Search results

L'Association Internationale d'Experts Scientifiques du Tourisme (AIEST) a fait de la formation supérieure le thème de ses journées d'études annuelles qui se sont tenues à Berlin du 12 au 19 août 1990. Elles ont été l'occasion d'établir un bilan des formations touristiques dispensées dans les divers pays d'Europe ou du reste du monde, d'évaluer les besoins ou la demande. S'il apparaît que les formations techniques sont indispensables et doivent être performantes, il s'est avéré aussi que les exigences d'un marché, en continuelle évolution, et plus encore celles des entreprises utilisatrices appellent la formation de cadre à haut niveau, généralistes, tant pour la gestion que pour la conception de produits, leur mise en marché, mais surtout pour l'organisation d'une activité économique, l'aménagement et l'animation territoriale.

Depuis une vingtaine d'années, les pays d'Asie sont devenus à la fois un marché et un point d'arrivée de flux de clientèle, de plus en plus nombreux. Entre 1970 et 1990, la progression des visiteurs a été multipliée par presque huit. L'ensemble géographique Asie/Océanie représente près de 15 % du tourisme international et plus de 17% des recettes touristiques. Le marché a tendance à éclater entre les pays à fort développement industriel comme le Japon, Taiwan, la Corée, Hong Kong ou Macao, les pays à développement accéléré comme Singapour, la Thaïlande, la Malaisie et de nouveaux pays comme les Philippines, l'Indonésie ou le continent indochinois.

Among lubrication processes for cold forging of steel, phosphating is the most common. Depending on contact between piece and phosphating solution, the success of this treatment depends on steel surface preparation. Despite this obvious fact, the influence of cleaning pretreatments such as degreasing and acid pickling are seldom considered from a mechanical point of view and specially from a tribological one. Through a tribological test, the preparation of the surface of steel billets to be zinc phosphated and soaped was studied. Having shown the importance of degreasing, this study tries to connect the parameters of warm acid pickling, such as bath composition and dipping time to the tribological performances of the coated part.

This paper aims to investigate the effect different fluxes have on the mechanical properties of lead-free solders, specifically Sn-Zn-Bi solder alloy. The solder billets were soldered in between copper substrates and flux was applied. The mechanical tests carried out on the solder alloys were tensile and shear tests. They were experimented on with different fluxes, namely, water-soluble (paste), rosin mildly activated (RMA) and insoluble (RMA) flux. From these experiments, the ultimate tensile strength, shear strength, elongation, yield stress, Young’s modulus and the stress-strain curve are derived. The results showed that solder billets that were soldered onto copper substrates with water-soluble flux yielded the highest ultimate tensile strength and shear strength values of 9.9961 MPa and 118.836 MPa, respectively. Billets soldered using RMA flux had the highest values of elongation and Young’s modulus, 0.306 mm and 50,257.295 MPa, respectively. However, on viewing the failure of all the specimens under an optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM), specimens soldered using water-soluble flux possessed the least deformities, depicting their higher level of mechanical properties, entailing their strength and ductility, deeming them as the most suitable flux for microelectronic applications.

The solder billets were soldered in between copper substrates and flux was applied. The mechanical tests carried out on the solder alloys were tensile and shear tests. They were experimented on with different fluxes, namely, water-soluble (paste), RMA and insoluble flux (RMA) flux. From these experiments, the ultimate tensile strength, shear strength, elongation, yield stress, Young’s modulus and the stress-strain curve are derived.

The results showed that solder billets that were soldered onto copper substrates with water-soluble flux yielded the highest ultimate tensile strength and shear strength values of 9.9961 MPa and 118.836 MPa, respectively.

This paper demonstrated that water-soluble fluxes gave the better strength and were most suitable for microelectronics applications.

Pelloby Engineering Limited, of Telford, have successfully obtained an order and have now installed two underslung single girder overhead cranes for servicing the nose bays section of the maintenance hangers used to service and maintain Concorde.

I. The Gendarmerie: Historical Background The Gendarmerie is the senior unit of the French Armed Forces. It is, however, difficult to give a precise date to its creation. What can be asserted is that as early as the Eleventh Century special units existed under the sénéchal (seneschal), an official of the King's household who was entrusted with the administration of military justice and the command of the army. The seneschal's assistants were armed men known as sergents d'armes (sergeants at arms). In time, the office of the seneschal was replaced by that of the connétable (constable) who was originally the head groom of the King's stables, but who became the principal officer of the early French kings before rising to become commander‐in‐chief of the army in 1218. The connétable's second in command was the maréchal (marshal). Eventually, the number of marshals grew and they were empowered to administer justice among the soldiery and the camp followers in wartime, a task which fully absorbed them throughout the Hundred Years War (1337–1453). The corps of marshals was then known as the maréchaussée (marshalcy) and its members as sergeants and provosts. One of the provosts, Le Gallois de Fougières, was killed at Agincourt in 1415; his ashes were transferred to the national memorial to the Gendarmerie, which was erected at Versailles in 1946.

1.61 France 1.611 V.V.F. En juillet 1959, deux villages de vacances familiaux ouvraient leurs portes dans deux petites cités touristiques du Bas‐Rhin: Obernai et Albe. Répondant à une sollicitation du Conseil Général de ce département, la S.C.I.C. acceptait de tenter une expérience de tourisme social qui, tout en s'inspirant du précédent des Maisons Familiales de Vacances, se lançait délibérément dans une politique de construction, sur des terrains cédés par les communes, d'authentiques villages de vacances capables d'accueillir chacun 500 personnes au moins.

There is a well established belief that, once having learned, you never forget how to ride a bicycle. This is a myth. Whilst it is true that even after a long time without practice, people do not very often actually fall off their bicycles as they did when first aquiring the skill, there is ample evidence that skills do deteriorate if they are not regularly practised. Highly skilled sportsmen and musicians will readily agree that continued practice is necessary to maintaining a high degree of skill.

Reflecting on the contingencies and felicitous moments of life and career, a senior scholar celebrates the intellectual community and friends that inspired and sustained his efforts.