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Type: Composite construction, strut braced, high wing mono‐plane.

This paper aims to understand whether, and if so how, the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) influence large companies’ adoption and implementation of a broader corporate purpose, beyond profit maximization.

Adopting a multiple-case study method, data were collected from semi-structured interviews with 28 managers from 16 large companies in Australia and Japan, and from secondary sources. Grounded theory methods were used to analyze the data and draw out key findings.

The study revealed the influence of the SDGs on corporate purpose depends on the SDG integration level: where and how the SDGs are integrated into management practices. The influence was more significant when the companies implemented the SDGs at a normative level compared to those implementing the SDGs at a strategic and/or operational level.

Due to the exploratory nature of the study, the sample size is limited and covers only companies in two countries. Future studies could examine the validity of the findings and the explanatory model by testing with a larger sample and expanding the scope into different countries. The study provides practical implications on how large companies’ could scale up their contributions to achieving the SDGs.

While the extant literature suggests a simple relationship between sustainability (the SDGs) and corporate purpose, this paper identified a more complex relationship. It presents in a multi-pathway model that explains the relationship, based on empirical evidence from 16 large companies in two different institutional contexts.

The pitch of the blades of an air‐screw is adjustable by means of a movable cylinder which is mounted beyond the end of the hub and moves over a fixed piston to either side of which an actuating liquid is conveyed down the hollow airscrew shaft and the cylinder has an axial extension which takes a bearing inside that shaft. The air screw shaft a4 is hollow and driven by gearing from the engine shaft a2. Inside the shaft are fitted two concentric tubes ƒ, ƒ1 of which the tube ƒ is secured to the shaft a4 by teeth ƒ2 and the mounting includes steady bearings ƒ6 which are serrated to allow oil to pass, and further steady sleeves between the two tubes are provided at ƒ3. The outer end of tube ƒ is attached to a piston g secured thereto by a nut g1. Over the piston is a cylinder h having a closed end h1 and an inner axial extension sleeve h2 which takes a bearing on the outside of the pipe ƒ on annular rings h3 and also on the inside of the shaft h4. The end of the space between the concentric tubes is closed by a plug h3. When liquid pressure is applied to either side of the piston, movement of the cylinder is transmitted to the pins m4 on the blade roots by the bolts m and links m3, the connection of the two linkages is formed as a slipper movable within a guide m5. For the purpose of ensuring oil tightness the junctions of the supply pipes j1, j2 with the supply tubes ƒ, ƒ1 are formed with spring‐held glands j4, j5, j10, j9.

The aerodynamic force on an element dx1 of the rotor blade produces a moment about any point, and the component of this moment along the flapping hinge determines the flapping motion of the blade. The air force on an element being i4 dX4‘+Jt d/Y4’+k1 dZ,‘, the moment dG’, say, about the hinge F is given by

Different factors affecting seam instability are discussed and major energy terms involved and their order of magnitude are recognised. By comparing pre‐buckling and post‐buckling energies, four dimensionless groups were derived which are responsible for seam instability and can be used as independent variables in analysing the experimental results. The paper goes further and compares the analytical conclusions with the results of other investigators.

This chapter reviews recent developments in the density discontinuity approach. It is well known that agents having perfect control of the forcing variable will invalidate the popular regression discontinuity designs (RDDs). To detect the manipulation of the forcing variable, McCrary (2008) developed a test based on the discontinuity in the density around the threshold. Recent papers have noted that the sorting patterns around the threshold are often either the researcher’s object of interest or may relate to structural parameters such as tax elasticities through known functions. This, in turn, implies that the behavior of the distribution around the threshold is not only informative of the validity of a standard RDD; it can also be used to recover policy-relevant parameters and perform counterfactual exercises.

This paper aims to investigate the grey scheduling, which is the combination of grey system theory and scheduling problems with uncertain processing time. Based on the interval grey number and its related definitions, properties, and theorems, the single machine scheduling with uncertain processing time and its general forms are studied as the research object. Then several single machine scheduling models are reconstructed, and an actual production case is developed to illustrate the rationality of the research.

In this paper, the authors first summarize the definitions and properties related to interval grey numbers, especially the transitivity of the partial order of interval grey numbers, and give an example to illustrate that the transitivity has a positive effect on the computational time complexity of multiple interval grey number comparisons. Second, the authors redefine the general form of the single machine scheduling problem with uncertain processing time according to the definitions and theorems of interval grey numbers. The authors then reconstruct three single machine scheduling models with uncertain processing time, give the corresponding heuristic algorithms based on the interval grey numbers and prove them. Finally, the authors develop a case study based on the engine test shop of K Company, the results show that the proposed single machine scheduling models and algorithms with uncertain processing time can provide effective guidance for actual production in an uncertain environment.

The main findings of this paper are as follows: (1) summarize the definitions and theorems related to interval grey numbers and prove the transitivity of the partial order of interval grey numbers; (2) define the general form of the single machine scheduling problem with interval grey processing time; (3) reconstruct three single machine scheduling models with uncertain processing time and give the corresponding heuristic algorithms; (4) develop a case study to illustrate the rationality of the research.

In the further research, the authors will continue to summarize more advanced general forms of grey scheduling, improve the theory of grey scheduling and prove it, and further explore the application of grey scheduling in the real world. In general, grey scheduling needs to be further combined with grey system theory to form a complete theoretical system.

It is a fundamental work to define the general form of single machine scheduling with uncertain processing time used the interval grey number. However, it can be seen as an important theoretical basis for the grey scheduling, and it is also beneficial to expand the application of grey system theory in real world.

The theory of generalized thermoelasticity, based on the Lord‐Shulman theory (LS) with one relaxation time and the Green‐Naghdi theory (GN) (of type II) without energy dissipation, as well as the classical dynamical coupled theory (CD), is used to study the electromagneto‐thermoelastic interactions in a semi‐infinite perfectly conducting solid subjected to a thermal shock on its surface. The entire elastic medium is rotating with a uniform angular velocity. There acts an initial magnetic field parallel to the plane boundary of the half‐space. The medium deformed because of thermal shock, the rotation and due to the application of the magnetic field. The normal mode analysis is used to obtain the exact expressions for the considered variables. The distributions of the variables considered are represented graphically for two different cases. From the distributions, the wave type heat propagation in the medium can be found. This indicates that the generalized heat conduction mechanism is completely different in essence from the classic Fourier’s law. Comparisons are made with the results predicted by the three theories in the presence and absence of rotation and a magnetic field.

The purpose of this paper is to obtain an insight into the effects of sliding and/or joint opening at the contraction, perimeter and concrete lift joints on the nonlinear seismic response of arch dams.

The seismic behavior of a typical thin double curvature arch dam is studied by a nonlinear finite element program developed by the authors. Joints are modeled with the use of zero thickness interface elements. Various constitutive relationships are implemented to account for sliding and opening along the joints. Effects of joint sliding parameters and foundation rock flexibility are also considered in the analyses.

The findings provide information about dynamic stress distribution through the dam body and stability of the dam as a whole and also the local stability of the most critical concrete blocks in the dam body.

Useful information for designing new arch dams or seismic evaluation of constructed dams.

This paper takes into account the stability of concrete blocks in the dam body as well as stability of the structure as a whole. Except for contraction joints, perimeter and concrete lift joints are also modeled. Practical as well as detailed models of sliding are provided for the analyses. The paper offers practical help to design and dam engineers.

This study aims to evaluate the color accuracy of HP Jet Fusion 580 3D printing, comparing 3D-printed outcomes against original digital input colors.

A custom cyan, magenta, yellow and black (CMYK) and red, green, blue (RGB) color chart was applied to the top, bottom and side surfaces of a 3D model. Four of each model were 3D-printed on a HP Jet Fusion 580, and half the samples were finished with a cyanoacrylate gloss surface finish, while half were left in raw form. A spectrophotometer was used to document CIELAB (L*a*b*) data, and comparisons made to the original input colors, including calculation of ΔE.

The CMYK samples were significantly more accurate than RGB samples, and grayscale samples in both color spaces were the most accurate of all. Typically, CMYK swatches were darker than the input values, and gloss samples were consistently darker than raw samples. The chromaticity (a*b*) range was found to be significantly smaller than what can be achieved digitally, with highly saturated colors unable to be produced by the printer.

This is the first study, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, to characterize the full color spectrum possible with the HP Jet Fusion 580, recommending that designers use the CMYK color space when applying colors and textures to 3D models. A quick-reference color chart has been provided; however, it is recommended that future research focus on developing a color management profile to better map digital colors to the capabilities of the printer.