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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1986

R.L. Cadenhead and J.S. Prokop

An outline is given of the purpose and activities of the ISHM‐US Education Program. Guidelines for establishing and operating Student Chapters are provided, together with the…

Abstract

An outline is given of the purpose and activities of the ISHM‐US Education Program. Guidelines for establishing and operating Student Chapters are provided, together with the benefits of membership, and several of the facilities made available to student members are described.

Details

Microelectronics International, vol. 3 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1356-5362

Article
Publication date: 1 February 1984

C. Maunder, D. Roberts and N. Sinnadurai

Testing has become one of the dominant costs in the process of bringing a product from initial conception to the market place. Because of this, it is now imperative that the…

Abstract

Testing has become one of the dominant costs in the process of bringing a product from initial conception to the market place. Because of this, it is now imperative that the impact of any technology change on the test process is considered at an early stage. In this light, the increasing trend towards the use of surface‐mounting techniques in the fabrication of electronic systems is examined, with particular emphasis on the consequences on product testing during design validation, manufacture and repair. The aim is to highlight areas in which new attitudes and replacements for traditional solutions will be needed if surface‐mounting techniques are to be as cost‐effective as possible.

Details

Microelectronics International, vol. 2 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1356-5362

Article
Publication date: 20 June 2019

Christian Eckert and Nadine Gatzert

Financial firms announcing large operational losses have empirically been shown to cause significant negative spillover effects in other non-announcing firms in case of the…

Abstract

Purpose

Financial firms announcing large operational losses have empirically been shown to cause significant negative spillover effects in other non-announcing firms in case of the banking and insurance industry. The purpose of this paper is 1) to model such spillover effects in a network from a portfolio perspective and 2) to holistically assess operational risk, reputational risk and the risk of spillover effects, taking into account the dependencies between these risk types.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors propose different approaches to model spillover effects with different complexity, including stochasticity and influencing factors within the industry network. They then calibrate the model based on information from previous empirical literature.

Findings

The results emphasize that spillover effects can represent a considerable (non-diversifiable) risk, especially in portfolios, and that neglecting them may lead to a severe underestimation of the actual impact of single operational loss events.

Originality/value

This study is relevant not only for a firm’s risk management strategy but also for investors holding a portfolio of firms potentially subject to spillover effects.

Details

The Journal of Risk Finance, vol. 20 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1526-5943

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 5 July 2019

Christian Eckert, Nadine Gatzert and Alexander Pisula

Previous research observed that large internal fraud events in the general financial services industry imply negative spillover effects, whereas internal fraud in investment banks…

Abstract

Purpose

Previous research observed that large internal fraud events in the general financial services industry imply negative spillover effects, whereas internal fraud in investment banks can imply significantly positive effects for other banks. This paper aims to shed further light on this contradictory result.

Design/methodology/approach

For this purpose, the authors compare the spillover effects of the three largest cases of rogue trader events in investment banks (Company 1, 1995; Company 2, 2008; Company 3, 2011) on the largest competing non-announcing banks and insurance companies in Europe based on an event study.

Findings

The results show that while the respective announcing firm suffered significant market value losses that even led to bankruptcy in case of Company 1, spillover effects on other banks and insurers were twofold. In particular, in case of Company 2 and Company 3, spillover effects on other financial firms were significantly positive depending on the event window, indicating a dominating competitive effect, whereas the Company 1 event with its resulting bankruptcy led to significantly negative spillover effects and thus contagion.

Originality/value

The results offer a first indication that the severity of the event in terms of its consequences for the announcing firm is crucial, as internal fraud events have the potential to significantly worsen the market values of other financial services firms, which is in contrast to the typically observed positive effects.

Details

The Journal of Risk Finance, vol. 20 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1526-5943

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 20 September 2021

Viktor Prokop, Jan Stejskal, Beata Mikusova Merickova and Samuel Amponsah Odei

The purpose of this study is to introduce innovative ideas into the treatment of the radical and incremental innovations and to fill the research gap by using: (1) methods that…

316

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to introduce innovative ideas into the treatment of the radical and incremental innovations and to fill the research gap by using: (1) methods that can perform complicated tasks and solve complex problems leading in creation of radical and incremental innovation and (2) a broad sample of firms across countries. The authors’ ambition is to contribute to the scientific knowledge by producing evidence about the novel usage of artificial neural network techniques for measuring European firms' innovation activities appearing in black boxes of innovation processes.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, the authors incorporate an international context into Chesbrough's open innovation (OI) theory and, on the one hand, support the hypothesis that European radical innovators benefit more from foreign cooperation than incremental innovators. On the other hand, the results of the analyses show that European incremental innovators rely on domestic cooperation supported by cooperation with foreign public research institutes. Moreover, the use of decision trees (DT) allows the authors to reveal specific patterns of successful innovators emerging within the hidden layers of neural networks.

Findings

The authors prove that radical European innovators using either internal or external R&D strategies, while the combinations of these strategies do not bring successful innovation outputs. In contrast, European incremental innovators benefit from various internal R&D processes in which engagement in design activities plays a crucial role.

Originality/value

The authors introduce innovative ideas into the treatment of hidden innovation processes and measuring the innovation performance (affected by domestic or international cooperation) of European firms. The approach places emphasis on the novelty of innovation and the issue of international cooperation in the era of OI by designing the framework using a combination of artificial neural networks and DT.

Details

European Journal of Innovation Management, vol. 26 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1460-1060

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 15 May 2017

Thomas Kaspereit, Kerstin Lopatta, Suren Pakhchanyan and Jörg Prokop

The aim of this paper is to study the information content of operational loss events occurring at European financial institutions with respect to the announcing bank’s industry…

1989

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to study the information content of operational loss events occurring at European financial institutions with respect to the announcing bank’s industry rivals from an equity investor’s perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conduct an event study to identify spillover effects of operational loss events using the Carhart (1997) four-factor model as a benchmark model. In addition, they conduct multiple regression analyses to investigate the extent to which firm-specific factors or the market environment affect abnormal returns.

Findings

They observe significant negative abnormal returns following operational loss announcements exceeding € 50 million for both the announcing firms and their competitors. In addition, they find that stock market reactions occur only within a very small event window around the announcement date, indicating a high degree of market efficiency. Finally, abnormal returns tend to be insignificant for smaller loss amounts.

Originality/value

While operational risk is often believed to be strictly firm-specific, the results show that large operational risk events are not purely idiosyncratic; rather, they are systemic in the sense that they have contagious effects on non-event banks. Thus, the authors shed new light on how operational risk affects equity investors’ investment behaviour in an opaque and highly interconnected banking market.

Details

The Journal of Risk Finance, vol. 18 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1526-5943

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 5 July 2021

Jan Stejskal, Petr Hajek and Viktor Prokop

The study aims to analyse library user preferences in the willingness to read and pay for e-books, using a sample of both active readers (users of public library services) and…

2089

Abstract

Purpose

The study aims to analyse library user preferences in the willingness to read and pay for e-books, using a sample of both active readers (users of public library services) and non-users (the general population).

Design/methodology/approach

Two empirical surveys were conducted from August to November of 2019; the research sample consisted of 1,334 users from the Municipal Library of Prague and 1,101 non-users from the general Czech population. The research was focussed on e-book user preferences. The willingness to pay (WTP) for e-book services and the determinants that affect this willingness were also examined.

Findings

The results show the specific approach of Czech readers, whose main determinant of WTP is not the content, but the price and method of its payment (allocation). Some people prefer a cheaper annual lump sum, whereas others may prefer a charge of small regular fees. The decision to pay depends on their reading or payment habits.

Originality/value

This study also aims to clarify the demand for various types of digital media in Czech libraries and the preferred distribution models. Furthermore, the study determines the dependence of the preferences of library users in their WTP for e-books using different evaluation models. The originality of this study is in the evaluation of the determinants of WTP for e-books, which makes this study unique, and the findings should contribute to the expansion of existing knowledge in the field of information science.

Details

The Electronic Library , vol. 39 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0264-0473

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 27 May 2022

Ceren Erdin and Mehmet Çağlar

The purpose of this study is to measure and analyze the national innovation efficiency of organisation for economic co-operation and development (OECD) countries. This is to…

425

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to measure and analyze the national innovation efficiency of organisation for economic co-operation and development (OECD) countries. This is to determine to what extent OECD countries efficiently use the elements that enable innovation activities possible in generating innovation outputs.

Design/methodology/approach

An input–output model was constructed to measure efficiency. The inputs and outputs in the research model are the input and output sub-indices of the Global Innovation Index. Data envelopment analysis was used to measure the national innovation efficiency levels of OECD countries.

Findings

The results show that national innovation efficiency is generally high in OECD countries. However, some countries lag behind in innovation efficiency. OECD countries’ ability to create and provide the elements that enable innovation activities is higher than their ability to create innovation outputs. OECD countries have a good innovation environment and a high level of resources, but they should focus on how to create more innovation outputs.

Originality/value

This study presents a measurement of national innovation efficiency of OECD countries which contributes “Innovation Strategy” agenda. The results empirically show that overall innovation indices cannot be the only indicator of the performance of national innovation systems. In this study, an innovation efficiency/performance matrix is constructed to present the relative positions of the countries to help in examining countries’ strengths, weaknesses and potentials based on innovation efficiency and innovation performance simultaneously. This study contributes to the literature by presenting a broader perspective and measurement of national innovation efficiency by taking an extensive number of indicators into account.

Details

International Journal of Innovation Science, vol. 15 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1757-2223

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 21 February 2024

Mehrgan Malekpour, Federica Caboni, Mohsen Nikzadask and Vincenzo Basile

This paper aims to identify the combination of innovation determinants driving the creation of innovative products amongst market leaders and market followers in food and beverage…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to identify the combination of innovation determinants driving the creation of innovative products amongst market leaders and market followers in food and beverage (F&B) firms.

Design/methodology/approach

This research is based on the case study methodology by using two types of data sources: (1) semi-structured interviews with industry experts and (2) in-depth interviews with managers. In addition, a questionnaire adapted from prior research was used to consider market and firm types.

Findings

Suggesting an integrated theoretical framework based on firm-based factors and market-based factors, this study identified a combination of determinants significantly impacting innovative products in the market. Specifically, these determinants are competition intensity and innovation capability (a combination of research and development (R&D) investment and marketing capabilities). The study also examined how these determinants vary depending on whether the firms are market leaders or market followers.

Practical implications

This research provides practical insights for managers working in the F&B industry by using case studies and exploring the determinants of developing innovative products. In doing so, suitable strategies can be selected according to the market and firm situations.

Originality/value

The originality of the study is shown by focussing on how different combinations of market and firm factors could be applied in creating successful innovative products in the food sector.

Details

British Food Journal, vol. 126 no. 13
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 11 September 2009

Ewa Baranowska‐Prokop

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate whether purchases of capital goods through direct offset transactions (OTs) could be a more beneficial form of trade than…

1698

Abstract

Purpose

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate whether purchases of capital goods through direct offset transactions (OTs) could be a more beneficial form of trade than conventional market transactions (MTs).

Design/methodology/approach

An original model of trade is offered where a company from a less‐developed country plans to acquire an advanced technology embodied in capital goods from a developed country's firm. The quality of technology is unknown to the buyer. The model is used to analyse the choice of transactional form made by the purchasing firm.

Findings

It is shown that, in the case of substantial uncertainty about the quality of the acquired technology, direct offsets could be the preferred form of exchange. Direct OTs serve as an insurance against the technology of low quality. They become a credible signal of capital goods' quality in the situation of asymmetric information between the seller and the buyer. It is a rational reaction to market imperfections.

Practical implications

The findings imply that, under asymmetric information about the quality of acquired technology, the rational decision makers should replace the conventional MTs with the direct offsets.

Originality/value

The results of the paper contribute to the discussion on the motivation for the use of direct offsets as a transactional form of international trade. The paper should be of interest to practitioners as well as to academics specialising in international business transactions.

Details

Journal of International Trade Law and Policy, vol. 8 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1477-0024

Keywords

1 – 10 of 146