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Sustainability is an essential word in the vocabulary of modern planning; it is the key principle that underpins the Irish planning process. Yet, despite decades of academic and practical debate on sustainable planning and its application to tourism, there still exist many gaps, especially when it comes to its implementation. The purpose of this paper is to highlight, over a 10-year period, how Local Authorities in Ireland have responded to the increasing tourism arrivals, which is having major implications for tourism planning.

This study used a multi-method approach to determine the level of sustainable planning for tourism as evident from all legally required Local Authority County Development Plans (CDPs) in Ireland.

While findings have identified a slight increase in the provision for sustainable planning for tourism over the decade, there continues to be poor levels of policy provision in key areas. Despite the responsibilities placed on Local Authorities to sustainably plan for tourism, findings continue to question the ability of Local Authorities in Ireland to plan sustainably for tourism and protect the tourism product.

This research provides the first longitudinal study on the level of sustainable planning for tourism by Local Authorities in Ireland. It provides an assessment of the current state of sustainable planning as evident from CDPs in 2016 compared to the original study of 2006, while developing new knowledge on Local Authority sustainable planning for tourism and the incorporation of tourism indicators.

Despite indicators being regarded as ideal tools to help achieve sustainability in tourism, their application within Ireland remains under researched. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to advance the knowledge base in the hospitality and tourism field by presenting baseline research from the first application of all 43 of the indicators that make up the European tourism indicator system (ETIS) in county Clare, Ireland.

This study used the pre-existing visitor, enterprise and resident surveys that accompany the ETIS indicator system in a number of honey pot destinations within county Clare. This approach was complemented further through desk research to gather the necessary data on all 43 core indicators of the ETIS.

While the application of the ETIS in county Clare constitutes a significant advancement towards evidence informed planning for tourism. There does exist a number of information gaps relating to specific core indicators of the ETIS. Which, if not monitored and benchmarked over time, could have serious ramifications for the future sustainability of tourism in Ireland.

This paper not only discuss the findings from the application of all 43 core indicators of the ETIS in one specific destination but also develops new knowledge on the use of tourism indicators and the move towards evidence informed planning for tourism. Furthermore, this study contributes significantly to the theoretical development of our field, as the ETIS has not been applied in its entirety throughout Europe.

This paper aims to review the state of national biosecurity planning. The authors recognised tourist vectoring can increase the risk of invasive alien species (IAS) and disease; representing substantial biosecurity risk for tourism destinations worldwide. This research assesses the provision of biosecurity mitigation measures within national biosecurity plans and guidelines internationally. The author’s position in this issue contends that a lack of sufficient biosecurity risk management and planning in place for tourism could have severe impacts on a destination’s environment, society, and economy.

The authors systematically reviewed national biosecurity planning through a mixed-method research approach. Frist, essential criteria identified from international literature allowed for content analysis to assess specific national biosecurity plans and strategies. Second, qualitative data was then gathered by conducting semi-structured interviews within national governing bodies and organisations.

Planning for tourism biosecurity varies around the world with some destinations demonstrating highly evolved plans such as Hawaii, New Zealand, and Australia. However, this is not the case in Ireland where planning for biosecurity at a national level is severely limited. Biosecurity planning, pathway management, communication, quarantine and plans for tourism risk are inadequate to prevent the introduction and spread of IAS and disease in Ireland. Recommendations offer destinations globally and with “island status” an opportunity for biosecurity to be improved by using surveillance, communication, guidelines and specific capacities at the border stages within a specific national biosecurity plan.

This review on the state of national planning for biosecurity provides new knowledge specifically for tourism destinations worldwide, which can adopt the essential elements identified within this research for a national tourism biosecurity risk framework.

本文旨在审查国家生物安全计划的状况。作者认识到, 游客媒介可以增加外来入侵物种（IAS）和疾病的风险。代表了全球旅游目的地的重大生物安全风险。这项研究评估了国际上国家生物安全计划和指南中生物安全缓解措施的提供。作者在此问题上的立场认为, 缺乏足够的生物安全风险管理和旅游业规划可能会对目的地的环境, 社会和经济产生严重影响。

作者通过混合方法研究方法系统地审查了国家生物安全计划。第一, 从国际文献中确定的基本标准允许进行内容分析, 以评估特定的国家生物安全计划和策略。其次, 通过在国家理事机构和组织内进行半结构化访谈来收集定性数据。

在全球范围内, 旅游生物安全的计划各不相同, 有些目的地还展示了高度发展的计划, 例如夏威夷, 新西兰和澳大利亚。但是, 在爱尔兰, 情况并非如此, 因为在爱尔兰国家级的生物安全计划受到严重限制。生物安全计划, 途径管理, 沟通, 隔离以及旅游风险计划不足以防止IAS和疾病在爱尔兰的传入和传播。建议为全球目的地以及具有”岛屿地位”的国家提供了通过在特定国家生物安全计划内的边境阶段利用监视, 沟通, 指南和特定能力来改善生物安全的机会。

这项对国家生物安全计划状态的审查为世界各地的旅游目的地专门提供了新知识, 这些知识可以采用本研究中确定的国家旅游生物安全风险框架的基本要素。

Este documento tiene como objetivo revisar el estado de la planificación nacional de bioseguridad. Los autores reconocieron que la vectorización turística puede aumentar el riesgo de especies exóticas invasoras (EEI) y enfermedades; representa un riesgo sustancial de bioseguridad para los destinos turísticos de todo el mundo. Esta investigación evalúa la provisión de medidas de mitigación de bioseguridad dentro de los planes y directrices nacionales de bioseguridad a nivel internacional. La posición del autor en este tema sostiene que la falta de suficiente gestión y planificación del riesgo de bioseguridad para el turismo podría tener graves impactos en el medio ambiente, la sociedad y la economía de un destino.

Los autores revisaron sistemáticamente la planificación nacional de bioseguridad a través de un enfoque de investigación de métodos mixtos. Los primeros criterios esenciales identificados a partir de la literatura internacional permitieron el análisis de contenido para evaluar planes y estrategias nacionales de bioseguridad específicos. En segundo lugar, los datos cualitativos se recopilaron realizando entrevistas semiestructuradas dentro de los organismos y organizaciones nacionales de gobierno.

La planificación de la bioseguridad turística varía en todo el mundo, y algunos destinos demuestran planes muy evolucionados, como Hawai, Nueva Zelanda y Australia. Sin embargo, este no es el caso en Irlanda, donde la planificación de la bioseguridad a nivel nacional está severamente limitada. La planificación de la bioseguridad, la gestión de vías, la comunicación, la cuarentena y los planes de riesgo turístico son inadecuados para evitar la introducción y propagación de EEI y enfermedades en Irlanda. Las recomendaciones ofrecen a los destinos de todo el mundo y con el “estado de la isla” una oportunidad para mejorar la bioseguridad mediante el uso de vigilancia, comunicación, directrices y capacidades específicas en las etapas fronterizas dentro de un plan nacional de bioseguridad específico.

Esta revisión sobre el estado de la planificación nacional para la bioseguridad proporciona nuevos conocimientos específicamente para destinos turísticos en todo el mundo que pueden adoptar los elementos esenciales identificados dentro de esta investigación para un marco nacional de riesgo de bioseguridad turística.

The accounting scandals and the war on terrorism have produced special challenges for this year's crop of strategists.

The purpose of this paper is to highlight how rising food prices influence the degree of poverty.

This is an empirical study employing the simple regression analysis.

Besides other variables it has been observed that poverty remains an important determinant of a country like Pakistan.

On the basis of this study a socio‐economic policy can be formulated for a developing country like Pakistan.

A development policy (especially considering the urban and rural population) can be formulated on the basis of this research for the provision of basic needs for a developing and an orthodox economy like Pakistan.

This research is beneficial to researchers, policy makers and social scientists for the enhancement of the level of social welfare and poverty alleviation through its findings.

Health care professionals (HCPs) face numerous barriers in providing services to limited English proficient (LEP) patients and their families. The purpose of this paper is to explore and expand on the limited scholarship concerning HCPs’ experiences using children as informal interpreters in pediatric consultations.

Ten HCPs from five different fields participated in this study. They were interviewed over the phone and replied to follow-up correspondence about their knowledge on policies for communicating with LEP patients and/or their families when providing medical care.

Using a thematic analysis five themes emerged across all cases: cultural awareness, communication quality, live interpreters as a solution, use of child language brokers (CLBs), and the norm of child language brokering. Through the development of the aforementioned themes, HCPs’ limited awareness of implications when using CLBs and of the established policies related to this phenomenon were apparent.

This lack of knowledge, acknowledged by HCPs, provides a platform from which to create awareness of the need for further education about the potential risks CLBs face when interpreting medical information and of the negative impact this process can have on the overall medical outcome of a patient. Furthermore, it allows the authors to address the ignorance within the health care system that has allowed vulnerabilities to LEP individuals being treated in health care facilities.

The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to questionnaires as a corporate touch point, and their relationship with corporate identity (CI).

Following observational research, the paper presents a review of published works, including journals, textbooks and industry papers that consider qualitative aspects of questionnaire design. Primary data was collected via existential phenomenological interviews to understand the experiences of employees who engage with questionnaires from external companies within the industrial business-to-business (B2B) industry.

A lack of practical advice around aesthetic appearance of questionnaires in both journal papers and research design textbooks is identified, suggesting limited awareness of visual aspects of questionnaire design, even for those with formal training. Through interviews, it is suggested that poor design is forgiven through the understanding of the practical nature of the document, the idea that CI is a performance that is unnecessary at particular points of the B2B relationship, and that a more powerful company need not spend time on CI if collecting data from a stakeholder that is perhaps perceived as less important than other stakeholders. The findings indicate that organisations should consider questionnaires as a vehicle to promote CI, and as stakeholders to consider the document in terms of their relationship with the issuing company.

This study proposes that qualitative inquiry is required to further determine how questionnaires are understood as a corporate touch point by stakeholders.

This paper considers the relationship between questionnaire appearance and stakeholder perceptions in the context of CI.

Looks at the life and poetry of W.B. Yeats to establish whether or not he engaged in marketing and what his marketing practices were. Uses Yeats as an example of Irish marketing at its best. Suggests that a Celtic Marketing Era will reappear to challenge the established “Anglo‐Saxon” approach to marketing and marketing education.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the use of a common qualitative data set analysed with both a quality improvement tool to facilitate service improvement, and a rigorous research methodology to engage beginning nurse researchers in a mentored project.

A qualitative cohort study of the experience of hospitalisation across six diagnostic groups interrogated data from 104 patient and carer interviews using the Picker Dimensions of Experience and Heideggerian Phenomenology.

The paper reveals that well‐conducted qualitative interviews can provide common ground for service improvement initiatives and rigorous research analysis.

The Picker Dimensions use simple coding methods that push findings towards utility, but at times are overly reductionist and exile any data not related to hospital services. Heideggerian phenomenology is training and resource intensive, but its exploration of the meaning of the illness experience provides a profound backdrop for the subsequent understanding of hospitalisation.

The access that qualitative data provides to the patient and family's perspective is becoming increasingly valued in processes of ongoing quality improvement, clinical redesign and evaluation for hospital accreditation.

The intrinsic rewards of deep qualitative analysis for the staff involved are extraordinary. Clinicians were humbled by new understandings, which surprised them despite their long clinical experience.

While quality improvement processes require training, ethics applications and data collection, the same framework can support rigorous qualitative research through use of the data as “common ground”. The researchers experienced a tension, but eventually, a balance between the strengths and limitations of these combined modes of qualitative inquiry.