshe, Konstantinos Kirytopoulos and Raufdeen Rameezdeen

The Built Operate Transfer (BOT) model has been increasingly used in transportation investments in Vietnam. However, there is still an inadequacy of risk management…

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Abstract

Purpose

The Built Operate Transfer (BOT) model has been increasingly used in transportation investments in Vietnam. However, there is still an inadequacy of risk management applications in these projects and lack of research in this area. The study aims to improve the success of projects implemented through the BOT model in Vietnam.

Design/methodology/approach

The study followed a sequential design including interviews and a questionnaire survey to investigate the perception of stakeholders from public and private sector regarding the probability of occurrence and the severity of impact of risks in BOT transportation projects in Vietnam. Quantitative data from the survey was subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics to explore the priority of risks as well as the differences in the perception between the public and private sectors.

Findings

The results showed that the top five most significant risks in BOT transportation projects in Vietnam are: (1) problems with land acquisition and compensation, (2) inappropriate location of toll booths, (3) public resistance to pay, (4) high toll rate and (5) lack of cash flow. With the exception of “lack of cash flow,” there were no statistically significant differences in the rankings of individual risks between the public and private sector. In addition, there is a significant positive correlation in the overall rankings of all risks for both sectors.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the body of knowledge by exploring the probability of occurrence and the severity of the impact of risks in BOT transportation projects in a developing country like Vietnam which has not been extensively explored yet. Second, it provides an insight into the perception of stakeholders from the public and private sector regarding the level of risks which is very useful for potential stakeholders in making decisions when they intend to participate in such partnerships. Third, it enables the Vietnamese government to establish suitable policies related to such projects. These contributions are very important in improving risk management in PPPs in developing countries.

Details

Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, vol. 27 no. 6
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-08-2019-0439
ISSN: 0969-9988

Keywords

  • Public private partnership (PPP)
  • Built Operate Transfer (BOT)
  • Risk
  • Analysis
  • Assessment
  • Priority
  • Ranking transportation
  • Vietnam

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Article
Publication date: 13 September 2019

From “Technical Newbies” to “Optimistic Politicians”: Different factors affecting initial scheduling of IT projects

James Prater, Konstantinos Kirytopoulos and Tony Ma

Despite the advent of sophisticated control methods, there are still significant issues regarding late delivery of information technology projects. The purpose of this…

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Abstract

Purpose

Despite the advent of sophisticated control methods, there are still significant issues regarding late delivery of information technology projects. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the common causes of scheduling problems specifically in the information technology projects context.

Design/methodology/approach

Through a quantitative research, the importance of those causes, as well as the underpinning factors driving them, is explored. The causes are ranked according to their relative important index, and exploratory factor analysis is employed to reveal underlying dimensions (factors) of these causes.

Findings

From the analysis, four factors were extracted, namely, “Dataless Newbie,” “Technical Newbie,” “Pragmatic Futurist” and “Optimistic Politician.” These factors explain the different latent conditions that lead to scheduling problems in information technology projects.

Practical implications

The key contribution of this research is that it enlightens the latent conditions underpinning scheduling problems. Also, the evidence provides that schedule development for information technology projects is impacted by the same causes that impact engineering projects, and that applying a number of mitigation techniques widely used within the engineering area, such as reference class, would, no doubt, not only improve information technology schedules but also reduce the political pressures on the project manager.

Originality/value

This research provides a valuable insight into understanding the underlying factors for poor project estimation.

Details

International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMPB-01-2019-0007
ISSN: 1753-8378

Keywords

  • Estimation
  • Scheduling
  • Information technology
  • Project management
  • Project politics

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Article
Publication date: 10 April 2017

Challenges and competencies for project management in the Australian public service

Carley Blixt and Konstantinos Kirytopoulos

Public sector projects still fail to meet delivery expectations, and the lack of significant project management experience in the Australian public service (APS) has been…

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Abstract

Purpose

Public sector projects still fail to meet delivery expectations, and the lack of significant project management experience in the Australian public service (APS) has been identified as a contributing factor. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the importance of competencies required for delivering public sector projects, as well as challenges faced by the project managers when operating in a public context.

Design/methodology/approach

Qualitative semi-structured interviews were used to enlighten the social and operating construct in APS. In parallel, a quantitative survey was used to determine the relative importance of various competencies to effective project delivery.

Findings

The research concludes that communication, accountability, business alignment, scope and deliverables, change, and project and program orientation are the most important competencies in APS project delivery. Furthermore, there is evidence that the operating environment acts as a barrier to successful project delivery, noting that it does not let project management practice deploy its full potential for increased effectiveness and efficiency.

Practical implications

The research findings noted that the specific needs, values and functions of project management in the APS are not well defined, and therefore there were limited criteria against which public sector project management competencies could be designed and measured.

Originality/value

This empirical research contributes to the open dialogue of improving efficiency in project management within the APS context. The findings point to the conflict between the operational nature of APS agencies and their project activities, and how they struggle to define themselves as project organizations rather than lack of appreciation to individual competencies.

Details

International Journal of Public Sector Management, vol. 30 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-08-2016-0132
ISSN: 0951-3558

Keywords

  • Project management
  • Barriers
  • Competences
  • Challenges
  • Public service organizations

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Article
Publication date: 4 April 2017

Optimism bias within the project management context: A systematic quantitative literature review

James Prater, Konstantinos Kirytopoulos and Tony Ma

One of the major challenges for any project is to prepare and develop an achievable baseline schedule and thus set the project up for success, rather than failure. The…

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Abstract

Purpose

One of the major challenges for any project is to prepare and develop an achievable baseline schedule and thus set the project up for success, rather than failure. The purpose of this paper is to explore and investigate research outputs in one of the major causes, optimism bias, to identify problems with developing baseline schedules and analyse mitigation techniques and their effectiveness recommended by research to minimise the impact of this bias.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic quantitative literature review was followed, examining Project Management Journals, documenting the mitigation approaches recommended and then reviewing whether these approaches were validated by research.

Findings

Optimism bias proved to be widely accepted as a major cause of unrealistic scheduling for projects, and there is a common understanding as to what it is and the effects that it has on original baseline schedules. Based upon this review, the most recommended mitigation method is Flyvbjerg’s “Reference class,” which has been developed based upon Kahneman’s “Outside View”. Both of these mitigation techniques are based upon using an independent third party to review the estimate. However, within the papers reviewed, apart from the engineering projects, there has been no experimental and statistically validated research into the effectiveness of this method. The majority of authors who have published on this topic are based in Europe.

Research limitations/implications

The short-listed papers for this review referred mainly to non-engineering projects which included information technology focussed ones. Thus, on one hand, empirical research is needed for engineering projects, while on the other hand, the lack of tangible evidence for the effectiveness of methods related to the alleviation of optimism bias issues calls for greater research into the effectiveness of mitigation techniques for not only engineering projects, but for all projects.

Originality/value

This paper documents the growth within the project management research literature over time on the topic of optimism bias. Specifically, it documents the various methods recommended to mitigate the phenomenon and highlights quantitatively the research undertaken on the subject. Moreover, it introduces paths for further research.

Details

International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, vol. 10 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMPB-07-2016-0063
ISSN: 1753-8378

Keywords

  • Scheduling
  • Optimism bias
  • Baseline
  • Outside view
  • Reference class forecasting
  • Reference class

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Article
Publication date: 5 October 2010

Integrated management systems: moving from function to organisation/decision view

Vrassidas Leopoulos, Dimitra Voulgaridou, Evangelos Bellos and Konstantinos Kirytopoulos

The integration of management systems is a common need nowadays, thus several paradigms exist in the bibliography for relevant efforts. However, the basic effort seems to…

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Abstract

Purpose

The integration of management systems is a common need nowadays, thus several paradigms exist in the bibliography for relevant efforts. However, the basic effort seems to be mainly at the direction of aligning processes and documents, taking into account only one of four typical views of organisations' modelling (the function view). Since the function view has been widely studied, this paper aims to focus on the organisation/decision view.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed approach focuses on the integrated management system (IMS) with respect to the organisation/decision view and offers a control mechanism which guarantees that requirements from all standards will be taken into consideration, while it proposes the use of a well‐known multi‐criteria decision making technique to support the decision makers. The paper focuses on the organisation/decision view, illustrated through a real case from the chemical industry.

Findings

It is concluded that the integration of management sub‐systems into one IMS should be done with respect to each one of the four enterprise modelling views, namely function, information, resource and organisation/decision view.

Research limitations/implications

The proposed approach is general and can be applied to many integrated systems where decisions have to be taken. However, the selection of the analytic network process as a decision support tool implies that the decision involves both qualitative and quantitative criteria. In cases where only qualitative or only quantitative criteria exist, another decision support tool may be superior.

Originality/value

The originality of the paper stems from the consideration of the organisation/decision view rather than the function view that mostly appears in literature.

Details

The TQM Journal, vol. 22 no. 6
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17542731011085302
ISSN: 1754-2731

Keywords

  • Chemical industries
  • Companies
  • Quality

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Article
Publication date: 11 July 2008

Supplier selection in pharmaceutical industry: An analytic network process approach

Konstantinos Kirytopoulos, Vrassidas Leopoulos and Dimitra Voulgaridou

Evaluating and selecting the best among the offers provided by various suppliers is a complex problem that takes into account both tangible and intangible criteria, which…

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Abstract

Purpose

Evaluating and selecting the best among the offers provided by various suppliers is a complex problem that takes into account both tangible and intangible criteria, which incorporate interdependencies and feedback. The decision making is aggravated by the complexity of supply chain relationships and enterprise strategies especially within enterprise clusters. The aim of this paper is to present a comprehensive method for the evaluation and selection of suppliers' offers in parapharmaceutical industry clusters.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed approach consists of two parts. The former is the comprehension of the supply chain processes within the parapharmaceutical industry in Greece, and the latter is the use of an analytic network process (ANP)‐based method for the selection of the best offer.

Findings

The proposed approach enables the decision maker to visualize the impact of various criteria on the final outcome and documents the evaluation results in such a way that they can be communicated to various stakeholders. The results indicate that quality‐related issues dominate the decision‐making process in the parapharmaceutical industry.

Research limitations/implications

The outcome of the model depends highly on the inputs provided by the decision maker. Moreover, the ANP method is computational intensive, but this limitation can be alleviated by appropriate software tools.

Originality/value

The proposed framework is considered to be an innovative approach for the parapharmaceutical industry as well as enterprise clusters. The criteria set here may be used for nearly every similar industry consisting of active clusters (for example, the apparel industry).

Details

Benchmarking: An International Journal, vol. 15 no. 4
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14635770810887267
ISSN: 1463-5771

Keywords

  • Supply chain management
  • Decision making
  • Suppliers
  • Supplier relations
  • Pharmaceuticals industry
  • Greece

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