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Type: Composite construction, strut braced, high wing mono‐plane.

Surveys some of the important contributions of information theory (IT) to the understanding of systems science and cybernetics. Presents a short background on the main definitions of IT, and examines in which way IT could be thought of as a unified approach to general systems. Analyses the topics: syntax and semantics in information, information and self‐organization, entropy of forms (entropy of non‐random functions), and information in dynamical systems. Enumerates some suggestions for further research and takes this opportunity to describe new points of view, mainly by using entropy of non‐random functions.

The balance between four different types of energies involved in a seam and their relative magnitudes which can result in seam instability is focused on. Experimental results for seams with and without overfeeding are presented, which agree with the theoretical analysis.

This paper aims to understand whether, and if so how, the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) influence large companies’ adoption and implementation of a broader corporate purpose, beyond profit maximization.

Adopting a multiple-case study method, data were collected from semi-structured interviews with 28 managers from 16 large companies in Australia and Japan, and from secondary sources. Grounded theory methods were used to analyze the data and draw out key findings.

The study revealed the influence of the SDGs on corporate purpose depends on the SDG integration level: where and how the SDGs are integrated into management practices. The influence was more significant when the companies implemented the SDGs at a normative level compared to those implementing the SDGs at a strategic and/or operational level.

Due to the exploratory nature of the study, the sample size is limited and covers only companies in two countries. Future studies could examine the validity of the findings and the explanatory model by testing with a larger sample and expanding the scope into different countries. The study provides practical implications on how large companies’ could scale up their contributions to achieving the SDGs.

While the extant literature suggests a simple relationship between sustainability (the SDGs) and corporate purpose, this paper identified a more complex relationship. It presents in a multi-pathway model that explains the relationship, based on empirical evidence from 16 large companies in two different institutional contexts.

The purpose of this paper is to consider Turing's two tests for machine intelligence: the parallel‐paired, three‐participants game presented in his 1950 paper, and the “jury‐service” one‐to‐one measure described two years later in a radio broadcast. Both versions were instantiated in practical Turing tests during the 18th Loebner Prize for artificial intelligence hosted at the University of Reading, UK, in October 2008. This involved jury‐service tests in the preliminary phase and parallel‐paired in the final phase.

Almost 100 test results from the final have been evaluated and this paper reports some intriguing nuances which arose as a result of the unique contest.

In the 2008 competition, Turing's 30 per cent pass rate is not achieved by any machine in the parallel‐paired tests but Turing's modified prediction: “at least in a hundred years time” is remembered.

The paper presents actual responses from “modern Elizas” to human interrogators during contest dialogues that show considerable improvement in artificial conversational entities (ACE). Unlike their ancestor – Weizenbaum's natural language understanding system – ACE are now able to recall, share information and disclose personal interests.

The pitch of the blades of an air‐screw is adjustable by means of a movable cylinder which is mounted beyond the end of the hub and moves over a fixed piston to either side of which an actuating liquid is conveyed down the hollow airscrew shaft and the cylinder has an axial extension which takes a bearing inside that shaft. The air screw shaft a4 is hollow and driven by gearing from the engine shaft a2. Inside the shaft are fitted two concentric tubes ƒ, ƒ1 of which the tube ƒ is secured to the shaft a4 by teeth ƒ2 and the mounting includes steady bearings ƒ6 which are serrated to allow oil to pass, and further steady sleeves between the two tubes are provided at ƒ3. The outer end of tube ƒ is attached to a piston g secured thereto by a nut g1. Over the piston is a cylinder h having a closed end h1 and an inner axial extension sleeve h2 which takes a bearing on the outside of the pipe ƒ on annular rings h3 and also on the inside of the shaft h4. The end of the space between the concentric tubes is closed by a plug h3. When liquid pressure is applied to either side of the piston, movement of the cylinder is transmitted to the pins m4 on the blade roots by the bolts m and links m3, the connection of the two linkages is formed as a slipper movable within a guide m5. For the purpose of ensuring oil tightness the junctions of the supply pipes j1, j2 with the supply tubes ƒ, ƒ1 are formed with spring‐held glands j4, j5, j10, j9.

A structurally constrained discrete state space model is employed as the basis in the development of an identification and control procedure. System excitation is conditioned in accordance with a restricted minimization of a composite cost functional embodying a compromise legitimizing simultaneous identification and control. Alternative scalar measures of the system identified parametric transition matrices are combined with a state quadratic control measure in the composite cost, and an investigation of the effect of a scalar weighting in the functional (offsetting identification with control) considered. Tabular and graphical results are presented covering the likely range of the proposed systems applicability.

Explains why and how lawyers become involved in money laundering schemes. Describes three recent cases of UK solicitors convicted for money laundering ‐ Denis Jebb, Louis Glatt and Noel Horner ‐ and notes that US lawyers are convicted more often than in the UK; this is possibly because in the USA there are more sting operations, phone intercepts, use of accomplice evidence, and a different exercise of prosecutorial discretion. Moves on to the services that lawyers provide launderers: advice, use of client accounts, purchase or sale of property, creation of corporate vehicles and trusts, lawyer ‐ client privilege, guarantees, introductions, powers of attorney, and false legal documentation. Discusses next the low level of disclosures by solicitors in the UK of suspicious transactions; reasons may be the general culture of non‐suspicion, the duty of client confidentiality, and confusion over laundering and tax evasion. Outlines new UK money laundering offences, which are likely to lead to an increase in the numbers of solicitor prosecutions.

A series of in‐depth one to one and group interviews were undertaken with health professionals and surgery practice managers in medical locations where a touch screen information kiosk was available for use by patients. The purpose of these interviews was to provide context and understanding for the kiosk log data that was being gathered that provided data on number and length of use sessions, pages viewed and age and gender of users. The interviews were also concerned with issues beyond those raised by the logs ‐ principally the benefits and problems inherent in providing health information ‘online’ and the impact of electronic information for patients on the work of the medical practitioner. The reasons why kiosks were purchased and the extent to which expectations were met were also areas of interest. Results showed that disproportionately high use of the kiosk by children, identified by the log data, could be explained in a number of ways. Medical practitioners spoke of helping children both use the system for school projects and access pages on behalf of parents and grandparents. Inappropriate use, however, was also reported by practice managers. A number of factors cited by professionals, such as poor IT skills and cultural barriers, help explain low use by the 55‐74 age group. A resurgence of interest amongst the over 74s, however, remains a mystery awaiting the next stage of the fieldwork, when patients are interviewed directly. Extensive encouragement by staff to encourage patient use may account for some of the condition specific pages accessed, by all age groups. Nurses tended to be far more pro‐active than doctors, and saw many health‐related benefits in referring patients to the kiosk. By contrast, doctors saw the system in very practical ways ‐ praising its space saving potential, for example, not enthusing about its possible value to patients in health terms. Practice managers and others with responsibility for the maintenance of the system were unhappy with the extra work they were required to undertake, and complained about children ‘playing’ and about printer and other problems.

Focuses on Schedule 1 of the Anti‐Terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001, which allows for seizure, detention and forfeiture of terrorist cash by authorised officers. Discusses how far officers can trace the value in earmarked property through substitutions and mixtures by the person who obtained the property through terrorism, using means like backwards tracing and subrogation. Moves on to how far they can follow earmarked property or its traceable proceeds into the hands of innocent third party volunteers through their mixtures and substitutions, when they have not known that the property has been obtained by terrorism but have not given value in exchange for it, and when they used earmarked property when other resources were available. Assesses lastly what jurisdiction should hear civil proceedings for forfeiture of terrorist cash, a magistrate’s court or the High Court.