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The objective of this study was to confirm the dimensions of revenue managers’ proactive work behavior in the lodging setting and to examine the effect of organizational structure on the degree of proactivity in their work behavior.

The data (n = 280) collected from lodging revenue managers was analyzed, using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analyses and multivariate analysis of variance.

The four factor model was confirmed – Voice, Individual Innovation, Taking Charge and Problem Prevention. Revenue managers who manage multiple properties were found to have greater proactivity than their single property counterparts.

A future study can work exclusively with individual companies to better understand the demographics of the Revenue Manager within specific organizations.

This study enhances our understanding of revenue management activities and behaviors by focusing on the concept of proactive work behaviors, and the complexity of responsibility that revenue managers face. This study is to exhibit a greater measure of proactive work behavior.

The primary purpose of this paper is to develop a parsimonious Consumer Experience Index (CEI) and then identify and validate the dimensionality of the experience concept.

The study employed a four‐step methodology. After conducting a pre‐test and pilot test, data were collected from 397 adults via an online survey. A split‐sample technique was used for the data analysis. The first‐split sample (n=199) was used to conduct the exploratory factor analysis. Reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity were evaluated with a second‐half split sample (n=198) from confirmatory factor analysis.

Scale‐development procedures resulted in a seven‐factor model comprised of the following dimensions: environment, benefits, convenience, accessibility, utility, incentive, and trust. Overall, the 26‐item CEI is a reliable and valid measure to determine the underlying components of a consumer's experience.

This study concentrates on an experience based on the general service delivery system rather than a specific industry or business sector. Applicability of this experience measure should also be evaluated in specific, but diverse, business sectors. By understanding these seven dimensions, management can develop effective marketing strategies for providing memorable experience for consumers.

Consumer experience has gone largely unmeasured. Built on the old business axiom that you cannot manage what you cannot measure, this validated CEI tool can provide businesses with an effective new management tool.

This article presents findings of a Delphi study that predicts events most likely to impact marketing to consumers in lodging, food service and clubs segments for year 2007. Two rounds of questionnaires were mailed to panels of industry experts within each sector, with an overall response rate of 42%. Findings suggest that the two overarching marketing trends will be convenience as a driver of consumer choice and marketing to an aging population.

Why did inflation fall so dramatically after the establishment of a currency board in Bulgaria in 1997? The establishment of the currency board was the response to a very severe financial crisis where inflation reached hyperinflationary levels. After the currency board was introduced, inflation fell even more spectacularly than it had risen with prices rising less than 10% annually during 1998 and 1999. Was this sudden drop in inflation due to a “discipline” effect caused by a reduction in money growth rates or to a “confidence” effect that created lower inflation expectations thus leading to higher money demand? We find strong indirect evidence for a confidence effect but less support for a discipline effect.

The purpose of this paper is to develop a staged theoretical argument regarding whether non‐governmental organisations (NGOs) can be considered responsible and accountable for the direct and indirect consequences, on a wide range of stakeholders, flowing from their advocacy activities.

The paper is primarily theoretical and conceptual, developing a structured, conditional and staged model illustrated with empirical examples.

The paper finds depending upon the theoretical arguments accepted at each stage of the model, the advocacy activities of an NGO may be considered to cause a widespread and often unintended negative impact upon the lives of many stakeholders who are either close to, or remote from, the NGO. Also, that depending upon the theoretical position taken regarding the scope of accountability, all entities – including NGOs – may be regarded as responsible and accountable for the impacts which their activities directly and indirectly cause to a broad range of stakeholders.

The model is primarily theoretical, so it can benefit from empirical studies to assess its applicability in practice. It also has the scope to be applied in assessing the responsibility and accountability of a range of other entities for their advocacy – such as businesses, religious bodies, political parties, and academics.

The paper presents a ontribution to the growing debate on NGO accountability.

The paper uses the synthesis of various philosophical positions to develop a conditional, staged model which may be used to establish whether NGOs (and other organisations) can be regarded as having responsibilities and accountabilities for the direct and indirect impacts of their advocacy activities on a broad range of stakeholders.

This chapter addresses one of the most common and long-standing problems among college students, namely depression, as well as a potential consequence of depression, suicide. A formal definition of depression is presented, and symptoms of depression are discussed. Notably, clinical depression is differentiated from “feeling down” or having “the blues.” Common measures of depression for college students are described, and the current prevalence of depression among college students is explored, along with data pertaining to trends and trajectories. Particular attention is devoted to differences in rates and severity of depression among students of various ethnicities, gender identities, disabilities and sexual orientations. Next, the chapter covers various theories about and studies on the causes and consequences of depression, as well as preventive and remedial efforts that students can engage in to minimize the adverse effects of depression. The chapter concludes with a focus on college student suicide, including its prevalence, predictors of suicidal thoughts and behaviors and prevention and treatment of college student suicide.

The following article is reprinted from The Business World.