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Variable‐pitch airscrews driven through multiple speed gear boxes are controlled by a single lever to provide in one position high speed and fine pitch and in another position a lower speed and coarser pitch. The epicyclic gearing includes an annulus wheel B1 driven from the crankshaft and a series of double planet wheels B2 carried in a frame B3 rigid with an axial extension B4 of the airscrew hub A1. The series of planet gears mesh with sun wheels C, C2 respectively on sleeves C1 and C3 which are adapted to be clutched to the fixed casing D by clutches D1, D2 movable into position by a ring D3 which is actuated by a ring E, which through pivots and levers is movable by a piston K in a cylinder K1 which is coupled by pipes J3, G4 through a control valve H1 with a pressure supply. Branch pipes G3, J2 pass to compartments in the hollow shaft and thence to a cylinder F3 coupled to the blade roots for varying the pitch. The valve H1 is controlled from the cockpit through levers H2, H3.

The purpose of this paper is to consider Turing's two tests for machine intelligence: the parallel‐paired, three‐participants game presented in his 1950 paper, and the “jury‐service” one‐to‐one measure described two years later in a radio broadcast. Both versions were instantiated in practical Turing tests during the 18th Loebner Prize for artificial intelligence hosted at the University of Reading, UK, in October 2008. This involved jury‐service tests in the preliminary phase and parallel‐paired in the final phase.

Almost 100 test results from the final have been evaluated and this paper reports some intriguing nuances which arose as a result of the unique contest.

In the 2008 competition, Turing's 30 per cent pass rate is not achieved by any machine in the parallel‐paired tests but Turing's modified prediction: “at least in a hundred years time” is remembered.

The paper presents actual responses from “modern Elizas” to human interrogators during contest dialogues that show considerable improvement in artificial conversational entities (ACE). Unlike their ancestor – Weizenbaum's natural language understanding system – ACE are now able to recall, share information and disclose personal interests.

Different factors affecting seam instability are discussed and major energy terms involved and their order of magnitude are recognised. By comparing pre‐buckling and post‐buckling energies, four dimensionless groups were derived which are responsible for seam instability and can be used as independent variables in analysing the experimental results. The paper goes further and compares the analytical conclusions with the results of other investigators.

The photograph right shows an unusual application for one of Kremlin Spray Painting Equipment Ltd.'s J3 type air spray guns.

The balance between four different types of energies involved in a seam and their relative magnitudes which can result in seam instability is focused on. Experimental results for seams with and without overfeeding are presented, which agree with the theoretical analysis.

In a companion paper, a theoretical framework of an algorithm was described which determines the optimal power flows of a network via the Dommel‐Tinney approach with or without the incorporation of security constraints. This can be handled via sensitivity analysis and least‐squares minimization techniques. The aim of this paper is to report on the computational experiments of the method using the 5‐bus, 14‐ and 30‐bus networks.

This study explores the concept of hydraulic flushing gate with an automated control system as a flow control structure of the urban storm water system. The research team has implemented a flush gate with the automated control system to the flow of the water in a drainage channel. The flow control structure was used to determine the effectiveness of such design by applying the concept of virtually on a real-world drainage system at Jalan Astana, Kuching. Computer representations of the existing drainage system and flow control structure were built using EPA SWMM 5.0 model. The series of flow control structure was proven to hold the runoff from 10-year storm. The modelling result shows that there is 25.9% of flow reduction at outlet node. As a modification of the existing drainage system in the urban area involves high construction cost, by installing a flow control structure in the drainage system is an innovative way to control the flow of the water.

Consider the plight of the contemporary manager: the forces affecting corporate planning today stem from a wide variety of external sources—public interest groups, changing customer demands, foreign nations, government agencies, and many more. Consequently, the problems that managers and planners must solve are increasingly complex. They are, in addition, ill‐structured and have many highly interrelated dimensions, each of which expresses a wide range of differing values, beliefs and knowledge. Compared with well structured problems—proving geometric theorems or solving Sunday supplement puzzles are examples—ill‐structured problems have no sure fire solutions. One can't tell whether the planning methods used and the solutions obtained fit the problem best or not.

Bradford distributions describe the relationship between ‘journal productivities’ and ‘journal rankings by productivity’. However, different ranking conventions exist, implying some ambiguity as to what the Bradford distribution ‘is’. A need accordingly arises for a standard ranking convention to assist comparisons between empirical data, and also comparisons between empirical data and theoretical models. Five ranking conventions are described including the one used originally by Bradford, along with suggested distinctions between ‘Bradford data set’, ‘Bradford distribution’, ‘Bradford graph’, ‘Bradford log graph’, ‘Bradford model’ and ‘Bradford’s Law‘. Constructions such as the Lotka distribution, Groos droop (generalised to accommodate growth as well as fall‐off in the Bradford log graph), Brookes hooks, and the slope and intercept of the Bradford log graph are clarified on this basis. Concepts or procedures questioned include: (1) ‘core journal’, from the Bradfordian viewpoint; (2) the use of traditional statistical inferential procedures applied to Bradford data; and (3) R(n) as a maximum (rather than median or mean) value at tied‐rank values.