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The advancement of technology and intelligence in most industries has been linked with the concepts of connectivity and the development of open systems. Currently the protocols found in the hotel and catering industry are not compatible between companies and/or products. First addresses the implications of this and then the advantages to the industry, should open systems be developed and standards set up for future installations. Such systems are becoming standardized in the Far East and concludes that the hotel and catering industry must follow suit if really “Intelligent Rooms” are to be developed.

The singular success of Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. in rescuing IBM from dismemberment and destruction in terms of his shifting the institutional memory of 300,000 employees from corporate politics to customer service focus, has been expalined memory management explain failures as well?

Chacko (memory management in survival decisions of corportions 1956‐2003, Barmarick Publications, UK, 2006) published a sequence of ordered procedures (protocol) of memory management: memory management disequilibria dimensions (MD)² protocol. This paper applies the protocol to the birth and death of the GO computer.

The memory management disequilibria dimensions (MD)² protocol analyzes accurately the Jerry Kaplan narrative of founding on August 14, 1987, the GO corporation to AT&T firing the last remaining employees of EO, the spin‐off of GO on July 29, 1994. (MD)² Step 1: Chief Ntrapreneur officer will to win became a casualty, founder CTO/CNO Kaplan reflecting that money wasn’t the problem, but loss of faith of the chief financial officer on the viability, of the Software VP on the development schedules, of the CEO on market momentum, and of the CTO/ECO on the “stick‐to‐itveness” of the new management team.

The habit patterns of thought and action that make a corporation/country unique are instructed/inscribed in individual/institional memory. This paper demonstrates that the (MD)² protocol explains both success and failure, providing a basis to make memory management effective.

The purpose of this article is to present and analyze the responses of high‐tech firms to the crisis of 2000‐2003 when demand declined rapidly.

A group of industry experts from the industry in Israel were interviewed about the practices adopted by firms as a result of the crisis. The responses were used to categorize several distinct strategic responses. The analysis was done for firms in all the three stages of high‐tech firms' lifecycle – seed, mezzanine and full production.

The article identifies three major managerial business orientations (MBO's) – financial, technological and marketing. High‐tech firms responded to the crisis by changing their MBO's from financial or technical to market oriented. Those firms in the full production stage that have embraced a market orientation before the crisis responded by adopting the more advanced strategic marketing orientation.

This study was carried out towards the end of the crisis cycle. It is important to find out the dynamics of the reported change – whether it has been retained also after the industry started to improve from 2004 onwards. The study should be also replicated in additional countries besides the one in which it was performed.

This study contributes to the general knowledge about behavior of firms facing a major crisis especially in a new and fast developing industry that has not experienced such crises before. It also shows the value of marketing managerial orientation vis‐´‐vis other managerial business orientations. Managers in other industries that may face rapid crisis like change in business conditions should learn how to get ready and set up relevant defense strategies.

The data, approach and analysis are original to this paper. It introduces to managers, in technically‐based industries, the notion of competing managerial business orientations and points out that the prevailing emphasis on financial and technological orientation may fail in times of crisis. It concludes that such firms should adopt the marketing orientation right from their initiation because this ensures survival in times of crises. The paper should be also of value to researchers interested in studying how firms react in times of crises and in analyzing survival strategies.

The assessment of risk of recidivism in sexual offenders is fundamental to clinical practice. It is widely accepted that, compared with actuarial measures of risk, unaided clinical judgment has generally been found to be of low reliability. Consequently, the literature has shown a surge in actuarial measures. However, a major difficulty in assessing risk in sex offenders is the low base rate, leading to an increased likelihood of making a false positive predictive error. To overcome this, risk assessment studies are increasingly using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC), which displays the relationship between level of risk and decision choice. This note summarises the methodological issues in measuring predictive accuracy in assessing risk of re‐offending in sexual offenders, and identifies from the literature both static and dynamic risk factors associated with sexual offence recidivism.

The purposes of this study is to expand on previous work in English language arts (ELA) disciplinary literacy and to unpack literary text reading processes across three different participant groups.

The authors recruited literary scholars and first-year college students to read literary texts aloud and voice their thoughts. Transcripts were collaboratively coded and analyzed using a priori and emergent coding.

This study presents the findings in two ways. First, this study grouped the codes into four categories, namely, background knowledge, comprehension, disciplinary knowledge and building an interpretation. This described the differences in frequencies among the participants’ strategy use. Next, to more fully describe how participants read literary texts, this study presents the data using three processes, namely, generating, weaving and curating. These findings indicate a continuum of strategies and processes used by participants.

The study suggests using the ELA heuristic for instruction, which includes moving students beyond generating and weaving by asking them to do their own interpretive work of curation. This potential roadmap for instruction avoids a deficit mindset for students by recommending low-stakes opportunities that meet students where they are as they build their capacity for interpretive moves.

The findings help the field to gain an understanding of what novices and experts do when they read literary text, including both strategies and processes. This study also provide an ELA heuristic that has instructional implications. This study adds to the body of knowledge for disciplinary literacy in ELA in both theoretical and practical ways.

Electronic mail (e‐mail) and messaging systems are a powerful means of communication which are fast become a primary means of communication. This paper aims to describe the need for expression in e‐mail.

This paper describes the need for expression in e‐mail and the development of a personalised e‐mail system. A survey is carried out to comprehend the derived meanings from visuals; as a result the prototype is formed.

This paper presents a prototype which utilises the idea of reading pictures as sentences and the semiotic and linguistic meaning derived from those sentences. The system aims to interpret the sender's thoughts and convey their emotion and personality through a combination of graphical components, image, and expressive typography. In contrast with the new developing successful language that is rapidly spreading in the use of mobile devices, this personalized e‐mail introduces a visual language that people will acquire in using their e‐mails. Initial findings are presented from exercises of visual literacy, where the viewer has to play a series of matching games with words and images in order to derive each user's meanings and interpretations.

This interactive piece is attempting to transform the static nature of e‐mail into a more dynamic form that can offer new ways to interpret verbal information visually. The device will instill the user's message with more authentic personalities and expressions.

Cognitive semiotics is something designers explore over time with intuition and experience. Introducing and equipping young designers in college, with regard to semiotics would speed up this essential and unavoidable mental process.

This research will accelerate the coming of emotion to computer systems. Graphic design should be viewed from a structuralism perspective as a language system, to extend the understanding of language from a spoken and written system of signs to a manner of visual signals. Designers play a part in reinventing and redefining signs and symbols.