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The purpose of this paper is to produce figures showing the carbon footprint of the knowledge industry – from creation to distribution and use of knowledge, and to provide comparative figures for digital distribution and access.

An extensive literature search and environmental scan was conducted to produce data relating to the CO2 emissions from various industries and activities such as book and journal production, photocopying activities, information technology and the internet. Other sources such as the International Energy Agency (IEA), Carbon Monitoring for Action (CARMA ), Copyright Licensing Agency, UK (CLA), Copyright Agency Limited, Australia (CAL), etc., have been used to generate emission figures for production and distribution of print knowledge products versus digital distribution and access.

The current practices for production and distribution of printed knowledge products generate an enormous amount of CO2. It is estimated that the book industry in the UK and USA alone produces about 1.8 million tonnes and about 11.27 million tonnes of CO2 respectively. CO2 emission for the worldwide journal publishing industry is estimated to be about 12 million tonnes. It is shown that the production and distribution costs of digital knowledge products are negligible compared to the environmental costs of production and distribution of printed knowledge products.

Given the astounding emission figures for production and distribution of printed knowledge products, and the associated activities for access and distribution of these products, for example, emissions from photocopying activities permitted within the provisions of statutory licenses provided by agencies like CLA, CAL, etc., it is proposed that a digital distribution and access model is the way forward, and that such a system will be environmentally sustainable.

It is expected that the findings of this study will pave the way for further research and this paper will be extremely helpful for design and development of the future knowledge distribution and access systems.

Understanding how and why firms behave differently during re-internationalization has increasingly been at a premium in international business research. The authors conducted a case study of 11 Chinese international small and medium-sized enterprise and explored how they learned and recovered from involuntary de-internationalization. From case data, the “complete” re-internationalizers learned the lessons of foreign market exits more proactively than “partial” re-internationalizers. The complete re-internationalizers adopted internal and external sources of knowledge acquisition, “middle-up-down” information distribution and ambivalent information interpretation, while the partial re-internationalizers relied on internal sources of knowledge, “top-down” or “bottom-up” information distribution and univalent information interpretation. This study contributes by identifying the crucial role of learning processes to complete re-internationalization, which is absent in existing re-internationalization research.

We introduce a multi-level model of the dependence of interfirm network topologies on the distribution and commonality of information in a network and the information strategies pursued by its member firms. Network topology, information properties of the network, and firm-level action within the network form dynamic, recursive, cross-level relationships – information properties in the network determine firm-level action, which in turn impacts the network topology and information properties. We derive predictions about the kinds of information strategies that firms are likely to adopt and succeed with in different information regimes, and about the kinds and short- and long-run dynamics of network topologies expected under different information regimes. Our model sheds new light on network topologies as a dependent variable that can be explained by network-level information regimes and firm-level information strategies.

This paper aims to find and rank the barriers of the four knowledge management (KM) processes including generation, storage, distribution and application in the gas and petroleum sector.

Reviewing the literature of KM and organizational learning, this paper extracted all of the barriers which impede KM processes. Then it designed a questionnaire for validating, ranking and categorizing barriers. Totally, 190 completed questionnaires were gathered from 26 gas and petroleum companies in Iran. Some statistical tests such as T, Friedman, Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney were used for analyzing data.

Findings reviewed the current literature of KM barriers, validated and ranked the barriers of knowledge generation, storage, distribution and application separately. The importance of knowledge generation and knowledge application barriers were significantly different between gas and petroleum companies. Hence they were disjointedly ranked for gas and petroleum. Finally, KM barriers were ranked according to their contribution to KM processes and the average mean of their importance in KM processes.

From the practical point of view, this paper suggests managers of gas and petroleum companies to emphasize solving high-priority barriers according to the KM process which they are focused on. Furthermore, the study provides a checklist that can be used as an assessment tool for evaluating KM processes considering barriers.

This paper finds the importance of each barrier for each of the four KM processes and ranks the “critical barriers” according to their contribution to four KM processes in the gas and petroleum sector.

Aims to explore the relationships between groupware use and the knowledge management process.

The activities comprising the knowledge management process are conceptualized as: knowledge creation, knowledge maintenance, knowledge distribution, and knowledge review and revision. The data for this exploratory study were gathered through a telephone survey of managers at Fortune 1000 firm divisions. Based on the prior literature, it was expected that use of certain types of groupware and certain aspects of the knowledge management process would be significantly associated with each other.

The results of this exploratory study show that the groupware tools which enhance or support traditional aural media were significantly associated with most of the knowledge management processes we identified. However, e‐mail is the sole groupware tool that is significantly associated with knowledge distribution.

As an exploratory study, this research highlights some interesting trends in the knowledge management process, and suggests multiple lines of future research.

This study aims to extract knowledge of ancient Chinese scientific and technological documents bibliographic summaries (STDBS) and provide the knowledge graph (KG) comprehensively and systematically. By presenting the relationship among content, discipline, and author, this study focuses on providing services for knowledge discovery of ancient Chinese scientific and technological documents.

This study compiles ancient Chinese STDBS and designs a knowledge mining and graph visualization framework. The authors define the summaries' entities, attributes, and relationships for knowledge representation, use deep learning techniques such as BERT-BiLSTM-CRF models and rules for knowledge extraction, unify the representation of entities for knowledge fusion, and use Neo4j and other visualization techniques for KG construction and application. This study presents the generation, distribution, and evolution of ancient Chinese agricultural scientific and technological knowledge in visualization graphs.

The knowledge mining and graph visualization framework is feasible and effective. The BERT-BiLSTM-CRF model has domain adaptability and accuracy. The knowledge generation of ancient Chinese agricultural scientific and technological documents has distinctive time features. The knowledge distribution is uneven and concentrated, mainly concentrated on C1-Planting and cultivation, C2-Silkworm, and C3-Mulberry and water conservancy. The knowledge evolution is apparent, and differentiation and integration coexist.

This study is the first to visually present the knowledge connotation and association of ancient Chinese STDBS. It solves the problems of the lack of in-depth knowledge mining and connotation visualization of ancient Chinese STDBS.

This paper examines the impact of information supply and distribution on managerial information processing using a model derived from the organizational information processing (OIP) framework developed by Daft and Weick. The model suggests that more supply and distribution of information will lead to greater information use and the acquisition of more knowledge, given that the organization's information processing capabilities match its requirements. The model was extended to include the influence of social factors (i.e., culture and power) and the level of knowledge in the organization. Product managers in two consumer goods organizations providing different levels of information technology support were studied to compare the effect of different approaches to supplying and distributing information. The focused comparison case research method was used, in which sites are selected differing only on the dimensions of interest, namely information supply and distribution. The cases provided evidence to support the model. The company which had more data and analytic tools available for its product managers used more information and knew more about the factors that influenced the marketing of its products. In addition, organizational culture and the level of knowledge at the companies affected their approach to information supply, information use, and knowledge acquisition. The results suggest that the effective use of information technology requires a combination of managing the organization culture and fitting the characteristics of information supply and distribution mechanisms to information requirements.

This study aims to focus on the practice of knowledge management in Malaysian primary schools. Its objective is to identify the level of five knowledge management dimensions, which includes knowledge acquisition, knowledge refinement, knowledge storage/retrieval, knowledge distribution and knowledge presentation.

A cross-sectional survey was designed to collect the primary data from 250 primary school teachers within southern Malaysia. The levels of knowledge management practice were identified through close-ended questionnaires adapted from the Meyer and Zack’s Knowledge Management Cycle (1996).

The quantitative data analysis indicated that all the knowledge management dimensions are moderately practiced by the primary school teachers. However, knowledge storage and retrieval was the dominant dimension compared to the others, whereas knowledge distribution was the least dominant knowledge management dimension.

Knowledge management practice is essential to teachers in creating and delivering quality teaching and learning activities. Therefore, educational leaders, officials and teachers training institutes should plan a clinical workshop on knowledge management practice to improve the quality of teaching and learning activities.

This study is perhaps the first study to investigate the practice of knowledge management among teachers in Malaysian primary schools.

This paper aims to study the effect of HRM practices on the knowledge management process, focusing on HRM practices both in isolation and forming a knowledge‐oriented HR system.

After reviewing the relevant literature, the paper empirically analyzes the relationship between knowledge‐oriented HR practices and the processes of knowledge acquisition, distribution, interpretation and storing, using a sample of 701 firms.

Findings provide evidence of a positive relationship between the adoption of a knowledge‐oriented HR system and each of the knowledge management processes, but also show that the HRM practices comprising that system have different effects on the knowledge management processes.

The main limitations of this paper are the cross‐sectional design of the empirical research and the fact that data were collected from one source only.

Findings can guide managers hoping to enhance the development of organizational knowledge. They show that HRM practices may foster all the knowledge management process when they are adopted jointly, as a system of consistent knowledge‐oriented HRM practices. The paper also suggests some particular HRM practices that systems should include.

Although literature suggests that HRM can play a key role in knowledge management, little empirical research has explicitly examined the relationship between HRM and each of the knowledge management processes – that is the main purpose of this paper. In addition, the paper defines which practices should be included in a knowledge‐oriented HR system.