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Book part
Publication date: 17 June 2016

Changsong Niu and Jing Liu

This chapter aims to investigate and interpret China’s educational aid by analyzing its history, philosophies, and practices in Africa. The study is based on review and analysis…

Abstract

This chapter aims to investigate and interpret China’s educational aid by analyzing its history, philosophies, and practices in Africa. The study is based on review and analysis of governmental documents, reports, academic papers, and news by Chinese and foreign scholars on China’s aid, particularly educational aid to Africa. The analysis unveils three transformations of China’s aid “from pro-ideology to de-ideology,” “from single area to multiple areas,” and “from pragmatic economy driven to sustainable and humane economy focused” in Africa. Meanwhile, it indicates a continuity of the philosophy of solidarity, morality, and reciprocity in China’s South-South cooperation with African educational development.

The analysis also shows China’s educational aid does not match well with the framework of the Western donors. China, under the FOCAC framework, is devoted to higher education cooperation, human resources training program, scholarship, and Chinese language education with African partners. With the growth of its economic and political influence, China will play multiple roles as the biggest developing country and as an active promoter and provider for South-South cooperation in the negotiation and construction of the post-2015 agenda. Nevertheless, we assume China will keep a pragmatic higher education cooperation with its developing country partners to inclusively link it with business, technology transfer, and people-to-people exchange.

This study delivers a comprehensive review and analysis of paradigm shift, philosophy, mechanism, and practice of China’s educational aid to Africa to fill up the literature gap in this field. It also timely presents China’s stance toward discussion on the post-2015 agenda.

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Post-Education-Forall and Sustainable Development Paradigm: Structural Changes with Diversifying Actors and Norms
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78441-271-5

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Book part
Publication date: 1 December 2008

Soo Hong Chew, King King Li, Robin Chark and Songfa Zhong

Purpose – This experimental economics study using brain imaging techniques investigates the risk-ambiguity distinction in relation to the source preference hypothesis (Fox &…

Abstract

Purpose – This experimental economics study using brain imaging techniques investigates the risk-ambiguity distinction in relation to the source preference hypothesis (Fox & Tversky, 1995) in which identically distributed risks arising from different sources of uncertainty may engender distinct preferences for the same decision maker, contrary to classical economic thinking. The use of brain imaging enables sharper testing of the implications of different models of decision-making including Chew and Sagi's (2008) axiomatization of source preference.

Methodology/approach – Using fMRI, brain activations were observed when subjects make 48 sequential binary choices among even-chance lotteries based on whether the trailing digits of a number of stock prices at market closing would be odd or even. Subsequently, subjects rate familiarity of the stock symbols.

Findings – When contrasting brain activation from more familiar sources with those from less familiar ones, regions appearing to be more active include the putamen, medial frontal cortex, and superior temporal gyrus. ROI analysis showed that the activation patterns in the familiar–unfamiliar and unfamiliar–familiar contrasts are similar to those in the risk–ambiguity and ambiguity–risk contrasts reported by Hsu et al. (2005). This supports the conjecture that the risk-ambiguity distinction can be subsumed by the source preference hypothesis.

Research limitations/implications – Our odd–even design has the advantage of inducing the same “unambiguous” probability of half for each subject in each binary comparison. Our finding supports the implications of the Chew–Sagi model and rejects models based on global probabilistic sophistication, including rank-dependent models derived from non-additive probabilities, e.g., Choquet expected utility and cumulative prospect theory, as well as those based on multiple priors, e.g., α-maxmin. The finding in Hsu et al. (2005) that orbitofrontal cortex lesion patients display neither ambiguity aversion nor risk aversion offers further support to the Chew–Sagi model. Our finding also supports the Levy et al. (2007) contention of a single valuation system encompassing risk and ambiguity aversion.

Originality/value of chapter – This is the first neuroimaging study of the source preference hypothesis using a design which can discriminate among decision models ranging from risk-based ones to those relying on multiple priors.

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Neuroeconomics
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-84855-304-0

Book part
Publication date: 22 August 2022

Lisa M. Liberty

Educators who work in K-12 educational settings have only begun to make sense of the many consequences the COVID-19 pandemic has had for students. Months of remote teaching and…

Abstract

Educators who work in K-12 educational settings have only begun to make sense of the many consequences the COVID-19 pandemic has had for students. Months of remote teaching and learning have made one thing quite clear; the academic, physical, and mental health benefits of in-person schooling are difficult to replicate through online learning. The COVID-19 pandemic has elevated the importance of social emotional learning (SEL) as children have experienced substantial reductions in social contact with peers while attending school remotely. Given the profound impact this past year has had on children’s social emotional (SE) health, it has never been more important for educators, parents, and caregivers to support student’s SE health. While it may be tempting to put student’ SE well-being on the back burner as we scramble to make up for lost learning; we stand at a crossroad. We can radically weave SEL into the school day to ensure students continue to develop critical SE skills in a socially distanced world or we can fall back on business as usual.

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Schoolchildren of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact and Opportunities
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80262-742-8

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Book part
Publication date: 17 July 2014

Norasmila Awang and Azlan Amran

Tax compliance involves complying with the tax rules and regulation, which encompasses the filing, reporting and payment of tax. The two aspects of tax non-compliance are tax…

Abstract

Purpose

Tax compliance involves complying with the tax rules and regulation, which encompasses the filing, reporting and payment of tax. The two aspects of tax non-compliance are tax evasion and tax avoidance. While the ethicality of tax evasion as an illegal act of reducing tax is clear, the consensus regarding the morality of tax avoidance as a legal act of minimizing tax is mixed. This chapter will discuss the ethical perspective of tax (non)compliance.

Design/methodology/approach

We approach this topic by discussing the two important terms of tax non-compliance namely tax evasion and tax avoidance from the ethical point of view. The tax evasion and tax avoidance were critically evaluated to justify whether it is ethical or not. The tax non-compliance is also associated to the corporate governance which if do effectively help to protect the interest of larger stakeholder.

Findings

In a nutshell, tax non-compliance such as tax avoidance and tax evasion is unethical act and these acts of non-compliance go against the spirit of contemporary corporate governance which sought to protect the interest of the stakeholders.

Research limitations/implications

Tax non-compliance could enhance shareholders wealth (in terms of reduced tax); it affects the distribution of wealth (public benefits financed by tax revenues) among the society at large as another stakeholder affected by such act. Future research may be conduct to investigate this to the larger sample.

Social implications

Firms should avoid engaging in non-compliance activities such as engaging in tax evasion and aggressive tax avoidance as part of its social obligation to the society in line with the spirit espoused in the contemporary corporate governance.

Originality/value

This paper argues that tax non-compliance is unethical and highlights the importance of having efficient corporate governance for larger stakeholder’s interest.

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Ethics, Governance and Corporate Crime: Challenges and Consequences
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78350-674-3

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Book part
Publication date: 19 March 2019

Di Li, Shishank Shishank, Alex de Ruyter, Syed Ali, David Bailey, David Hearne and Sukhwinder Salh

This chapter explores the possible future trading options available to the UK and what impacts these trading options will have on the UK automotive industry. The research makes…

Abstract

This chapter explores the possible future trading options available to the UK and what impacts these trading options will have on the UK automotive industry. The research makes use of a wide range of data to predict the degree of impact each trading alternative will have on the UK automotive industry. Using a Supply Chain Management (SCM) framework, we discuss the trading practices currently in place today in the sector, and its interactions and dependence on privileged access to the Single Market. We then examine likely impacts each potential trading alternative will have on the sector. Drawing on interviews with senior managers in the sector, the findings of the research suggest that all current available trade scenarios put up different types of trade barriers for the sector, potentially increasing costs and decreasing the UK’s attractiveness as a base for automotive manufacturing. The findings also suggest that the uncertainty around the UK’s trading future with EU is deterring investment into the sector, which will likely have consequences further into the future. We conclude by assessing a wide variety of mitigation strategies open to manufacturers, considering their viability and applicability in each potential scenario.

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Brexit Negotiations After Article 50: Assessing Process, Progress and Impact
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78769-768-3

Content available
Book part
Publication date: 1 December 2008

Abstract

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Neuroeconomics
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-84855-304-0

Book part
Publication date: 1 December 2008

Daniel Houser and Kevin McCabe

Neuroeconomics is the study of how the brain makes economic decisions. By its nature neuroeconomics studies the mechanisms of decision-making, assumed to be computational, in…

Abstract

Neuroeconomics is the study of how the brain makes economic decisions. By its nature neuroeconomics studies the mechanisms of decision-making, assumed to be computational, in order to better understand the strategies people use and the choices that people make. The focus of this book is how neuroeconomics connects to health economics in a way that improves our understanding of health care and treatment decisions. This is natural for several reasons. First, the brain and the body are intimately connected to each other and the health of one depends on the other. Second, the health system is inherently about decisions. Decisions to stay healthy, decisions to diagnose illness, decisions to treat, decisions to invest in new treatments, decisions to insure, and decisions to pay. Finally, these decisions can be difficult, as the media's consistent attention to this area attests. In light of this, for this volume we chose to include chapters that review basic research on emotion or social preference that have direct relevance to decisions in health economics. We have also included chapters that refer more specifically to some aspect of people's health care or treatment decisions. In the following we indicate the chapters within each topic area. Although many chapters could arguably fit in multiple categories, we have listed each chapter only once and without particular order.

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Neuroeconomics
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-84855-304-0

Book part
Publication date: 21 November 2014

Jiti Gao and Maxwell King

This paper considers a class of parametric models with nonparametric autoregressive errors. A new test is established and studied to deal with the parametric specification of the…

Abstract

This paper considers a class of parametric models with nonparametric autoregressive errors. A new test is established and studied to deal with the parametric specification of the nonparametric autoregressive errors with either stationarity or nonstationarity. Such a test procedure can initially avoid misspecification through the need to parametrically specify the form of the errors. In other words, we estimate the form of the errors and test for stationarity or nonstationarity simultaneously. We establish asymptotic distributions of the proposed test. Both the setting and the results differ from earlier work on testing for unit roots in parametric time series regression. We provide both simulated and real-data examples to show that the proposed nonparametric unit root test works in practice.

Book part
Publication date: 24 August 2023

Olimpia Meglio, David R. King and Elio Shijaku

Acquisitions are complex and ambiguous events fraught with information asymmetries emphasizing market failure before an acquisition or organizational failure during integration…

Abstract

Acquisitions are complex and ambiguous events fraught with information asymmetries emphasizing market failure before an acquisition or organizational failure during integration. While often treated in isolation, market and organization failure are intertwined in acquisitions as integration planning starts before a deal is closed. Effective integration begins with a deep understanding of the target to be able to share assets and knowledge. However, acquiring firms currently have limited solutions to address information asymmetries. Most remedies primarily aim at market failure using due diligence and external advisors, leaving information asymmetry due to organizational failure primarily unattended. The authors develop a typology that leverages informal and formal social ties to address information asymmetries across the acquisition process that jointly considers market and organizational failure. The typology of this study combines existing research to develop how social ties with stakeholders influence acquisitions and can increase their success.

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Advances in Mergers and Acquisitions
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83753-861-4

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Book part
Publication date: 29 September 2021

David R. King, Wei Shi and Brian L. Connelly

An obvious way to improve acquisition performance is to avoid completing value-destroying acquisitions. However, once announced, manager motivations often focus on completing…

Abstract

An obvious way to improve acquisition performance is to avoid completing value-destroying acquisitions. However, once announced, manager motivations often focus on completing acquisitions. The authors develop how external governance actors can interpret acquisition characteristics and make counter-signals that acquiring firm managers could use to improve acquisition outcomes. The authors specifically develop how managers may react to counter-signals by shareholders, media, analysts, and short sellers. While there is limited research considering these external governance actors, evidence suggests that managers’ reactions to these actors may vary. A more integrated assessment of external governance actors’ influence on acquisition completion offers an opportunity to better understand acquisition processes and performance.

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