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Uses an explicit risk model to examine investment performance in the private rented housing sector. Suggests that by using such rational analysis it is possible to identify target returns for these investments. Examines the reasons for disinvestment and the factors which need to be addressed in order to sustain a viable sector in the future. Concludes that for small investors already investing in a specific sub‐market of the sector reasonable returns are available without them having to improve the structure or the image of their holdings.

Because the legislation has never provided rent officers with precise and unambiguous rules on which to base their fair rent calculations, the rationale underlying trends in fair rent levels has generally been difficult to discern. Evidence given to the House of Commons Environment Committee and interpretation of data released by the Department of the Environment, however, suggest that in recent years there has been a marked development in the interpretation of the statutory formula. Essentially this seems to have followed from a judgement that, overall, rents in some registration areas have been set at too low a level, and in practice the general level of rents in these areas has been rapidly increased.

There has been much discussion in the popular media recently on the topic of Expert Systems (for example the BBC ‘Horizon’ of 21st March, 1983, or the Sunday Times, 1st May, 1983). Expert Systems are ‘computer programs that can acquire knowledge from experts and make it available in the form of advice to those less skilled’ (Landsdown, 1980). Such expert systems are one of the main building blocks of the ‘fifth generation’ computers, which are under development, with massive government encouragement, in Japan.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the ways in which the USA has sought to hold the leading banks to account for the financial crisis and to asses the validity of the methods used. This is the first of two articles which looks at the basis of the Complaints against the banks and the settlements which led to the imposition of large fines on the banks.

The paper first provides an account of the government housing policy from 1995 to 2008 and argues that the cases brought against the banks and then at the legal basis of the charges. The methodology consists of a careful examination of the documentary evidence and an analysis of the changes in the relevant laws used by the Department of Justice when bringing charges against the banks.

The paper concludes that both the basis of the cases against the banks and the purpose of large fines are open to question.

Much of the information is available. However, as the major cases against the large banks did not go the court, and the basis of the fines is a settlement between the bank and the Department of Justice, each fine is supported by a relatively brief “Statement of the Facts”. The evidence amassed by subpoenas issued by the Department of Justice is not tested in court.

Much greater consideration must be given to more effective ways of holding banks and especially senior executives to account.

The imposition of large fines does not satisfy the public desire to see that justice is done. Such fines imposed on the ban are not likely to change bank behaviour.

Its originality lies in setting out an account of government housing policy and its role in the run-up to the financial crisis. No one has carried out a careful analysis of the cases against the large banks brought by the Department of Justice and, in the second article, by the Federal Housing Finance Agency.

By diversifying its business to the global commercial market from domestic defense, Newport News Shipbuilding is repositioning for long‐term growth.

The purpose of this paper is to find the characteristic of entrepreneurial process for the student in free enterprise (SIFE) team in China, and to provide theoretical guidance for the entrepreneurial process of SIFE student team through a new Timmons model.

Taking an entrepreneurial project of Shantou University SIFE team as example, a Timmons model was proposed describing the SIFE student team entrepreneurial process based on the famous entrepreneurial process model established by Jeffry A. Timmons. The application value of the new Timmons model was proved by case analysis.

The paper summarized the main characteristics of the entrepreneurial model for the SIFE student team as: the nature of creation free enterprises, the excellent entrepreneurship networks, and the spirit of social entrepreneurship orientation. By case study, the paper proved the practical value of the new Timmons model by analysis of the key factors such as business opportunities, resources and entrepreneurial team, and their dynamic balance process.

The new model proposed in the paper will have theoretical value to provide a direction for student entrepreneurial practice, the analysis of the characteristics of the new model will also enrich the research on entrepreneurship theory.

This paper is the first research on SIFE student entrepreneurial process in China. In the past two years, the authors observed dozens of successful worldwide SIFE students' practical projects, but few of them appeared in the literature. It is hoped that this paper can offer some constructive advice to the entrepreneurial process of the SIFE student team and enrich the theory of general entrepreneurial education.

The purpose of this paper is to describe how small, academic libraries may realize significant benefits from employing LibQual+TM as an assessment of customer needs and expectations, stressing that these benefits may vary by the actual size of the institution.

Catawba College compared its experience utilizing LibQual+TM with that of Washburn University, reported by Dole as a small, academic library application of the survey. Catawba College is a private, liberal arts college that is much smaller than Washburn, with one‐quarter the student body and faculty. This paper examines the assessment experience of the two small institutions and compares the different advantages and disadvantages of using LibQual+TM within these two different types of small, academic institutions.

The study found that a larger response rate was realized than that of the larger of the two institutions, especially by faculty, and suggests that this is due to the nature of the small colleges where faculty and student body are more familial. The paper also describes LibQual+TM as a type of “turn‐key” survey process that is advantageous for small libraries with limited resources.

This paper provides new information on the value of LibQual+TM for assessment in small, academic institutions and describes the benefits of this assessment tool for libraries in much smaller settings.

Messrs. W. and G. Clark have invented a milling machine which, it is claimed, for the first time enables a meal containing the whole of the wheat berry in assimilable form to be produced. The cells of the berry, containing the protein, starch grains and wheat germ, are exploded by intense air pressure. The process is wholly dry, whereas wheat which is roller milled is first soaked in water for many hours; and meal produced by the new method contains 8·2 per cent. natural moisture, compared with 17 per cent. in ordinary flour. Already much bread made from the new meal is being sold. It can be obtained from a well‐known London store. Three depôts of the Royal Navy and a London hospital are among regular consumers of bread and biscuits made from the new meal, which is to be subjected to a biological feeding test at the Lister Institute to test its vitamins B1 and B2 complex content.

In order to succeed in an action under the Equal Pay Act 1970, should the woman and the man be employed by the same employer on like work at the same time or would the woman still be covered by the Act if she were employed on like work in succession to the man? This is the question which had to be solved in Macarthys Ltd v. Smith. Unfortunately it was not. Their Lordships interpreted the relevant section in different ways and since Article 119 of the Treaty of Rome was also subject to different interpretations, the case has been referred to the European Court of Justice.

Purpose – Past literature suggests that the performance and turnover of the subordinate are affected by the support, abuse, and feedback provided by the supervisor. In this study, we posit that support, abuse, and feedback in an accounting firm, are in turn, affected by the supervisor's personality, as defined by the Big Five personality factors.

Methodology/approach – We conducted a web-based study with 115 accountants from a top 100 US accounting firm. The accountants completed questionnaires related to the personality of their supervisors along with questionnaires related to the support, abuse, and feedback they received from their supervisors. We analyzed the data using factor analysis and multiple regression.

Findings – We hypothesize that Openness and Agreeableness increase support; Neuroticism increases abuse, but less so if the supervisor is an Extravert; and Extraversion and Conscientiousness increase feedback. Among the hypothesized relationships, all are supported except the relationship between Openness and support. Additional findings are that Extraversion and Conscientiousness increase support; Agreeableness and Conscientiousness decrease abuse; and Agreeableness increases feedback.

Research implications – Our study contributes to the literature by demonstrating the relationship between the personality traits of supervisors and their behavior toward subordinates in an accounting setting. The results of our study can be used in identifying the supervisors who have the right personality for the position, which will likely improve the work environment and reduce turnover.