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This paper aims to model a technique that categorizes the texts from huge documents. The progression in internet technologies has raised the count of document accessibility, and thus the documents available online become countless. The text documents comprise of research article, journal papers, newspaper, technical reports and blogs. These large documents are useful and valuable for processing real-time applications. Also, these massive documents are used in several retrieval methods. Text classification plays a vital role in information retrieval technologies and is considered as an active field for processing massive applications. The aim of text classification is to categorize the large-sized documents into different categories on the basis of its contents. There exist numerous methods for performing text-related tasks such as profiling users, sentiment analysis and identification of spams, which is considered as a supervised learning issue and is addressed with text classifier.

At first, the input documents are pre-processed using the stop word removal and stemming technique such that the input is made effective and capable for feature extraction. In the feature extraction process, the features are extracted using the vector space model (VSM) and then, the feature selection is done for selecting the highly relevant features to perform text categorization. Once the features are selected, the text categorization is progressed using the deep belief network (DBN). The training of the DBN is performed using the proposed grasshopper crow optimization algorithm (GCOA) that is the integration of the grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) and Crow search algorithm (CSA). Moreover, the hybrid weight bounding model is devised using the proposed GCOA and range degree. Thus, the proposed GCOA + DBN is used for classifying the text documents.

The performance of the proposed technique is evaluated using accuracy, precision and recall is compared with existing techniques such as naive bayes, k-nearest neighbors, support vector machine and deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) and Stochastic Gradient-CAViaR + DCNN. Here, the proposed GCOA + DBN has improved performance with the values of 0.959, 0.959 and 0.96 for precision, recall and accuracy, respectively.

This paper proposes a technique that categorizes the texts from massive sized documents. From the findings, it can be shown that the proposed GCOA-based DBN effectively classifies the text documents.

There are many library automation packages available as open‐source software, comprising two modules: staff‐client module and online public access catalogue (OPAC). Although the OPAC of these library automation packages provides advanced features of searching and retrieval of bibliographic records, none of them facilitate full‐text searching. Most of the available open‐source digital library software facilitates indexing and searching of full‐text documents in different formats. This paper makes an effort to enable full‐text search features in the widely used open‐source library automation package Koha, by integrating it with two open‐source digital library software packages, Greenstone Digital Library Software (GSDL) and Fedora Generic Search Service (FGSS), independently.

The implementation is done by making use of the Search and Retrieval by URL (SRU) feature available in Koha, GSDL and FGSS. The full‐text documents are indexed both in Koha and GSDL and FGSS.

Full‐text searching capability in Koha is achieved by integrating either GSDL or FGSS into Koha and by passing an SRU request to GSDL or FGSS from Koha. The full‐text documents are indexed both in the library automation package (Koha) and digital library software (GSDL, FGSS)

This is the first implementation enabling the full‐text search feature in a library automation software by integrating it into digital library software.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the void coalescence and corrosion behaviour of titanium Grade 4 sheets during single point incremental forming (SPIF) process with various spindle rotational speeds. The development of corrosion pits in 3.5 (%) NaCl solution has also been studied during SPIF process.

In this current research work, the void coalescence analysis and corrosion behaviour of titanium Grade 4 specimens were studied. A potentio-dynamic polarization (PDP) study was conducted to investigate the corrosion behaviour of titanium Grade 4 processed samples with various spindle speeds in 3.5 (%) NaCl solution. The scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope analysis was carried out to study the fracture behaviour and corrosion morphology of processed samples.

The titanium Grade 4 sheets obtained better formability and corrosion resistance by increasing the CNC spindle rotational speeds. In fact that, the significant plastic deformation affects the corrosion rate with various spindle speeds were recorded.

The spindle rotational speeds and vertical step depths increases then the titanium Grade 4 sheets showed better formability, void coalescence and corrosion behaviour as the same is evidenced in forming limit diagram and PDP curves.

The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of technology visibility and subsequent perceptions of VFRs on consumers' intention to adopt VFRs in the online shopping context. A cross-cultural comparison was conducted to examine the different relationships among technology visibility, consumer perceptions and adoption intentions between the Chinese and Korean consumers.

Data were collected from 306 Chinese and 324 Korean consumers. The data were empirically analysed using structural equation modelling as well as multi-group comparisons.

Empirical results suggest significant influence of technology visibility on consumers' experiential and functional perceptions towards VFRs and accordingly on their adoption intention towards VFRs. Significant differences were also revealed between the Chinese and Korean consumers in their adoption behaviours towards VFRs.

The comparison was only conducted between the Chinese and Korean consumers. If two countries from two dramatically different cultures were compared, the results might be more significant.

An important implication is that enhancement of visibility is crucial for technology adoption considering its importance in shaping consumers' perceptions towards the technology.

The paper empirically tested the importance of technology visibility in consumers' new technology adoption in the VFR context from a cross-cultural perspective.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the use and usability of e‐books from the perspectives of users in an academic and research environment.

This study involved an e‐mail questionnaire to survey researchers in the academic and research environment of the Indian Institute of Science regarding their use of e‐books.

The responses indicated that the students tend to use this new technology more often than faculty members and staff. Those who did use e‐books mostly used reference and technical material. The highest response was from the Centre for Ecological Science, followed by the Supercomputer Education and Research Centre, and then the Department of Molecular Reproduction and Development and Genetics. The majority of the respondents have used computers for over five years for a variety of purposes including e‐mail communication, internet browsing and text processing as well as for other advanced uses such as numerical computing and DNA sequence analysis. However, the use of e‐books appears to be very low, indicating a requirement for creating awareness and user education about both software and hardware related to e‐books. Only 37 of the 104 respondents had used the free trial offer from Kluwer and Edutech eBooks during July 2004.

There has been no previous study reported which has investigated users' perspectives of e‐books in an academic and research environment in India using a questionnaire method.

Though electronic books (e‐books) are not new, they are slow in their uptake compared to other types of e‐publications such as journals, newspapers. The possible reasons for this could be because the technology for creating/accessing e‐books (both hardware and software) is not yet matured. However, the recent involvement of many commercial publishers and aggregators in publishing and marketing of e‐books has triggered their use. This trend suggests making an analytical comparative study of the e‐book access model. The main purpose of this study is to analyse and compare offline and online e‐book access models.

In this paper an attempt is made to analyse and compare three offline and three online e‐book access models by identifying various specific e‐book access model features. The access models are evaluated based on three‐point scale.

It is observed that among offline access models Microsoft Reader has most of the features well defined and among online access models, Ebrary has most of the features well defined.

Many publishers and aggregators have started producing and marketing e‐books using different types of access models. There are several access models available and each one has its own merits and demerits. However, there has been no study carried out in comparing and analyzing these models. Hence this study is useful for all the stakeholders of e‐book industry viz., creator (author), publisher, aggregator, librarians and users of e‐books.

This paper aims to evaluate the inhibitive action of the corrosion of mild steel in sulphuric acid solutions by ethanol extracts of Thymus vulgaris (TYV), Xylopia aethiopica (XYA) and Zingiber officinale (ZGO) as eco-friendly and non-toxic mild-steel corrosion inhibitors in H₂SO₄ solutions.

Ethanol extracts of TYV leaves, XYA fruits and ZGO roots were used as inhibitors in various corrosion tests. Gravimetric and gasometric techniques were used to characterize the mechanism of inhibition.

Results indicate that the extracts inhibit the corrosion process efficiently. Inhibition efficiency was found to increase with an increase in extract concentration and decrease with an increase in temperature. Inhibition efficiencies followed the trend TYV > ZGO > XYA. Thermodynamic considerations revealed that the energy of activation increased in the presence of the plant extracts. Adsorption of the plant extracts on mild steel surface occurred spontaneously, and E_a and ΔG_ads values confirm a physical adsorption processes. Phytochemical studies showed the presence of saponoids, flavonoids and polyphenols whose attachment to adsorption sites on the metal surface is responsible for the inhibition process. Experimental data fit the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

The plant extracts can be used in chemical cleaning and picking processes.

The research provides information on the possible use of the ethanol extracts from TYV leaves, XYA fruits and ZGO roots as sources of cheap, eco-friendly and non-toxic corrosion inhibitors.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate open source software (OSS) for digital libraries and collection management and to propose different utilization scenarios based on the characteristics of the tools.

The tools are assessed on the basis of their technical features and options, the type of the content they manage, the support for common library operations such as cataloging and circulation, the searching support and the interoperability options. Then they are evaluated by users and finally a number of usage scenarios are analyzed based on the results of the evaluation.

The basic findings of the study is that open source digital library and collection management tools offer advanced operations and support various metadata and interoperability protocols with easy and user-friendly interfaces. Most of the tools are extensively used under various settings and establishments already. Language support for the interfaces should be extended with more languages and some tools with limited operations should be improved to be of practical use.

The findings of the paper could be used support the selection of specific open source tools for various types of establishments.

The study reviews the characteristics of a few OSS for digital libraries and collection management and reveals their specific strengths and weaknesses. It also presents a number of realistic scenarios and proposes the usage of specific tools based on time, technology and staff constraints.

The purpose of this paper is to compare the usage patterns of e-books among the students of social, agricultural, and engineering sciences; demonstrate how e-books are used by students for various purposes; explore the main reasons for using e-books; and uncover the major issues being encountered by students while using e-books in Pakistani Universities.

During May to July 2014, a convenient sample technique was adopted, and a close-ended questionnaire was used as a survey tool for 300 graduates (BSc honor) and postgraduate (masters and MS) students in the age group of 21-60 years. In this study, the respondents’ gender, age, educational level and major disciplines were individual contextual variables. The data collection process was successfully completed with a 100 per cent response rate. SPSS-19 was utilized for testing the reliability of the instrument, as well as descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square test).

The results show that the adoption of e-books has reached a level where they have become an integral component of academic library services. The results of this study verify the previous findings that the students are relying on e-book adoption for various academic and research purposes. Comparatively, male students, postgraduate students and those between the ages of 21 and 40 years are more frequently e-book users. In addition, the percentage of e-book readership among engineering students on a “daily basis” is greater than the students of agricultural and social sciences. They prefer reading e-books because of the following reasons: to support research endeavors and improve academic performance; and the e-format is quick to read and easy to manage. Insufficient e-contents, lack of personal computers and the variety of e-book formats are the major constraints in the effective utilization of e-books for learning, education and research needs. The study has concluded that e-books have a key role in the set-up of academic libraries and information resources in Pakistan, though further development of e-book readership capabilities and building of e-book collections are required to support users’ needs, and a parallel investigation into their most effective usage is also required.

This empirical research is a first and unique study that systematically and quantitatively compares the relationship between respondents’ e-books usage with their individual contextual variables in the perspective of academic libraries in Pakistan.

This study aims to investigate the inhibition performance of an aqueous extract of Matricaria recutita chamomile on the corrosion of S235JR steel in 0.5 M NaCl by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization measurements.

The inhibition performance was investigated using EIS and polarization measurements. Surface analysis demonstrates the presence of a protective layer on the steel surface in the presence of the extract. Quantum chemical parameters calculated for the molecules contained in the aqueous extract are interpreted to predict the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the considered extract.

The inhibition efficiency of chamomile aqueous extract for S235JR steel increases with increasing amounts of plant concentration and with an increase in the immersion time. The optimal inhibition efficiency of chamomile extract, 98.90 per cent, was achieved for S235JR steel when immersed in 15 per cent v/v of extract concentration for 2 h. The surface analysis in the absence and presence of the chamomile extract confirmed the formation of a protective layer on steel surface. The quantum chemical calculations allowed to explain the great inhibition efficiency values by interpreting the calculated quantum parameters.

This is the first study carrying out an experimental and theoretical investigation on M. recutita chamomile as a green corrosion inhibitor, with interesting potential industrial applications.