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El presente trabajo indaga acerca del estado actual de la legislación de alojamiento turístico bajo la modalidad de apartamentos turísticos y viviendas de uso turístico en España.

Se trata de una investigación exploratoria centrada en el análisis de una tipología específica dentro del subsector hospedaje. Se basa en un trabajo de gabinete (recopilación bibliográfica y normativa).

Como resultado, se advierte que la legislación de alojamiento turístico bajo la modalidad de apartamentos y viviendas de uso turístico en España ha experimentado un creciente desarrollo en la última década y presenta un importante nivel de dispersión, un alto grado de heterogeneidad en los criterios de categorización, y en algunos casos falta de incorporación de aspectos claves como la accesibilidad, la calidad y la sostenibilidad.

La originalidad del estudio se fundamenta en el análisis comparativo de la regulación que las Comunidades Autónomas realizan de esta modalidad de alojamiento turístico denominada en la mayoría de las normativas analizadas de apartamentos turísticos y viviendas de uso turístico. El trabajo comprende un estudio actualizado de la legislación autonómica en la materia.

This research aims to study the effects of information (on salary, salary reductions and the pandemic's impact on the organization) on the salary satisfaction of workers whose salary had been cut during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, analyzing the mediating role of salary equity in this relationship.

Information was acquired with a structured questionnaire sent by email in May 2021 from 251 employees in Spain during the “third wave” of COVID-19. The model was estimated using the weighted least squares mean and variance adjusted (WLSMV).

Results collected reveal that workers' perceptions of equity fully mediated the relationship between salary information, information on salary cuts and salary satisfaction.

Learning more about the effects of information on salary satisfaction can contribute to communication policies that reduce the negative impact of sensitive salary decisions, practical implications for employees, organizations and policymakers.

This study examines the central role of organizational information as a mechanism for managing problems arising from the pandemic-induced unfavorable working conditions. This study analyzes how this information affects workers' attitudes, highlighting the role of equity as a mediator in this process.

Esta investigación pretende estudiar los efectos de la información (sobre el salario, las reducciones salariales y el impacto de la pandemia en la organización) en la satisfacción salarial de los trabajadores que sufrieron reducciones salariales durante la pandemia de COVID-19, analizando el papel mediador de la equidad salarial en esta relación.

La información se obtuvo mediante un cuestionario estructurado enviado por correo electrónico en mayo de 2021 a 251 empleados en Espa durante la “tercera ola” de COVID-19. El modelo se estimó utilizando la media ponderada de mínimos cuadrados, y varianza ajustada (WLSMV).

Los resultados recogidos revelan que la percepción de equidad de los trabajadores media totalmente la relación entre la información salarial y la información de recortes salariales sobre la satisfacción salarial.

Aprender más sobre los efectos de la información en la satisfacción salarial puede contribuir a políticas de comunicación que reduzcan el impacto negativo de decisiones salariales delicadas, implicaciones prácticas para empleados, organizaciones y responsables políticos.

Este estudio examina el papel central de la información organizativa como mecanismo de gestión de los problemas derivados de las condiciones laborales desfavorables inducidas por la pandemia. Analiza cómo esta información afecta a las actitudes de los trabajadores, destacando el papel de la equidad como mediador en este proceso.

Women across the world are being incarcerated at an alarming rate. Between 2000 and 2017, the female incarceration rate worldwide increased by 53.3%, whereas the male incarceration rate increased by only 19.6%. In Latin America, drug offences are the first or second cause of female incarceration. The excessive use of pre-trial detention, mandatory minimum sentences, and disproportionate penalties characterise the region’s drug policies. Recent data compiled by the Washington Office on Latin America show that between 35% and 70% of incarcerated women, depending on the country, are behind bars due to a drug offence, while for men the rate is much lower. In other words, harsh drug laws disproportionately impact women.

Qualitative research on female prisoners accused of drug-related offences shows how gender roles, gender-based violence and social exclusion are often triggering factors for women’s participation in the drug trade. Agency and victimisation co-exist in these women’s stories, and while drug trafficking becomes a means to cope with adversity, it also further enhances previous vulnerabilities, and incarceration can have a devastating impact on their families. These women are engaged in high-risk activities but represent a low risk to society. Drug law reforms and the use of alternatives to incarceration could reduce the number of women behind bars for low-level drug offences.

Global drug policy has undergone significant change over the past decade, especially with the advent of the 2016 UN General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS) on drugs. This was a catalyst moment both in highlighting the need for a gender perspective in drug policy, and in initiating a review of the indicators used to evaluate progress in drug policy.

To date, the UN has not adequately tracked gender-specific data in drug policy. This is symptomatic of the lack of focus granted to the specific vulnerabilities and needs of women in the illicit drug trade. This has resulted in a knowledge and understanding gap in relation to the issues faced by women worldwide.

The importance of quantitative and qualitative data and analysis of how and why women are involved in the illicit drug trade, and how this relates to their age, ethnicity, socio-economic status, family situation and history of trauma, violence and mental illness cannot be understated. Without adequate indicators on the underlying factors of their engagement in the trade, the differentiated impacts that both drugs and drug policies have on their lives, and the vulnerabilities they may face, policy makers will be unable to design and implement drug policies that are truly effective.

This chapter provides a historic overview of how data on women has so far been tracked by the UN. The chapter will then look to the future, focussing on opportunities to identify more meaningful indicators within a revised Annual Reports Questionnaire, and also by leveraging the Sustainable Development Goals, UN human rights mechanisms and civil society research.

Women are increasingly involved in a range of drug supply activities, but their role is overlooked in scholarship and policy processes. Women are key actors in plant cultivation (opium poppy, coca and cannabis), trafficking and distribution, but roles in the illegal drug economy are highly gendered stratified. Women most usually occupy low levels in supply and distribution chains, with their access to markets mediated by men. Nevertheless, participation by women in drug supply enables them to support precarious household incomes and/or cover the costs of dependent or casual drug use. More women are coming into drug supply and use at a time when a number of countries are adopting more repressive and punitive drug policies. The impact of enforcement is a sharp increase in numbers of incarcerated women, with implications for care of families and children.