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Article
Publication date: 12 March 2019

Sara Carter and Jackie Brierton

387

Abstract

Details

International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, vol. 11 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1756-6266

Article
Publication date: 12 March 2019

Barbara Orser, Allan Riding and Julie Weeks

Because procurement policies are one of the means of redressing discrimination and economic exclusion, the US Government has targeted 23 per cent of its annual half-trillion…

Abstract

Purpose

Because procurement policies are one of the means of redressing discrimination and economic exclusion, the US Government has targeted 23 per cent of its annual half-trillion dollar spend to small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and 5 per cent of its spend to women-owned businesses.

Design/methodology/approach

The research framework is informed by two theoretical paradigms, feminist empiricism and entrepreneurial feminism, and uses a secondary analysis of survey data of active federal contractors.

Findings

Empirical findings inform the extent to which certifications are associated with bid frequency and bid success. The results indicate that none of the various certifications increase either bid frequency or bid success. The findings are consistent with entrepreneurial feminism and call for federal accountability in contracting with women-owned supplier firms.

Research limitations/implications

The findings are consistent with entrepreneurial feminism and call for federal accountability in contracting with women-owned supplier firms.

Practical implications

Recommendations include the need to review the impact of consolidated tenders on designated (as certified) SME vendors and to train procurement personnel about the economic contributions of women-owned businesses.

Originality/value

This research studies the efficacy of various certifications, with particular reference to that of women-owned, on the frequency with which SMEs bid on, and succeed in obtaining, US federal procurement contracts.

Details

International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, vol. 11 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1756-6266

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 21 November 2016

Ruta Aidis and Julie Weeks

There is a growing understanding that gender-blind business support measures do not assist women’s enterprise development to the extent that they assist its male equivalent…

1697

Abstract

Purpose

There is a growing understanding that gender-blind business support measures do not assist women’s enterprise development to the extent that they assist its male equivalent. Focusing efforts specifically on women’s enterprise development, and measuring the impact of those efforts, is paramount. This paper aims to assess the evolution of two indices that analyze high-impact female entrepreneurship development: the Gender-Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index (GEDI) and the 2015 Global Women Entrepreneur Leaders Scorecard. Both utilize data from reliable data sources, yet are limited by the quality and availability of sex-disaggregated data. However, they differ in terms of variable choice, methodology and results.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the authors assess the evolution of two indices that analyze high-impact female entrepreneurship development. High-impact female entrepreneurship is defined as firms headed by women that are market-expanding, export-oriented and innovative. The assessment is focused on two new indices, the 2013 and 2014 Gender-GEDI and, the newly created measurement tool, the 2015 Global Women Entrepreneur Leaders Scorecard.

Findings

Both indices rely on existing data from reliable, internationally recognized data sets, yet are limited by the sex-disaggregated data that are currently available. However, they differ in terms of variable choice, methodology and results.

Originality/value

There is an increasing need by researchers and policy makers alike to consolidate existing data to better understand the existing barriers for women entrepreneurs and to be able to benchmark change. This paper assesses two indices that provide insights into the conditions for high-impact women entrepreneurs in a country comparative way.

Details

International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, vol. 8 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1756-6266

Keywords

Content available
Article
Publication date: 23 March 2020

Colette Henry, Lene Foss and Kate V. Lewis

541

Abstract

Details

International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, vol. 12 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1756-6266

Article
Publication date: 7 February 2019

Anne Rienke van Ewijk and Sophia Belghiti-Mahut

This paper aims to explore how gender differences in entrepreneurial intentions (EI) change when entrepreneurship education (EE) is added to the force field of macro-social…

1427

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to explore how gender differences in entrepreneurial intentions (EI) change when entrepreneurship education (EE) is added to the force field of macro-social stimulants and inhibitors of female EI in the particular context of the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on a pre-post survey with entrepreneurship students and students with a similar profile enrolled in other courses (N = 246) at three universities. The three main hypotheses are evaluated through independent-samples t-tests and a hierarchical multiple regression analysis.

Findings

The findings indicate a negative effect of gender stereotypes on female students’ EI in the UAE, regardless of the course type. Furthermore, entrepreneurship courses appear to be more successful than other courses in raising the EI of students in general and female students in particular. Finally, adding EE to the equation of macro-social inhibitors and stimulants of female EI in the UAE seems to tip the balance in favor of the influence of economic affluence, rapid modernization and proactive governmental policies to stimulate the entrepreneurial spirit among female residents. That is, at the end of the entrepreneurship courses, there was no significant gender difference in EI anymore and female students are significantly more likely to experience a positive change in EI than male students.

Research limitations/implications

The literature review identifies the need for future studies to evaluate the impact of variability in sampling and methods among previous studies on gender effects in EE. Building on the findings, future studies could identify which aspects of EE are pivotal for customizing female students’ specific local interests and needs. The study is limited in the sense that the data set did not enable tests of moderators at the course level (which mostly requires more qualitative data) and individual level. In addition, the sample is not representative for all female residents in the UAE at large.

Practical implications

This study might stimulate (UAE) policymakers to increase the scope and quality of EE. In turn, university administrators are recommended to find ways to compensate the self-selection effect (overcome likely opt-out by female students) when entrepreneurship courses are elective.

Originality/value

This exploration was inspired by the strong emphasis that Julie Weeks put on the gendered impact of macro-level factors in business enabling environments (Weeks, 2011). The empirical analysis builds on a conceptual framework that integrates Krueger’s model of EI, theory on gender stereotypes in entrepreneurship and previous literature on the role of EE (reinforcing or mitigating stereotypes). The study is executed in the relatively unexplored context of the UAE, which offers strong macro-social inhibitors for ánd stimulants of female entrepreneurship.

Details

International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, vol. 11 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1756-6266

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 29 March 2011

Julie R. Weeks and Susan G. Duffy

This paper aims to offer a brief history of the International Council for Small Business‐International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship‐National Women's Business Council…

394

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to offer a brief history of the International Council for Small Business‐International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship‐National Women's Business Council (ICSB‐IJGE‐NWBC) Best Paper Award for Women's Enterprise Development. The award has a unique requirement for papers to focus, in an integral way, on practical outcomes and implications for policy and practice.

Design/methodology/approach

Seven years on, the authors consider what has been learned from this award process and from the insights uncovered in the winning papers.

Findings

The collaboration to focus on women's enterprise development research is a success. Interest in the award is growing and the share of women's enterprise‐focused papers that contain a focus on policy and/or practice is on the rise. Subject matter and geographic focus of the papers is wide‐ranging. However, more work needs to be done to increase communication about the award itself and about the lessons learned from the research receiving the award recognition. Practitioners are urged to join academics in sharing their work in women's enterprise development and policy. Such collaborations build the essential bridges needed to maximize the power of research and education to inform and shape policy and practice.

Originality/value

The ICSB‐IJGE‐NWBC Best Paper Award is the only one of its kind in the world.

Details

International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, vol. 3 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1756-6266

Keywords

Abstract

Purpose

Applying an intersectional approach to the analysis of nationally representative population data collected through the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), this chapter attempts to address the congruence between functional status (disability) and other relevant socio-demographic background variables (gender, race, self-reported health status, etc.) that may potentially result in disparate access to education and employment.

Methodology

Disability is defined and measured using the six American Community Survey (ACS) disability questions. Disability, intersectionality, and equalization of opportunities are assessed in a representative sample of the U.S. adult population as measured on the 2010 NHIS. Data on approximately 32,000 adults age 18 years and over are used to explore, using multivariate techniques, the intersection between disability, age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, health insurance, and reported health status, and education and employment outcomes.

Findings

The results presented describe a disparity in outcomes of education and employment between disabled and nondisabled adults when controlling for several important background and socio-demographic variables. Exploring the relationships between these variables provides a richer understanding of disability as it exists within the social world.

Research implications

In order to further improve our understanding of the population dynamics of disability, disability data must be routinely incorporated into national statistics programs. The ACS questions provide a common approach to the definition and measurement of disability within the Federal Statistical System.

Details

Disability and Intersecting Statuses
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78350-157-1

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 27 March 2009

Julie R. Weeks

The purpose of this paper is to offer an account of women business owners in the Middle East and North Africa.

1418

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to offer an account of women business owners in the Middle East and North Africa.

Design/methodology/approach

This five‐country research study included face‐to‐face interviews with women entrepreneurs in Bahrain, Jordan, Lebanon, Tunisia and the United Arab Emirates.

Findings

The findings revealed that the women surveyed were operating across a range of business sectors and, in some cases, with employment levels ahead of most women‐owned firms in Western Europe and North America. Most of the women surveyed were trading internationally and were growth‐oriented.

Practical implications

This research offers valuable practical insights for policy makers, women's business organizations and financial institutions.

Originality/value

The paper offers an unprecedented level of new detailed information about women business owners and their enterprises in the region.

Details

International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, vol. 1 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1756-6266

Keywords

Content available
Article
Publication date: 27 March 2009

Colette Henry

96

Abstract

Details

International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, vol. 1 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1756-6266

Content available
Article
Publication date: 18 February 2022

Colette Henry and Helle Neergaard

237

Abstract

Details

International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, vol. 14 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1756-6266

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