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Fieldwork is one of the hallmarks of anthropology. Almost all students of anthropology have geographical and cultural specializations, ranging from a small group to a nation. Their interest areas are often identified or marked by real or putative boundaries; and it is within these boundaries that anthropologists have “founded” their own villages and tribes — “my village”, “my tribe.”

Higher education preparing for careers in the tourism sector has met with a lot of controversy over the years.

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new unbiased, reliable, exact, and systematic method of job satisfaction score estimation. The method considers affective and cognitive aspects simultaneously.

A questionnaire survey following the optimum allocation stratified sampling method was conducted in four up‐scale hotels of Tehran. Hotels' employees completed the questionnaires. Principal component analysis was used to identify facets, and the Friedman test was applied to examine their homogeneity. The Wilcoxon sign rank test and Pearson product‐moment correlation coefficients were employed to determine the most effective method among those investigated.

The weighted abridged job descriptive index (WAJDI) proposed in the study as a modified version of the job descriptive index seems to overcome the main limitations of the abridged job descriptive index (AJDI) and the perceived job satisfaction (PJS) methods when measuring job satisfaction in the hospitality sector.

This paper encourages researchers to consider different methods to assess job satisfaction along with WAJDI. However, although a stratified sampling approach was used, it focused on a limited sociocultural and economic environment, which limits the generalizability of findings. WAJDI must be used in different conditions to prove its efficiency in measuring job satisfaction.

This study assesses and compares the power of the AJDI method, which is a cognitive‐based structure, with PJS as a global, single‐item scale to capture the affective aspects of job satisfaction. By introducing a new method of job satisfaction evaluation, this study contributes to the literature.

Tourism, since it involves the movement of people from country to country and results in frequent economic, social and cultural exchanges, is likely to be a force contributing to world peace. In October 1988, scholars and practitioners from a variety of fields gathered in Vancouver, Canada, to consider this proposition for the first time (D'Amore and Jafari 1988). Their deliberations focused to an exceptional degree on the Third World, where most armed conflict has been conducted over the past four decades and where tourism is anticipated to improve weak economic performance and generate much needed foreign exchange.

Tourism may be described variously because of its “close” relationships with other social sciences, including economics, politics, sociology, cultural anthropology, psychology and even law and statistics. As per Wahab (1971) tourism is a “system” that relates to the sociosphere and is a complex combination of interrelated industries and trades. Although it would be very difficult to describe tourism under one definition due to its many facets, a clear concept and a precise definition of the terms related to the phenomenon of tourism is required before we proceed with the analysis of determinants and motivations of tourism in the world economy.

This article risks the attempt to move the discussion of culture and tourism onto a broader basis. It replaces a rigid conception of culture with a dynamic model and starts from a framing premise of empathy rather than cultural pessimism. It uses an extended explanatory model of tourism to seek answers to two central questions: what functions does travel fulfill for the travelers' culture and what effects can tourism have on hosts culture? The report demonstrates that the ritual, utopian and mythical character of travel makes a significant contribution to satisfying the basic human needs for security, activity and pluralism. In this way the holiday culture that has developed in the western countries has come to assume a vital role in strengthening cultural identity.

The goal of a behavior analysis approach to travel studies is to understand the psychological forces that motivate an individual traveler, that influence the various travel‐related decisions the individual makes, and that impact the level of satisfaction with a destination region (Chon, 1989). A number of tourism and recreation researchers have investigated the reasons why people travel; studied the traveler's travel purchase behavior; and emphasized the image of a tourist destination and the tourist's perception of an attitude toward a tourist destination.

The article shows the level of development in the field of information technologies and new medias in the tourism organisation of a country in transition.

Generally, school exchanges in foreign countries are not understood as a tourism phenomenon. From the statistical point of view, these stages of visiting student abroad, normally for a period of a week, are clearly defined as tourism. The motivations which lead to undertake an exchange experience are similar to the motives in cultural tourism. Moreover, a stay abroad offers the students an opportunity to learn how to travel. Local tourism offices should attach mire importance to student exchange programs in general and also include them in their marketing planning. The schools offering student exchange programs should put their efforts together by building up networks in order to support mutual interests.