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The transformation from an industrial to a knowledge economy and society are underway. In the knowledge economy, the knowledge of people and organizations—their intellectual capital assets—are the primary factors of production and the source of wealth. This is in contrast to other kinds of capital that fueled the industrial and the agricultural economies. Librarians have understood the knowledge society as one characterized by an increased focus on digital resources and an expanded use of virtual channels to deliver those resources. However, the nature of the knowledge society and economy is far more expansive than a digital environment. A knowledge society is one in which all members of a society engage in knowledge transactions—in the business environment, in the social sphere, in civic activities, and in everyday environmental actions. This view of the knowledge society presents new opportunities for librarians to leverage their intellectual capital. This chapter profiles the intellectual capital assets of librarians, considers how they align with professional competencies, and presents use cases that illustrate the value of these assets. Future scenarios illustrate how traditional functional competencies might shift in the knowledge economy. These also suggest contexts which highlight undervalued or new competencies. Seven observations describe how librarians might prepare for expanded roles in the knowledge society.

Purpose – This research examines the nexus of two important phenomena: established information practices and the uptake of social media tools to facilitate or extend these practices. It aims to provide a conceptual account of how social media is embedded in the practices of the information sector.

Methodology – The research design is based on qualitative multiple case studies and grounded theory following Eisenhardt (1989). It uses an information practice as a unit of analysis and collects data as written and spoken descriptions of practice.

Findings – Existing knowledge and expertise in the use of social media is nascent and disparate and often available only as anecdote. As a result of this research, it is captured and conceptualized and a theoretical frame for social media use in information work emerges – a deeper understanding ensues.

Originality/value – This research uses a practice perspective to focus on the activity involved in social media adoption to support information work. In theorising across multiple descriptions of information practices, this research provides a steadying influence in information environments that may feel obligation to embrace the global phenomena of social media. Clarifying guidance for purposeful information work will benefit the information profession and advance its various practices.

This chapter aims to encourage tourism researchers to widen their scope of method when studying tourist behavior. It does so by debating tracking mobility and planning exercises as meaningful complements in researchers’ method repertoire. Both methods have been found to reflect tourist behavior in a more accurate way than do, for example, surveys and interviews, which rather mirror what tourists say they do, instead of reflecting what they actually do. This chapter presents studies in which tracking mobility and planning exercises have been used, and elaborates on their importance for theory building in future tourism research. Findings show that both methods score high in ecological validity. The chapter gives concrete assistance for future research studies that would like to include methods like these in their examination of tourist behavior. The contribution of this chapter lies in its recommendations to using varied methods, and in its support in the theoretical understanding of tourism.

The main issue of stakeholders’ inclusion nowadays is the establishment of relationships between policy actors and creation of a supportive environment for stakeholder participation to allow a straightforward stakeholder inclusion with a meaningful contribution to policy making. The concept of a collective identity describing how shared values, shared activities and a shared identity lead to social cohesion between a large number of people, could suggest a hint for stakeholder empowerment. We argue that a proper inclusion leads towards empowerment of stakeholders only where efforts to build collective identity are allocated. Otherwise, stakeholder inclusion is only about static participatory governance where knowledge collection predominates over knowledge sharing and co-production. The goal of the present chapter is to trace formal governance networks as a participatory governance mechanism and analyse stakeholder perspectives to be empowered to act in a formal governance network presuming that the network structure creates an environment where a collective identity is being built.

The formal governance networks of 2013 led by the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Economy and Ministry of Education and Science were reconstructed on the bases of documents available in the organisations. The structure of the governance networks of 2013 is analysed as a precondition for an organisational collective identity to form.

The structure of the governance networks leads us to the conclusion that stakeholders are expected to be knowledge providers instead of being knowledge co-producers.

The networks demonstrate that the process of sharing knowledge and values is not recognised as an important element of participatory groups and efforts made to build a collective identity are too scarce.