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Drawing from life course theory, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the mediating role of family influence on career development (FICD) on the relationship of helicopter-parenting (over-parenting behavior) and US millennials’ work attitudes.

In Study 1 (n=268), confirmatory factor analysis was tested on all scales to derive fit models. Mediation analyses using PROCESS (Preacher and Hayes, 2004) were conducted on Study 1 and Study 2 (n=196) on survey collected data sets.

Capturing life course theorists’ proposition that parental involvement now extends itself through childhood and into millennials’ adulthood, results from both studies indicate helicopter-parenting is related to FICD. Further, for both studies, information support (FICD factor) positively mediates the relationship between helicopter-parenting and, affective commitment and job satisfaction, and negatively mediates the relationship between helicopter-parenting and turnover intentions. Additionally, direct effects on helicopter-parenting on work outcomes were found in both studies.

CEOs and managers seem perplexed on how to manage millennial workers. Understanding the co-occurring positive and negative effects of the millennial-parent relationship on work attitudes can help alleviate this conundrum to create better supervision, retention and engagement of millennial workers.

This study contributes to the sparse empirical literature on millennial’s work attitudes and is the first to provide empirical evidence of the role parents play in shaping millennial’s work attitudes. The findings highlight the concerns CEOs have in managing their millennial workers via their parental relationship and provide insightful management strategies.

This study aims to provide a psychometrically sound measure intended to capture perceived/experienced sexism in the workplace, the perceived/experienced sexism scale (PESS). PESS is used to consider the effects of perceived experiences of benevolent and hostile sexism at work, as well their relationships with perceived organizational support and the job attitudes of job satisfaction and turnover intentions.

This study revised the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (Glick and Fiske, 1996) to create and validate the PESS. Amazon Mechanical Turk was used to collect two samples (220 and 183) of perceptions of female employees.

Results suggest perceived organizational support and trust perceptions mediate the relationships between perceptions of sexism and organizational outcomes of job satisfaction and turnover intentions.

Existing measures of sexism are intended to identify and measure sexism by examining perpetrators’ actions or thoughts. However, researchers must make assumptions as to the effect such sexist acts or behaviors has on the target. Thus, this study provides a measure of sexism from the perspective of the target.