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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1988

Community physicians and general managers: Experience and expectations

John Gabbay and Derek Williams

Interview data from a two and a half year study of 20 District General Managers (DGMs) from a wide variety of backgrounds confirmed the view that there has been widespread…

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Abstract

Interview data from a two and a half year study of 20 District General Managers (DGMs) from a wide variety of backgrounds confirmed the view that there has been widespread dissatisfaction about the work of the District Medical Officer (DMO). This dissatisfaction was often mirrored by the DMOs themselves. We therefore supplemented the interviews with a questionnaire listing 16 principal functions of community medicine and asked the DGMs and their DMOs independently to rate the amount of attention devoted by the DMO to each function both currently and ideally. We found a contrast between the overall uncertainty and concern expressed about community medicine during discussions, and the enthusiasm for the itemized community medical functions. There was close correlation between the DGMs' and DMOs' mean rates, which were always higher in the ideal than the current rating, and particularly so for the DMO's work in information and assessment of need, in service evaluation, and — only among the DMOs' responses — in the independent advocacy of public health. We present the detailed results for all the functions, and discuss the implications of these and our interview data for the implementation of the Acheson Report and for the managerial education of public health physicians.

Details

Journal of Management in Medicine, vol. 3 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/eb060501
ISSN: 0268-9235

Keywords

  • General management
  • Community medical functions

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Book part
Publication date: 20 November 2018

Under Risk, Over Time, Regarding Other People: Language and Rationality within Three Dimensions

Dorian Jullien

This chapter conducts a systematic comparison of behavioral economics’s challenges to the standard accounts of economic behaviors within three dimensions: under risk, over…

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This chapter conducts a systematic comparison of behavioral economics’s challenges to the standard accounts of economic behaviors within three dimensions: under risk, over time, and regarding other people. A new perspective on two underlying methodological issues, i.e., inter-disciplinarity and the positive/normative distinction, is proposed by following the entanglement thesis of Hilary Putnam, Vivian Walsh, and Amartya Sen. This thesis holds that facts, values, and conventions have inter-dependent meanings in science which can be understood by scrutinizing formal and ordinary language uses. The goal is to provide a broad and self-contained picture of how behavioral economics is changing the mainstream of economics.

Details

Including a Symposium on Latin American Monetary Thought: Two Centuries in Search of Originality
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0743-41542018000036C007
ISBN: 978-1-78756-431-2

Keywords

  • Behavioral economics
  • economic rationality
  • expected utility
  • prospect theory
  • exponential discounting
  • hyperbolic discounting
  • self-interest
  • other-regarding behaviors
  • economic methodology
  • history of economics
  • philosophy of economics
  • economics and language.
  • A12
  • B21
  • B41
  • D01
  • D03
  • D81
  • D90
  • D64

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1992

What Business is the NHS in?

A composite of the views of nine eminent doctors, managers andacademics on just what the business of the NHS is. Issues discussedinclude: resource limitations: “care and…

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A composite of the views of nine eminent doctors, managers and academics on just what the business of the NHS is. Issues discussed include: resource limitations: “care and repair” versus prevention and health promotion; balance between sectors, services and population groups; quality and efficiency.

Details

Journal of Management in Medicine, vol. 6 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000001325
ISSN: 0268-9235

Keywords

  • Health care
  • National Health Service
  • Medical professions
  • Organizational change
  • Quality control
  • Resource management

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Article
Publication date: 1 July 2006

Methods for expected value of information analysis in complex health economic models: developments on the health economics of interferon-<i>β</i> and glatiramer acetate for multiple sclerosis

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Clinical Governance: An International Journal, vol. 11 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/cgij.2006.24811cae.004
ISSN: 1477-7274

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Book part
Publication date: 10 August 2018

Agents of Change: Insights from Three Case Studies of Hospital Transformations

Danielle A. Tucker and Stefano Cirella

In the context of organizational change, identifying, and organizing the various roles of change agents remains a challenge for practitioners and scholars alike. This…

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Abstract

In the context of organizational change, identifying, and organizing the various roles of change agents remains a challenge for practitioners and scholars alike. This chapter examines how different agents can enable an effective change process. Empirical evidence from three hospitals illustrates the process of transformation and its underlying arrangements to identify agents and their roles. The findings underline the importance of designing a coherent system of agents, determining where they come from, their role during the process, and how this may change throughout the change process. Managerial choices in the cases are discussed, leading to implications for theory and practice.

Details

Research in Organizational Change and Development
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0897-301620180000026008
ISBN: 978-1-78756-351-3

Keywords

  • Change agents
  • champions
  • opinion leaders
  • integrators
  • change roles
  • hospital transformation
  • lateral organizations

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Article
Publication date: 27 October 2020

A social capital view of women on boards and their impact on firm performance

Erin Oldford, Saif Ullah and Ashrafee Tanvir Hossain

The objective of this paper is to leverage a two-sided view of social capital to develop a model of board gender diversity and firm performance using social capital data…

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Abstract

Purpose

The objective of this paper is to leverage a two-sided view of social capital to develop a model of board gender diversity and firm performance using social capital data from Northeast Regional Center of Rural Development.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors examine a large sample of 2,322 US publicly listed firms over the period 1996 to 2009. The final sample consists of 14,634 firm-year observations.

Findings

The authors find that when a firm's social network is not supportive of gender diversity, corporate boards have lower levels of female representation. The strength of a social network's social ties exacerbates the relationship between social capital and board gender diversity. The authors also report a negative relationship between female board membership and firm performance in social networks that are not pro-diversity. Robustness tests reveal that the authors’ social capital view of board diversity also applies to board ethnic diversity.

Research limitations/implications

This study focuses primarily on blue chip firms due to data constraints. It will be interesting for future researchers to investigate a broader spectrum of firms from a broader perspective of diversity beyond the study’s gender and ethnicity findings. Furthermore, this study assesses the US context, and future research could investigate firm sociability in other national contexts.

Practical implications

This study contributes new insights to the discourse on gender diversity on corporate boards which stand to inform both policy and practice. The results of the study can inform the position of an industry association on board gender diversity, with guidance on how messaging across networks can be more effective should it account for the hidden bias that the authors uncover in the current study. From a manager's perspective, this study can help those managers and boards trying to enhance board gender diversity by providing a more complete understanding of the factors that can limit progress.

Originality/value

This study contributes a social capital view of board gender diversity to the growing literature of corporate governance, board diversity and local environmental influences on corporate policies.

Details

Managerial Finance, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-02-2020-0091
ISSN: 0307-4358

Keywords

  • Board gender diversity
  • Social capital
  • Firm performance
  • Corporate governance
  • Social networks
  • Board ethnic diversity
  • G3
  • G34
  • G41
  • M14

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 2015

An entrepreneurial context for the theory of the firm: Exploring assumptions and consequences

Arturo E. Osorio, Banu Ozkazanc-Pan and Paul F. Donnelly

While entrepreneurship may be driven by personal interests and lifestyle choices, entrepreneurial actions are not only economically driven opportunity-searching processes…

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Abstract

While entrepreneurship may be driven by personal interests and lifestyle choices, entrepreneurial actions are not only economically driven opportunity-searching processes but also enactments of social transformation that may or may not lead to socioeconomic benefits. We advance that exploring these entrepreneurial processes can inform a theory of the firm that may explain how socioeconomic processes shape the socioeconomic environment of communities while serving individuals. This article discusses several understandings of the firm, as theorized in extant literature. Guided by these different conceptualizations, we present a case study of an artist and artisan cluster in Western Massachusetts to demonstrate various understandings of entrepreneurial processes. By way of conclusion, we develop the idea of the firm as a geographically embedded relational understanding aiding entrepreneurs to achieve personal goals while coconstructing their local environment.

Details

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship, vol. 18 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/NEJE-18-01-2015-B005
ISSN: 2574-8904

Keywords

  • theory of the firm
  • economic development
  • entrepreneurship theory
  • clusters
  • sustainability

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Article
Publication date: 1 November 2007

Emotionally Sustainable Business and Communities of Commitment

Tom Cockburn

This paper aims to review some trends in global corporate citizenship branding stories and consumer values. The focus is on the triple bottom line and teamwork in organisations.

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Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to review some trends in global corporate citizenship branding stories and consumer values. The focus is on the triple bottom line and teamwork in organisations.

Design/methodology/approach

Some implications for the individual employee's occupational citizenship and the development of emotional regimes in teams are considered. A suggested alternative triple bottom line is proposed. The other elements of the “triple bottom line” are not neglected but nested within the typical interpretation of three Ps as an emergent alternative triple bottom line.

Findings

This alternative triple bottom line involves a set of emotional and identity issues spiralling around the nature of the emotional relationship that various stakeholders have with any particular organisation's brand story. It is suggested that there is a convergence of values around key issues of consumer ethics, corporate citizenship and sustainability relating to personal as well as product image.

Practical implications

This paper suggests that in the twenty‐first century sustainability will be better secured when organizations begin to seriously address their own emotional ecologies. A set of ten practical steps that could be taken are briefly outlined.

Originality/value

This paper considers the relatively under‐researched topic of emotional aspects of sustainability and specifically applies this to work carried out on MBA teams.

Details

Social Responsibility Journal, vol. 3 no. 4
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17471110710840242
ISSN: 1747-1117

Keywords

  • Sustainable development
  • Corporate social responsibility

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Book part
Publication date: 14 June 2018

Recent Trends in Economic Methodology: A Literature Review

Luis Mireles-Flores

This essay is a review of the recent literature on the methodology of economics, with a focus on three broad trends that have defined the core lines of research within the…

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Abstract

This essay is a review of the recent literature on the methodology of economics, with a focus on three broad trends that have defined the core lines of research within the discipline during the last two decades. These trends are: (a) the philosophical analysis of economic modelling and economic explanation; (b) the epistemology of causal inference, evidence diversity and evidence-based policy and (c) the investigation of the methodological underpinnings and public policy implications of behavioural economics. The final output is inevitably not exhaustive, yet it aims at offering a fair taste of some of the most representative questions in the field on which many philosophers, methodologists and social scientists have recently been placing a great deal of intellectual effort. The topics and references compiled in this review should serve at least as safe introductions to some of the central research questions in the philosophy and methodology of economics.

Details

Including a Symposium on Bruce Caldwell’s Beyond Positivism After 35 Years
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0743-41542018000036A008
ISBN: 978-1-78756-126-7

Keywords

  • Modelling
  • explanation
  • causality
  • evidence
  • economic policy
  • behavioural economics

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Book part
Publication date: 12 January 2021

Cultural Encounters: A Practice-Driven Institutional Approach to the Study of Organizational Culture

Milo Shaoqing Wang and Michael Lounsbury

Narrow, managerially centered notions of organizational culture remain hegemonic, marginalizing richer, anthropological approaches as well as efforts to understand how the…

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Abstract

Narrow, managerially centered notions of organizational culture remain hegemonic, marginalizing richer, anthropological approaches as well as efforts to understand how the beliefs and practices of organizations are fundamentally shaped by the wider societal dynamics within which they are embedded. In this paper, the authors draw upon recent efforts to explore the interface of scholarship on practice and the institutional logics perspective to highlight the utility of a practice-driven institutional approach to the study of organizational culture that brings society back in. Empirically, the authors present a longitudinal case study of a Chinese private enterprise, and analyze how the unfolding dynamics of a strong community logic increasingly affected by a rising market logic, shaped the formation of political coalitions internally and externally as organizational members aimed to maintain truces between the push and pull of logics over a period of 22 years. Through an analysis of seven episodes that we conceptualize as “cultural encounters,” the authors find that a combination of compartmentalization and overall integration of logics contributes to provisional truces, and that people in the same cohort who share common geographic socialization are more likely to form allies. Our aim is to encourage future scholars to study how societal beliefs and practices work their way into organizations in a variety of explicit as well as more mundane, hidden ways.

Details

On Practice and Institution: New Empirical Directions
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0733-558X20200000071007
ISBN: 978-1-80043-416-5

Keywords

  • Institutional logic
  • practice
  • cultural encounter
  • organizational culture
  • organizational change
  • China

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