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New asymptotic approximations are established for the Wald and t statistics in the presence of unknown but strong autocorrelation. The asymptotic theory extends the usual fixed-smoothing asymptotics under weak dependence to allow for near-unit-root and weak-unit-root processes. As the locality parameter that characterizes the neighborhood of the autoregressive root increases from zero to infinity, the new fixed-smoothing asymptotic distribution changes smoothly from the unit-root fixed-smoothing asymptotics to the usual fixed-smoothing asymptotics under weak dependence. Simulations show that the new approximation is more accurate than the usual fixed-smoothing approximation.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the current digitization levels of Korean libraries by identifying key elements of library services and measuring them for conventional vs digital approaches and use.

The study utilized previous research related to digital libraries and consultations with experts to arrive at 13 evaluation elements and components within them to analyze. For the purpose of this study specialized libraries, college and university libraries, and public libraries were surveyed, and their responses analyzed to rate their current digitization levels vs more conventional approaches.

First, after determining the elements that characterized the conventional and digital libraries by analyzing different pieces of literature and consulting with experts, 92 factors were identified for each of the conventional and digital elements based on the axis which was composed of 13 items. Second, this study indicated that the libraries obtained one of the conventional or digital characteristics independent of the situation, rather than that the digital library was more effective than the conventional library. Third, in evaluating the chosen libraries used as the examples, it was observed that the libraries had more conventional characteristics among the elements of the digital and conventional libraries. Also, based on the axis used for comparison of 13 items, elements such as the next generation service, the SNS service, and the library program service were more conventional, but elements such as classification and cataloging, acquisition, and the organization were more digitized.

This study is the first study in the world to measure the level of digitization of the library. Therefore, hereafter, each library will be able to measure and determine its digital position based on these elements. Up to now, some research was performed in pursuit of extracting the elements of a library but it had relied solely on literature review. Comprehensive research had never been performed as in this study.

The present investigation is concerned with the utilisation of the finite element technique for predicting the natural frequencies and the modal damping factor (also called the loss factor) of anisotropic fibre‐reinforced composite laminated plates. The simple definition of the modal damping factor is defined as the ratio of the strain energy dissipated per radian of vibration, in the mode of interest, to the total strain energy of the entire laminate at maximum displacement during the same cycle. Results for the vibration and damping analysis of multi‐layered plates obtained by the present methods are compared with the results obtained by other authors and with the results of experiments.

Purpose: Blockchain technology has the potential of revolutionising finance in general and entrepreneurial finance in particular. As this area is hitherto uncharted, this chapter delineates its scope to the use of blockchain technology for providing strategic business funding. Blockchain technology started off by floating initial coin offering as a way of providing long-term funds to the startups. Since then, it has evolved quickly and has already spawned several iterations. One of its most prominent offshoots, security token offering has evolved into a distinct financing resource, with its own unique characteristics.

Methodology: This chapter discusses the implications of this development for startups and new ventures. It focusses on the use of blockchain technology for innovations in the domain of entrepreneurial finance with the aim to document the emergence of cryptofinance as a viable source of funding for startups. For this purpose, a systematic literature review methodology has been undertaken. In order to provide a comprehensive view, various sources such as academic research papers, working papers and practice papers have been used for collating information.

Practical implications: This chapter provides a brief overview of entrepreneurial finance and blockchain technology, illustrating their unique aspects. It proceeds to discuss the use of blockchain technology in finance in general and in entrepreneurial finance in particular. This discussion is followed by an extensive analysis of the evolution of cryptofinance as a funding source, enumerating various iterations and their implications.

Conclusion: As the use of blockchain technology in entrepreneurial finance is still at the nascent stage, the regulatory paradigm is still evolving. The current work also looks at the development of legal framework for managing these innovations across different prominent markets. This chapter further delves into the likely future course of development for cryptofinance. It mainly focusses on the emergence of decentralised finance as a comprehensive ecosystem and smart contracts.

This paper presents a Newton‐Raphson algorithm for determining the Fourier spectrum of two‐periodic solutions for dynamic systems described by nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Assuming that two basic frequencies are known, the coefficients of a double Fourier series result from this algorithm. An application to the analysis of electromagnetic phenomena in electromechanical converters is described. In an example, of the steady‐state performances of current in a simple converter, the algorithm is tested with very good results.

Research in business processes has been developed around a disciplinary approach toward the production of traditional knowledge, known as Mode 1. The problems studied with this approach are solved in a context in which academic knowledge prevails, with no major concerns regarding its practical applicability. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to propose a structure for knowledge production based on Mode 2 for business process researches.

A bibliometric research was conducted to define and conceptualize the classes of disciplinary problems, by assessing the years 2007-2012 of the Business Process Management Journal publications.

A framework for the Mode 2 knowledge production was proposed in the development of research in business process and conceptualized classes of problems related to this issue.

This work was carried out with specific focus on research in business process, so the defined classes of problems cannot be generalized.

The studies identified by this research are in the form of a disciplinary approach toward the production of traditional knowledge, known as Mode 1. This paper aims to fill the gap of a transdisciplinary production of knowledge and practical application, known as Mode 2 in the context of business process.

The context of this chapter is the use of data and advanced data analytics in a commercial setting. Privacy is considered as protection from vulnerability, whereby vulnerability is understood as the state of being exposed to the possibility of being harmed, either physically or emotionally, or in fundamental rights other than privacy. Therefore, privacy's policy instruments, in particular data protection law, could be seen as a means to reduce the risk of harm resulting from data use. Such harm is probabilistic and often uncertain, which, however, does not exclude analyzing costs and benefits of regulatory data protection policies. When balancing privacy protections and opportunities for knowledge gain, regulatory policy could be viewed as superior, when it expands the range of possible trade-offs between vulnerability protection and gaining socially beneficial knowledge.

The attempt to establish a common European framework for core platforms' duties and responsibilities toward other actors in the digital environment is at the core of the recent scholarly debate surrounding the Digital Markets Act (DMA) proposal. In particular, the everlasting juxtaposition between the “data power” – as emerging from recent cases (Section 2) – that dominant tech companies enjoy and the concept of consumer sovereignty (Section 3) lies at the core of the proposal's attempt to identify digital core platforms as market gatekeepers. Accordingly, this chapter critically investigates the divide between power imbalance and consumer sovereignty in light of the architecture designed by the DMA, with a specific focus on its effectiveness in identifying gatekeepers' power drivers (Section 4). After highlighting the main critical aspects of the pertinent rules, opportunities for fruitful developments are then identified through the reframing of some of the notions considered in the proposal, and namely the role of “lock-in” effects and “data accumulation” (Section 5). Lastly, this chapter suggests that the DMA advancements – while desirable – are bound to be fragmentary in the absence of a wider appraisal of the nature of data power imbalance dynamics in the modern digital markets (Section 6).

Our central thesis is that the dynamic, immersive and agile nature of extended reality (XR) both provides an unusually fertile ground for the development of alternative forms of governance and essentially necessitates this development by contrast with relatively inagile institutions of public governance.

I take an epistemologically aware, systems-theoretic perspective in my analysis to properly tease out the relevant micro-, meso- and macro-structures; their direct interactions; and their entanglements.

The challenges presented by rapidly advancing XR may require much more agile forms of governance than are available from public institutions, even under widespread algorithmic governance. Social entrepreneurship in blockchain solutions may very well be able to meet some of these challenges, as we show.

There are very few systems-aware, epistemological analyses of social entrepreneurship utilizing algorithms versus public algorithmic governance and none that focus on how these two channels of social action interact with developments in XR.