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Case study
Publication date: 21 May 2021

Diana Nandagire Ntamu, Waswa Balunywa, John Munene, Peter Rosa, Laura A. Orobia and Ernest Abaho

By the end of their studies, students are expected to: undergraduate level. Learning objective 1: Describe the concept of social entrepreneurship. Learning objective 2: Explain…

Abstract

Learning outcomes

By the end of their studies, students are expected to: undergraduate level. Learning objective 1: Describe the concept of social entrepreneurship. Learning objective 2: Explain the sources and challenges of funding social entrepreneurial activities. Learning objective 3: Discuss the different strategies that social entrepreneurs may use to raise funds. Postgraduate level. Learning Objective 1: Use theory to explain the concept of social entrepreneurship. Learning objective 2: Discuss the role of social capital in facilitating resource acquisition for social entrepreneurial activities. Learning objective 3: Evaluate the current action for fundamental change and development (AFFCAD) funding model and propose strategies that may be used by a social enterprise to achieve financial sustainability when donor funding expires.

Case overview/synopsis

The past decade has seen the emergence of many social enterprises from disadvantaged communities in low-income countries, seeking to provide solutions to social problems, which in developed countries would normally be addressed by government sponsored welfare programmes. The social entrepreneurs behind such initiatives are typically drawn from the disadvantaged communities they serve. They are often young people committed to improving the lives of their most disadvantaged community members. Being poor themselves and located in the poorest communities, establishing their enterprise faces fundamental challenges of obtaining resources and if accessed, sustaining the flow of resources to continue and grow their enterprise. Targeting external donors and mobilizing social resources within their community is a typical route to get their enterprise off the ground, but sustaining momentum when donor funding ceases requires changes of strategy and management. How are young social entrepreneurs dealing with these challenges? The case focusses on AFFCAD, a social enterprise founded by Mohammed Kisirisa and his three friends to support poor people in Bwaise, the largest slum in Kampala city. It illustrates how, like many other similar social enterprise teams, the AFFCAD team struggled to establish itself and its continuing difficulties in trying to financially sustain its activities. The case demonstrates how the youngsters mobilised social networks and collective action to gain access to donor funding and how they are modifying this strategy as donor funding expires. From an academic perspective, a positive theory of social entrepreneurship (Santos, 2012) is applied to create an understanding of the concept of social entrepreneurship. The case uses the social capital theory to demonstrate the role played by social ties in enabling social entrepreneurs to access financial and non-financial support in a resource scarce context (Bourdieu, 1983; Coleman, 1988, 1990). The National Council for Voluntary Organisations Income Spectrum is used as a tool to develop the options available for the AFFCAD team to sustain their activities in the absence of donor support. The case provides evidence that social entrepreneurs are not limited by an initial lack of resources especially if they create productive relationships at multiple levels in the communities where they work. However, their continued success depends on the ability to reinvent themselves by identifying ways to generate revenue to achieve their social goals.

Complexity academic level

This case study is aimed at Bachelor of Entrepreneurship students, MBA, MSc. Entrepreneurship and Masters of Social Innovation students.

Supplementary materials

Teaching Notes are available for educators only.

Subject code

CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.

Details

Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies, vol. 11 no. 2
Type: Case Study
ISSN: 2045-0621

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 27 January 2021

Benard Alkali Soepding, John C. Munene and Dagwom Yohanna Dang

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the financial well-being of often-neglected group in the society. The authors examined the role of risk management and social capital…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the financial well-being of often-neglected group in the society. The authors examined the role of risk management and social capital in the financial well-being of the retirees in Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative method of research is used with a six-point Likert scale questionnaire. A survey was conducted to 376 retirees from public organizations to determine the perception of their financial well-being in post-retirement era. The sample population is selected using the simple random sampling technique. An exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling are used to analyze the data.

Findings

The results indicate that both risk management and social capital are significant predictors of retirees’ financial well-being in the Nigeria context. All respondents have a good education background.

Research limitations/implications

This study focused on retirees who have worked in public organizations in Nigeria. Thus, it is likely that the results may not be generalized to other settings. The results show that to promote financial well-being among retirees, the focus should be put mainly on individual risk management and maintaining good social capital.

Originality/value

The present study is first of its kind that focuses on contributory role of risk management and social capital in influencing the financial well-being of retirees in Nigeria. Findings make a novel contribution to retirees’ financial well-being literature by clarifying the significant role played by risk management and social capital in promoting the financial well-being of retirees in a developing country, specifically in Nigeria.

Details

Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, vol. 16 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1750-6204

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 12 February 2018

George Okello Candiya Bongomin, John C. Munene, Joseph Mpeera Ntayi and Charles Akol Malinga

The purpose of this paper is to test the interaction effect of government support in the relationship between business skills, capital adequacy, access to finance, access to…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to test the interaction effect of government support in the relationship between business skills, capital adequacy, access to finance, access to market, entrepreneurial education, and small, medium, and micro enterprises (SMMEs) survival in post-war communities in Northern Uganda.

Design/methodology/approach

Cross-sectional research design was used in the study and quantitative data were collected from 304 SMMEs located in Gulu District using a semi-structured questionnaire. Structural equation modeling (SEM) through the use of analysis of moment structures was adopted to establish the interaction effect of government support in the relationship between business skills, capital adequacy, access to finance, access to market, entrepreneurial education, and SMMEs survival in post-war communities in Northern Uganda. Furthermore, Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to show the association between the variables under study.

Findings

The results revealed that there is a significant interaction effect of government support in the relationship between business skills, capital adequacy, access to finance, access to market, entrepreneurial education, and SMMEs survival in post-war communities in Northern Uganda. Besides, the results indicated that business skills, capital adequacy, access to finance, access to market, entrepreneurial education, and government support have significant and positive impacts on SMMEs survival in post-war communities in Northern Uganda.

Research limitations/implications

The study employed cross-sectional research design, thus, ignoring longitudinal study approach. Besides, the sample was selected from only Gulu District, therefore, leaving out other Districts located in Northern Uganda.

Practical implications

Advocates of recovery programs and interventions in developing countries should consider government support as a vital factor in promoting business skill, capital adequacy, access to finance, access to market, and entrepreneurial education in order to enhance SMMEs growth in post-war communities. In addition, governments in developing countries should offer investment incentives and tax waivers to infant SMMEs in post-war communities like in Northern Uganda.

Originality/value

The study examined the interaction effect of government support in the relationship between business skills, capital adequacy, access to finance, access to market, entrepreneurial education, and SMMEs survival in post-war communities in developing countries. Thus, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt to test the interaction effect of government support in the relationship between business skills, capital adequacy, access to finance, access to market, entrepreneurial education, and SMMEs survival in post-war communities in Northern Uganda. The use of government support as a moderator in the relationship between business skills, capital adequacy, access to finance, access to market, entrepreneurial education, and SMMEs survival is scarce in entrepreneurship literature and theory. This creates uniqueness in this study.

Details

World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, vol. 14 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2042-5961

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 22 June 2018

George Okello Candiya Bongomin, John C. Munene, Joseph Mpeera Ntayi and Charles Akol Malinga

Premised on the argument that cognition structures the way how individuals think and make decisions, the purpose of this paper is to test the interaction effect of cognition in…

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Abstract

Purpose

Premised on the argument that cognition structures the way how individuals think and make decisions, the purpose of this paper is to test the interaction effect of cognition in the relationship between financial literacy and financial inclusion of the poor in rural Uganda.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used cross-sectional research design and quantitative data were collected and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Baron and Kenny guidelines were adopted to test for existence of moderating effect of cognition in the relationship between financial literacy and financial inclusion of the poor in rural Uganda. Furthermore, ModGraph excel software was used to establish the magnitude of moderating effect of cognition in the relationship between financial literacy and financial inclusion of the poor in rural Uganda.

Findings

The results revealed that cognition significantly moderate the relationship between financial literacy and financial inclusion of the poor in rural Uganda. In addition, both cognition and financial literacy also have direct effects on financial inclusion of the poor in rural Uganda.

Research limitations/implications

The study adopted cross-sectional research design and data were collected by use of only questionnaires. Future studies through longitudinal research design may be employed. Besides, further studies using interviews may be adopted. Furthermore, this study collected data from only tier 3 financial institutions, thus, ignoring the other financial institutions. Future studies could focus on financial institutions under the other tiers.

Practical implications

The findings from the study enlightens policy-makers, managers of financial institutions, and financial inclusion advocates on the importance of cognition in enhancing financial literacy among the poor, especially in rural Uganda. Cognition combined with financial literacy helps the poor to make wise financial decisions and choices toward consuming financial services and products provided by formal financial institutions. This leads to increased scope of financial inclusion of the poor in rural Uganda. Therefore, advocates of financial literacy should assess community cultural cognition and utilize them to design and fashion effective financial literacy interventions that can promote financial inclusion.

Originality/value

The study uses Baron and Kenny and ModGraph excel software to test for the interaction effect of cognition in the relationship between financial literacy and financial inclusion of the poor in rural Uganda. While several studies exist worldwide on financial inclusion, this study is the first to test the interaction effect of cognition in the relationship between financial literacy and financial inclusion of the poor in rural areas in a developing country context.

Details

International Journal of Bank Marketing, vol. 36 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0265-2323

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 9 December 2019

George Okello Candiya Bongomin and John C. Munene

This paper aims to examine the role of institutional framework of regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive in promoting financial literacy by microfinance deposit-taking…

374

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the role of institutional framework of regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive in promoting financial literacy by microfinance deposit-taking institutions in developing economies with a specific focus on rural Uganda.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from a total sample of 400 respondents who are clients of promotion of rural initiatives development enterprises microfinance deposit-taking institution using a questionnaire and analysis of moment structures (AMOS) was adopted to analyze the data to examine the role of institutional framework of regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive in promoting financial literacy by microfinance deposit-taking institutions in developing economies with a specific focus on rural Uganda.

Findings

The results indicated that institutional framework of regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive significantly and positively promotes financial literacy by microfinance deposit-taking institutions in developing economies, especially in rural Uganda. The existence of institutional framework of regulative (codified rules and laws), normative (shared beliefs/values and norms), and cultural-cognitive (shared conception and interpretation) promotes financial literacy by microfinance deposit-taking institutions in rural Uganda. The structural equation model constructed by use of AMOS revealed that the institutional framework of regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive explains 27 per cent of the variation on the role of microfinance deposit-taking institutions in promoting financial literacy in rural Uganda.

Research limitations/implications

This study was purely cross-sectional with data collected at a specific point in time. Therefore, future studies through longitudinal research design can be adopted to test for the hypotheses derived under this study. In addition, only quantitative data collected by use of a semi-structured questionnaire was used in this study. Further studies may consider the use of interviews to get in-depth responses from the respondents.

Practical implications

Advocates of financial literacy programs in developing economies should consider the existence of institutional framework of regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive, which helps in promoting financial literacy by microfinance deposit-taking institutions. Indeed, the existence of state legislation to teach people about how to manage their money can promote financial literacy. Besides, normative behavior among individuals within a social setting can lead to increased likelihood that they will engage and participate in a particular financial literacy drive. Correspondingly, cognition, especially fluid intelligence that changes as people age may also help individuals to invoke several dimensions of cognitive skills to make informed financial decisions.

Originality/value

The current study adds to the existing body of knowledge by examining the role of institutional framework of regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive in promoting financial literacy by microfinance deposit-taking institutions in developing economies. There is deficiency in the link between the institutional framework under the theory of institutions and financial literacy, especially in developing economies where there is great need for financial literacy among the poor.

Article
Publication date: 17 September 2018

George Okello Candiya Bongomin, John C. Munene, Joseph Mpeera Ntayi and Charles Akol Malinga

The purpose of this paper is to report the findings on the mediating effect of social network in the relationship between institutional framework and financial inclusion in rural…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to report the findings on the mediating effect of social network in the relationship between institutional framework and financial inclusion in rural Uganda.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employs a cross-sectional research design to collect data used to test for mediation under this study. Structural equation model (SEM) through use of bootstrap in the Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) was adopted to establish the existence and type of mediation by social network in the relationship between institutional framework and financial inclusion.

Findings

Social network had a partial mediating effect in the relationship between institutional framework and financial inclusion. In addition, institutional framework through its regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive pillars also exhibited a significant direct effect on financial inclusion. Besides, social network had a positive and significant effect on financial inclusion. This suggest that there exist both a direct effect of institutional framework on financial inclusion and an indirect effect of institutional framework through social network on financial inclusion.

Research limitations/implications

While the sample for this study was big enough, it limited itself to only poor households in rural Uganda. Besides, the current study adopted cross-sectional design, thus, leaving out longitudinal design to investigate the characteristics in the sample over time.

Practical implications

The study makes significant empirical contribution and implications to financial inclusion policy makers on evidence of the critical role played by social network in indirectly enhancing the relationship between institutional framework and financial inclusion of the poor who are vulnerable to exclusion by main stream financial services’ providers.

Originality/value

The study recommends that social network, which acts as a conduit through which useful information flow and can be shared, plays a critical role in mediating the relationship between institutional framework and financial inclusion in rural Uganda. Therefore, the study contributes to existing body of literature by highlighting the mediating influence of social network in the relationship between institutional framework and financial inclusion, especially in rural Uganda.

Details

International Journal of Emerging Markets, vol. 13 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1746-8809

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 30 November 2022

Josephine Namugumya, John Chrysostom Kigozi Munene, Sam Samuel Mafabi and James Kagaari

The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating role of systems adaptability in the relationship between emotional intelligence and talent management in tertiary…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating role of systems adaptability in the relationship between emotional intelligence and talent management in tertiary institutions in Uganda.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve the study purpose, the authors used responses from 91 tertiary institutions following a cross-sectional survey design. Partial least structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyse the data and done at an institutional level.

Findings

The results reveal that systems adaptability plays a full mediating role in the relationship between emotional intelligence and talent management in tertiary institutions as it accounts for 96.68% variance.

Research limitations/implications

Managing talented employees is not a snapshot process, yet the authors used a cross-sectional design. This paper is limited in this regard. Also, talent management in this paper is only explained by emotional intelligence and systems adaptability.

Practical implications

Talent management is explained by emotional intelligence and systems adaptability, which are metaphors of emotional intelligence and complex adaptive system theories. The authors also add to theory by establishing a fully mediating role of systems adaptability between emotional intelligence and talent management.

Originality/value

This paper establishes the mediating role of systems adaptability in the relationship between emotional intelligence and talent management in tertiary institutions.

Details

Industrial and Commercial Training, vol. 55 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0019-7858

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 3 December 2021

Henry Mutebi, Moses Muhwezi, Joseph Mpeera Ntayi, Samuel Ssekajja Mayanja and John C. Kigozi Munene

Organisations involved in relief delivery tend to have cross-boundary mandates, which cause ambiguity of roles during delivery of relief services to the targeted victims. Having…

Abstract

Purpose

Organisations involved in relief delivery tend to have cross-boundary mandates, which cause ambiguity of roles during delivery of relief services to the targeted victims. Having no clear role, specialisation affects service timeliness and increases resource duplication among the relief organisations. The objective of this study is to understand how organisational networks and organisational learning as complex adaptive system metaphors improve both organisational adaptability and role clarity in humanitarian logistics.

Design/methodology/approach

Using ordinary partial least squares regression through SmartPLS version 3.3.3, the authors tested the study hypotheses basing on survey data collected from 315 respondents who were selected randomly to complete a self-administered questionnaire from 101 humanitarian organisations. Common method bias (CMB) associated with surveys was minimised by implementing both procedural and post statistics methods.

Findings

The results indicate that organisational networks and organisational learning have a significant influence on organisational adaptability and role clarity. The results also show that organisational adaptability partially mediates in the relationship between organisational networks, organisational learning and role clarity.

Research limitations/implications

The major limitation of the study is that the authors have used cross-sectional data to test this research hypotheses. However, this was minimised following Guide and Ketokivi's (2015) recommendation on how to address the limitations of cross-sectional data or the use of longitudinal data that can address CMB and endogeneity problems.

Practical implications

Managers in humanitarian organisations can use the authors’ framework to understand, first, how complex adaptive system competence can be used to create organisational adaptability and, second, how organisational adaptability can help organisational networks and organisational learning in improving role clarity among humanitarian organisations by collaboratively working together.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge in humanitarian logistics and supply chain management by empirically testing the anecdotal and conceptual evidence. The findings may be useful to managers who are contemplating the use of organisational networks, organisational learning and organisational adaptability to improve role clarity in disaster relief-related activities.

Article
Publication date: 19 September 2019

George Okello Candiya Bongomin and John C. Munene

Premised on the argument that procedural and declarative cognitions help individuals to memorize, store and recall information to make informed decisions and choices in daily…

Abstract

Purpose

Premised on the argument that procedural and declarative cognitions help individuals to memorize, store and recall information to make informed decisions and choices in daily life, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the auxiliary psychosomatic roles of procedural and declarative cognitions in promoting financial literacy among clients of microfinance banks in developing countries.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted a cross-sectional research design and a semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect responses from 400 poor households’ heads located in rural Uganda. Analysis of moment structures and structural equation modeling were used to test for the auxiliary psychosomatic roles of procedural and declarative cognitions in promoting financial literacy among the poor who are clients of promotion of rural initiatives development enterprises (PRIDE) microfinance bank in rural Uganda.

Findings

The results revealed that both procedural and declarative cognitions significantly and positively boost financial literacy among the poor who are clients of PRIDE microfinance bank in rural Uganda. Jointly, both types of cognitions explain 30 per cent of the variation in financial literacy among the poor who are clients of PRIDE microfinance bank. Accordingly, the results correspond to arguments by psychologists that the human mental models help individuals to process, encode, store and retrieve information at an appropriate time such as in articulating complex financial information.

Research limitations/implications

The study focused majorly on cross-sectional research design. Thus, future studies may use longitudinal research design to explore the ability of the poor to memorize and retrieve financial information over time. Additionally, the study used only quantitative data collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Further studies may use qualitative data collected by means of interviews. Besides, this study solely used poor households living in rural Uganda as the main source of data. Hence, future studies involving data from other section of the population may be necessary.

Practical implications

The results from this study underpins the auxiliary psychosomatic roles of procedural and declarative cognitions in promoting financial literacy among clients of microfinance banks in developing countries. Indeed, the human mental models that revolve around cognition as individuals grow are critical in helping them make informed financial decisions when they are faced with difficult financial situations. Therefore, microfinance banks and financial literacy programs in developing countries should consider the roles of procedural and declarative cognitions while designing financial literacy modules. This is because they determine how individuals receive, encode, store and retrieve financial information in order to make informed and better financial decisions before consuming financial products offered by the microfinance banks.

Originality/value

At present, there is scanty extant literature and theory that explains the auxiliary psychosomatic roles of procedural and declarative cognitions in promoting financial literacy, especially in developing countries. The current study sheds more light on the deterministic roles of procedural and declarative cognitions in boosting financial literacy.

Details

International Journal of Ethics and Systems, vol. 35 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2514-9369

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 13 September 2022

Grace Nalweyiso, Samuel Mafabi, James Kagaari, John Munene, Joseph Ntayi and Ernest Abaho

This paper aims to investigate whether relational agency fosters relational people management using evidence from micro and small enterprises in Uganda, an African developing…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate whether relational agency fosters relational people management using evidence from micro and small enterprises in Uganda, an African developing country. Specifically, the paper examines whether the individual relational agency dimensions (shared learning, mutual cooperation, collective efficacy and interaction enablement) also affect relational people management.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional survey design using a quantitative approach was used in this study. Data were collected from 241 micro and small enterprises in Uganda using a structured questionnaire and were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists.

Findings

The results indicate that relational agency is positively and significantly associated with relational people management. Findings further indicated that collective efficacy, mutual cooperation, shared learning and interaction enablement individually matter in relational people management.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study may be among the first to demonstrate that relational agency and its individual dimensions (interaction enablement, shared learning, mutual cooperation and collective efficacy) foster relational people management in the context of micro and small enterprises of Uganda, an African developing country. Consequently, this study contributes to both theory and literature via the cultural historical activity theory, hence, adding to the scant existing literature on relational agency and relational people management.

Details

Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, vol. 16 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2071-1395

Keywords

21 – 30 of 179